Topical Blog Week #5 (Due Wednesday)

Reinforcement

1) In the United States, the rate of prescription drug overdoses have doubled between 2000 and 2010. This is more than likely attributed to the fact that prescription drug (especially prescription painkillers) sales to hospitals and pharmacies has skyrocketed during this time and that many of these medications are opioids, which are similar to illicit drugs like heroin and are very addictive. There has also been a rise in the amount of heroin being imported to the U.S., and the DEA believes this may be the reason why. Because these painkillers are not being used in the context in which they were meant to be, there has been a sharp increase in related overdoses.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement
The target behavior is the increased use (abuse) of prescription painkillers and heroin.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior can result in a 'high' as well as addiction (it is also resulting in an increased amount of overdoses, though that is usually not the intended consequence).

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior
The consequence of getting 'high' from using prescription painkillers is that the individual will experience euphoria and a rush of feel good chemicals inside their brains such as dopamine and serotonin. This 'high' feeling increases the likelihood that another high will be sought after, and the use of these opioid painkillers to get high may be leading to increased heroin usage as well, because it is more accessible than prescription painkillers.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, which would be a feeling of euphoria or a 'high' from taking prescription painkillers, or similarly, heroin.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is 'the availability of prescription drugs or heroin'

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= The availability of prescription drugs of heroin

B= More individuals have access to opioids and begin abusing them

C= Individuals experience an intense high while taken opioid painkillers, and may being using heroin.
* In a side-note, this has lead to increased drug overdoses.

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
The consequence of getting high using opioid painkillers or heroin is an example of positive reinforcement because something desirable (a 'high') is being added to the individual's perception of the world when taking these drugs.

Punishment

9) Two kindergarten teachers at Salinas Elementary made an kindergarten bully sit in a chair as 24 other kindergarten students filed past him and slapped him. This was used as a type of punishment for the bully.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is the slapping behavior that the 24 students emitted when they were elicited to punish the student who was being a bully by filing past him and slapping him.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence of the children slapping the bully is that the alleged bully is being physically harmed by these 24 children.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior.
The physical harm that comes to the alleged bully as a result of 24 kindergarten children slapping him will decrease his behavior because of the intensity of the punishment and the abruptness of the punishment. In order to avoid being physically harmed in that manner again, the alleged bully will most likely discontinue any bullying behavior. However, this was not an appropriate form of punishment.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable.
In this instance, the consequence involves the addition of something aversive, which would be the physical harm done by the slapping behavior emitted by 24 kindergarten students.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
'Sitting in a chair in a teacher's classroom' was the antecedent.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= The alleged bully sitting in a chair in a teacher's classroom.

B= 24 kindergarten students slapping the alleged bully as they file past him

C= Physical harm to the alleged bully

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because something aversive was added to the situation; in this case, it was the physical harm done by 24 kindergarten students.

Reinforcement: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26067987

Punishment: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/06/15/155153817/anti-bullying-case-students-ordered-to-hit-6-year-old-police-say

Terms: Context, target behavior, consequence, antecedent, positive punishment, positive reinforcement, aversive, desirable, emit, elicit, intensity of the punishment, abruptness of the punishment,

Reinforcement in the News:

1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article talks about the French mayoral candidate Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet, and her plans to turn Paris’ unused metro stations into various cultural centers. There are 11 unused stations in the area, abandoned for various reasons (wartime spending cuts in WWII, logistically flawed, etc.) While a couple are used to test equipment or as a garage for trains, one has been used as a film set in movies. Kosciusko-Morizet plans to transform the unused stations into underground locales – a discotech, a swimming pool, even galleries, restaurants, and theaters. Although she is running behind the competition, perhaps this announcement will lead to her success in March. Toward the end of the article, they mention the current mayor is not running for re-election.

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement
The target behavior is voting for Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior is renovating Paris’ disused metro stations into cultural venues.

4) Tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
People will be more likely to vote for Nathalie because they are expecting the reinforcer of new cultural attractions in Paris.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, in this case new restaurants and other city attractions (most notably a nightclub and underground pool).

6) Tell us what the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the 2014 mayoral election in Paris.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= 2014 Mayoral election
B= Vote for Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet
C= Transform metro stations into various cultural attractions

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because the addition of cultural attractions and various social venues throughout Paris will increase the voting behavior.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced response is no longer reinforced. The article mentions the incumbent mayor is not running for re-election. Perhaps he promised the people of Paris lower taxes in exchange for supporting him. When elected, he did lower taxes, but since being elected, taxes have risen again. This is an example of extinction. Voters supported him because they expected to be rewarded with lower taxes. Over time, taxes were raised, meaning they are no longer being rewarded for supporting him.
There is no presence of an establishing operation in this example. An establishing operation is a procedure which makes the reinforcer more reinforcing. In this case, the reinforcer is cultural attractions. Since Paris already has a multitude of these and is fairly socially diverse, maybe this is not a strong reinforcer for the people of Paris to vote for Nathalie. In addition, the empty and disused metro stations are probably not a social issue people often think about, although they are a bit of a lost opportunity.

Punishment in the News:

9) Briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article centers on a civil case in France. After Michael Jackson’s death in 2009, his doctor Conrad Murray was sentenced to four years in prison for administering a lethal dose of propofol (an anesthetic), causing Jackson’s death. Five members from a French fan club were able to prove they suffered from emotional damages after Jackson’s death, and each received a euro in compensation.

10) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior in this situation is Murray administering a lethal dose of propofol

11) Tell us what the consequence is
Conrad Murray is sentenced to four years in prison.

12) Tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will decrease the frequency of behavior because Dr. Murray does not like prison. He will avoid prescribing lethal doses because going to jail is undesirable to him.

13) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable,
The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable, because we are adding the prison sentence.

14) Tell us what the antecedent is.
The antecedent in this case is Dr. Murray’s position as Michael Jackson’s caretaker.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Dr. Murray taking care of Michael Jackson
B= Dr. Murray administers a lethal dose of the anesthetic propofol
C= Dr. Murray in sentenced to four years in prison
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because the consequence will decrease the frequency of behavior occurring again (i.e. Dr. Murray will prescribe lethal doses less frequently because he does not want to go to prison). It is a positive form of punishment because the prison sentence is introduced as the punisher.
In this article, there is a prime example of Differential Reinforcement of Others (DRO). DRO can be applied when a punishable undesirable behavior is restated as a desirable behavior to be reinforced. When seen with this perspective, we are able to then reinforce the desirable behavior. This is advantageous because reinforcement is more effective than punishment. In this case, we can just as say Dr. Murray is punished by having to pay emotional damages. We can also talk about the people who received money for filing emotional damages. Although they only received a euro each in emotional damages, these folks were reinforced for filing a lawsuit against Dr. Murray. Money is a very common reinforcer and since they received money for filing a lawsuit, they will be more likely to do so in the future.
We might also look at Dr. Murray’s prison sentence as a type of negative punishment. Because going to prison involves the removal of rights, freedom, etc., and jail time will decrease Dr. Murray’s tendency to administer a lethal dose in the future, we can consider it a negative punishment as well.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
BBC: Underground Culture in Paris (Reinforcement) http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20140211-the-proposed-metro-makeover-every-parisian-is-talking-about
BBC: Michael Jackson (Punishment) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-26141075

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behavior, consequence, behavior, desirable, undesirable, antecedent, positive reinforcement, positive punishment, extinction, establishing operation, differential reinforcement of others (DRO), negative punishment

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
I read the article “Going to College May Cost You, But So Will Skipping It.” This article describes the income gap between young adults who attend college and those who choose not to. This gap continues to grow over the years, which indicates it is becoming more and more important to pursue higher education. It demonstrates statistics of those who did and did not go to college.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior is students emitting the behavior of attending college.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is that college-educated young adults are making more money in the workplace.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of making receiving a higher salary will increase the frequency of students attending college.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This consequence involves the addition of something desirable.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is being a young adult in the United States.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Being a young adult in America
B= Students attend college
C= Make more money

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of receiving more money for emitting the behavior of attending college. In order to be given more money in the workplace, it is becoming more necessary for student to go on to further their eductation.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This article provides an example of an establishing operation, because it makes the reinforcer more reinforcing. For most people, being able to receive more money for a job is reinforcing. Thus, the money a person obtains from their career is considered to be a generalized reinforcer, because it is a conditioned reinforcer that has obtained the reinforcing function by pairing with many other reinforcers. This means that the individual is able to acquire other reinforcers quite easily. Also, in the United State, going on to college is considered to have extrinsic value, since it is something our culture values. Those who attend college will most likely place intrinsic value on their education, since they most likely find it important.

For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
For this section, I read the article “Pay Cuts, End of Tenure Put North Carolina Teachers On Edge.” In the state of North Carolina, teacher salary rankings have not had this dramatic of a decrease in the past ten years. One teacher even states that she has been teaching for three years, but still cannot afford to move out of her parent’s house. Morale is low in this state, and teachers are beginning to question why they want to teach.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is teaching as an outstanding teacher.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is that the teachers are not obtaining a pay raise or tenure.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of not receiving fair pay, pay raises, or tenure will decrease the behavior of teachers teaching at an exceptional degree (or at all) in this state. Although, the teachers are not allowed to go on strike, they are marching on the state Capitol. Some teachers may even emit the response of no longer teaching in the state of North Carolina.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of something desirable.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is being a teacher a North Carolina school.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Teacher in North Carolina schools
B= Teaching
C= Not receiving a raise/tenure

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of negative punishment, because the teachers are not receiving the raises or tenure they deserve for their education. One teacher calculated that she would be getting approximately $17,000 more if she taught in South Carolina instead. Teachers are also to receive higher pay for having a master’s degree, but North Carolina eliminated the master’s degree supplement. Money is considered to be desirable, and although, these teachers may be doing an excellent job, the pay does add up to what the teachers. This may elicit the response of teachers quitting their job.

http://www.npr.org/2014/02/11/275297408/going-to-college-may-cost-you-but-so-will-skipping-it

http://www.npr.org/2014/02/11/275368362/pay-cuts-end-of-tenure-put-north-carolina-teachers-on-edge

Terms: target behavior, emit, behavior, consequence, frequency, antecedent, establishing operation, reinforcer, generalized reinforcer, conditioned reinforcer, extrinsic, intrinsic, elicit, negative punishment, elicit

1. There is currently a wicked storm working its way through the generally warmer climated regions. The travel conditions will soon be considered dangerous, the temperatures will be dropping to record lows, and layers upon layers are highly recommended to those planning on enduring it.
2. The target behavior is bundling up
3. The consequence of bundling up is not getting sick/frostbite/staying warm.
4. The consequence will increase the likelihood of bundling up because people want to stay warm.
5. It involves the addition of something desirable.
6. The antecedent is being outside in the south.
7. A= being outside B= bunding up C= not getting frostbite.
8. This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something positive in order to avoid something bad.
9. On January 20th 2014, while driving 18-year-old Tramian Barnes of Joliet Illinois shot and killed Alex Anderson. On February 11th 2014, Barnes was charged with first-degree murder.
10. The target behavior is murdering.
11. The consequence of the behavior is getting charged and being sent to prison.
12. The consequence should decrease the frequency of the behavior because it’s adding something undesirable.
13. Addition of something undesirable which is being charged/prison time.
14. The antecedent is being in the car with a gun.
15. A= in the car. B=murdering Alex, C= getting charged with murder
16. This is an example of positive punishment because it decreases the frequency of the behavior by adding something undesirable.
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-joliet-teen-charged-in-northwest-side-fatal-shooting-20140211,0,4396787.story

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/02/12/275811245/crippling-paralyzing-southern-storm-will-be-wicked

1) In this article the risks that women must weight when taking birth control are discussed. The main type of birth control discussed in this article is the NuvaRing contraceptive. This form of contraceptive has been shown to cause much higher risks of blood clots and high blood pressure.

2) The target behavior for this situation would be stopping the use of the NuvaRing contraceptive, because this is the behavior that we want to increase.

3) The consequence of this behavior is that there will not be the formation of blood clots.

4) This consequence will increase the frequency of the target behavior because it is an outcome that one would want to increase. The decrease in frequency of blood clots or high blood pressure would be wanted much more than the increase in frequency of blood clots or high blood pressure. Thus, decreasing the frequency in use of the NuvaRing,

5) This consequence includes the removal of something undesirable, the removal of blood clots and high blood pressure.

6) The antecedent is the knowing the risk factors involved with using NuvaRing for those who are using this form of contraceptive.

7) A= discovering the risk factors while using NuvaRing
B= Stopping the use of NuvaRing
C= no formation of blood clots or high blood pressure

8) This is an example of negative reinforcement because it is the removal of something undesirable.

This behavior could be seen as using extinction because a behavior that was once reinforced, using the birth control NuvaRing, is no longer being reinforced because of the detrimental health risks that it could involve.

9) In this article it discusses that many Planned Parenthood clinics in California will no longer be getting the funds they need from Family PACT, because many of their clients now qualify for Medicaid through Obamacare. When clients are on Medicaid, facilities such as Planned Parenthood do not get federal funding for those clients. Planned Parenthood and other clinics will now have to cut back on counseling time and in other areas to make sure there businesses are still successful, while still trying to find the proper balance in time to spend with each client.

10) The target behavior that illustrates punishment is that many more clients are now eligible for Medicaid through Obamacare.

11) The consequence of this behavior is that clinics such as Planned Parenthood will no longer be able to receive as much funding as they had in the past from organizations such as Family PACT, because clients are now on Medicaid.

12) This consequence will decrease the target behavior, because hopefully when people and government officials see that Obamacare is not beneficial in certain areas it will be reconsidered.

13) This consequence involves the removal of something desirable, because the funding from federal organization is being removed.

14) The antecedent to this situation is Obamacare.

15) A=Obamacare
B= More clients being on Medicaid
C= Planned Parenthood no longer receiving funding from federal organizations

16) This is an example of positive punishment because it involves the removal of something desirable.

17) http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/02/10/272997468/family-planning-squeezed-in-california-by-health-law
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/02/09/273145327/nuvaring-contraceptive-settlement-leaves-women-weighing-risks

18) Terms: extinction, target behavior, frequency, positive punishment, negative reinforcement, consequence

1) This article states that because of the state of Vermont's loose gun laws and problem with opiate addiction, drug dealers are accepting payment for drugs with guns because they can then in turn traffic them to other states with more strict gun laws and sell them for even more money. The article gives an example of a woman who illegally purchased $400 worth of guns and exchanged them for $500-$700 worth of crack cocaine.

2) The target behavior in this "illegally purchases guns"

3) The consequence of this behavior is "receiving more drugs"

4) This consequence will increase the target behavior because the woman in the article is receiving more drugs than what the guns she exchanged them for were worth.

5) In the case of the woman with a dependency problem, this consequence involves the addition of something desirable--crack cocaine.

6) The antecedent is Vermont's loose gun laws and strict gun laws in surrounding states.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Vermont's loose gun laws/strict laws in surrounding states
B=Woman illegally purchases guns to exchange for drugs
C=Receives more drugs than the guns are worth

8) This is an example of positive reinforcement because the consequence for the woman in the article is receiving more drugs than the guns she traded them for--in her case this is an addition of something desirable and will most likely increase the behavior of purchasing more guns to trade for drugs in the future.

The woman's addiction to crack cocaine is an establishing operation because it sets the stage for the reinforcement of receiving more drugs (something desirable) by illegally exchanging guns for them. Although there is a discriminative stimulus involved by means of the woman knowing what she is doing is illegal, the reinforcement of receiving drugs for her addiction outweighs the possible punishment involved with getting caught.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.

For your news I would like you to

9) In the second article I chose it states that North Carolina has cut its education budget so that tenure has been ended, raises have been frozen and there are no more grants for teachers who want to pursue a masters degree to improve their skills. This has led to less teachers wanting to teach in North Carolina and protests have caused the governor to begin working with members of the state's legislature to give teachers a raise next year. However, it is expected that there will be a mass exodus of teachers in North Carolina next year because of the budget cuts.

10) The target behavior in this article is cutting education funding.

11) The consequence of this behavior is teachers leaving the state for better paying jobs.

12) The consequence will most likely decrease the behavior of cutting education funding because not only are teachers leaving the state, but the governor is also the target of protests which leads to bad press when election time comes around.

13) This consequence involves the removal of quality educators because of the budget cuts and higher salaries in neighboring states.

14) The antecedent is the state of North Carolina's budget.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=North Carolina's budget cuts
B=Cut education funding
C=Educators leave the state

16) This is an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of something desirable--in this case quality educators.

17) Reinforcement article: http://www.npr.org/2014/02/11/275286577/straw-buyers-exchange-vermont-guns-for-east-coast-drugs
Punishment article: http://www.npr.org/2014/02/11/275368362/pay-cuts-end-of-tenure-put-north-carolina-teachers-on-edge

18) Terminology: antecedent, behavior, target behavior, consequence, positive reinforcement, negative punishment, establishing operation, discriminative stimulus

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,

My piece is about a new study on childhood obesity in Canada. Elementary school children who were encouraged by their older peers to get involved with healthy eating and physical fitness lost a more significant amount of weight compared to those kids who were encouraged by adults.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement

The target behavior in this story is getting the kids to engage in a healthier lifestyle

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

The consequence of this behavior is that more and more children will be eager to eat healthy and live active lifestyles, thus becoming healthier

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,

The consequence will make the kids feel better about themselves and feel healthier, making them want to exercise and eat healthier more often.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally

The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, the children being healthier and happier with themselves

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/12/peer-mentors-help-combat-child-obesity_n_4774714.html?utm_hp_ref=childhood-obesity

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent is the kids' peers helping them learn how to exercise and eat healthy

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Children's peers encourage kids to have positive lifestyles
B= Children lose weight
C= Children feel better about themselves and are healthier

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.

This is positive reinforcement since it has an addition of something desirable, help and encouragement from their peers

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece

This article covers the subject of poaching in South Africa. While law enforcement and worldwide wildlife preservation agencies are doing the best they can to protect rhinos and elephants from poachers, the rate of these animals being slaughtered climbs higher and higher every year. Conservation groups are meeting in London later this week to discuss proposals to help further protect these animals.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,

The target behavior is stopping poachers from killing anymore endangered wildlife

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence of this behavior would be fewer animal deaths and a growth in the rhino and elephant population

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior

The consequence will hopefully decrease the amount of animals being poached year by year with the new protection proposals being put to use

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally

The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable, adding heavier jail time for poachers and a closer eye on the animals being hunted

14) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent to this issue is animals being killed at alarming rates for their horns and tusks

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Rhinos and elephants being poached for their ivory
B= Wildlife preservation agencies cracking down harder on protecting the animals and adding heavier prison sentences to poachers
C= Less animals will be poached and the population will grow

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.

This is an example of positive punishment since they are using they addition of something undesirable to the poachers

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/02/11/275373491/for-elephants-and-rhinos-poaching-trends-point-in-wrong-direction

Terminology: antecedent, consequence, reinforcement, punishment, positive reinforcement, positive punishment

Reinforcement

1.This was an article found in the health section of NPR.ORG about how multiple studies have found that the people who eat whole-fat dairy products actually have an easier time losing weight. The conclusion is that whole-fat dairy products actually lead to less body fat.

2.The target behavior that illustrates reinforcement is eating whole-fat dairy products.

3.The consequence of this behavior is that you will most likely have an easier time losing weight and result in less body fat.

4.This consequence will increase the frequency of this behavior because losing weight is a reinforcer that most people would agree is positive. The more weight you lose, the more likely you are to do the weight-losing behavior (for most people.)

5.Therefore, this consequence involves the removal of something undesirable; extra body fat.

6.The antecedent is to want to lose weight.

7.A= Wanting to lose weight
B= Eating whole-fat dairy products
C= Losing weight

8.This is an example of positive reinforcement because we are introducing a desirable stimulus which is losing body fat. Most people want to lose weight, so eating whole-fat dairy products that help you lose weight is seen as a reinforcer.

I think that this example could demonstrate a generalized reinforcer. Losing weight is a generalized reinforcer because it clearly has reinforcing properties but can also acquire other reinforcers by losing weight. You can acquire compliments, extra attention, more self-confidence, a date, etc.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/12/275376259/the-full-fat-paradox-whole-milk-may-keep-us-lean

Punishment

9.This was a news article from BBC.CO.UK about how drug use and deaths are increasing. It mainly talked about how people that use prescription drugs more often are more likely to start using heroin. The article said that the number of heroin users in the US has doubled in the last five years and one reason is the rise and use of prescription drugs.

10.The target behavior in this article is using/abusing prescription drugs.

11.The consequence of this behavior is being more likely to use heroin.

12.This consequence will decrease the frequency of using prescription drugs (for most people) because they most likely don’t want to become addicted to heroin.

13.The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable; using heroin.

14.The antecedent is being a drug user

15.A= Being a drug user
B= Abusing prescription drugs
C= Becoming a heroin addict

16.This is an example of positive punishment because it’s adding something negative; becoming a heroin user

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26067987

Target behavior, reinforcement, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, generalized reinforcer, positive punishment

1) Scientist are studying the effects of THC and Skipping a meal and how they both effect our sense of smell

2) Sense of Smell and being high

3) being hungry

4) the consequence to skipping a meal or getting high both trigger the brain receptors that make us hungry

5) the consequence adds a increase in our ability to smell food and be hungry

6)the antecedent is skipping a meal or getting high

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=skipping a meal/ getting high
B=high sense of smell
C=find food to eat

8) This is an example of positive reinforcement because you have a better sense of smell and are more likely to find food to eat

This is an example of establishing operation because skipping a meal or getting high both elicit your sense of smell and you are more likely to participate in these activities again.

9)This article was on passing a law in England that would ban smoking in your car while a child is present. The ban if passed could take effect by 2015

10)The target behavior is smoking in your car while a child is present

11) The consequence of the behavior would be being fined

12)By having to pay a fine(punishment) every time you are caught emitting the behavior of smoking while a child is in your car. You should be less likely to smoke

13) the consequence is added on, the fine

14)Driving in car with kids

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=driving in car with kids
B=Smoking
C=fine

16) This is an example of negative punishment because you are having to pay a fine because of the behavior you emit

17)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-26133374

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/10/274660785/munchies-neuroscience-why-the-scent-of-a-burger-gives-us-a-high

18)consequence,antecedent,positive reinforcement,establishing operation, elicit, target behavior,punishment,negative punishment, emit

1.briefly describe/summarize your piece.
My article is about Atlanta officials warning people about a winter storm that is coming. They told people in the area to stay off the roads until the storm passes to avoid a traffic mess that happened when the last storm went through. It was mainly aimed at truckers passing through the Atlanta area.

2.tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement
The target behavior is staying off the roads near Atlanta.

3.tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence is that people will not be stranded on the road.

4.tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior
This will increase the frequency of staying off the roads in bad weather because people will stay safe and not be stranded on the roads. Being stranded on the roads is something that is undesirable and by staying off the roads people can avoid it.

5.tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable
The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable, being stranded on the road.

6.tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent is the winter storm.

7.Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= winter storm
B=staying off the roads
C=not being stranded on the road

8.Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement because it involves the removal of something undesirable. The big snow/ice storm that hit Atlanta at the end of January is acting as an establishing operation for those who were stranded on the road during that storm.

9.briefly describe/summarize your piece
My second news article is about Missouri football player Michael Sam announcing he is gay. Michael Sam is an NFL draft prospect. Several interviews by sports illustrated of NFL coaches and scouts reveled that coming out as being gay has hurt Michael Sam’s draft prospects.

10.tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment
The target behavior was Michael Sam emitting that he was gay.

11.tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence is that Michael Sam’s draft prospects have been hurt significantly.

12.tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior
By hurting his draft prospects college athletes will be less likely to announce that they are gay before the draft takes place. Michael Sam will also have to face lots of negative reactions from players and some in the media.

13.tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable
The consequence involves the removal of something desirable, Sam being projected as a mid-draft pick.

14.tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent is being a gay football player.

15.Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Being a gay football player
B= Michal Sam announcing that he is gay
C= lowered draft stock

16.Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why
This is an example of negative punishment because it involved the removal of Sam’s 3-4 round draft prospects.

17. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/02/10/274598589/avoid-atlanta-until-storm-passes-governor-tells-truckers

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-26127936

18.Terms used: consequence, target behavior, undesirable, antecedent, negative reinforcement, establishing operation, desirable, negative punishment, emitting

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This news piece is about the FBI making a limited time offer at 12 of its offices in the nation from Albuquerque and Los Angeles to New York, and Washington D.C. This is for the next 60 days if you help them catch someone aiming a laser pointer at a plane, they will offer you up to $10,000.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement.
The target behavior is helping the FBI catch people aiming the laser pointer at the plane
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence is receiving up to $10,000.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior.
The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because having the reward of money will help motivate someone to aid in catching those people that are aiming laser pointers toward the plane.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable.
This involves the addition of something desirable.
5) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is people are aiming laser pointers at airplanes.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=People aiming laser pointers at airplanes
B=Help catch people aiming the pointers
C=Getting $10,000
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something desirable. It involves extinction because the FBI is only offering this reward for the next 60 days, therefore even if someone were to find people pointing the lasers, they will not get the same reward. Therefore, the motivation to help will most likely decrease after these 60 days.
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about this story of a lady who had served her time in jail and although she is out of jail now and working 30 hours at a restaurant and volunteering at organizations that help people overcome addictions and a third that provides arts programs to teens. She owes about $8,000 from her drug charges and interest and unfortunately if she does not pay what they ask her to pay each month, she may end up back in jail.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
Not paying money back for charges
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Going back to jail
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
Going back to jail is something that is not pleasurable and therefore will decrease the frequency of her not paying for her charges.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable.
The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is having fees from drug charge and interest
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Having fees
B= not paying your fees
C=go back to jail
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because it involves the addition of something that is undesirable (going back to jail).
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/02/11/275522012/fbi-offers-cash-reward-to-catch-people-who-point-lasers-at-planes
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/12/debtors-prisons-report_n_4768320.html
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behavior, consequence, extinction, positive punishment, and positive reinforcement.

Reinforcement
For your news I would like you to

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about a doctor who walked six miles, from one hospital to another, in a snowstorm to perform emergency surgery to save a patient. The doctor believed that the patient would have died without the surgery.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior in this article is the doctor walking to the hospital during a snowstorm.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is the doctor saving the patient’s life.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
This consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because the surgery saved the patient’s life. The doctor would likely do this again in order to save another patient’s life.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable,
The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable, in this case it is the threat to the patient’s life.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the patient needing surgery.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= patient needs emergency surgery
B= doctor walks to hospital in a snowstorm
C= surgery saves patient

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement because the risk of the patient’s death was removed, or at least greatly reduced, by the doctor getting to the hospital and being able to perform surgery. The consequence in this case could possibly have been positive reinforcement because the doctor was praised for his actions. Many people would consider praise a pleasurable consequence. However, this particular doctor did not feel that he deserved to be praised for doing what a doctor should do, so for him praise does not have intrinsic value, therefore it is not a reinforcer in this case.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
I think that the establishing operation in this case was that the patient needed emergency surgery. This makes the reinforcer (removal of risk of death) more reinforcing because in an emergency the risk is greater than if the patient had good enough health to wait for a scheduled surgery. The antecedent elicited the walking behavior from the doctor. This is a topographical behavioral class because there are many reasons why he may have walked through a snowstorm. Someone who saw him may have thought he was walking because he was the one who needed help. About a mile from the hospital someone offered the doctor a ride. Besides walking, the doctor emitted a behavior of getting into someone’s car. Those two behaviors are functional behavioral classes because they both served the function of him getting to the hospital.

Article URL: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/01/31/269380564/brain-surgeon-walks-six-miles-through-storm-to-save-patient

Punishment
For your news I would like you to

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about how the former mayor of New Orleans took bribes after Hurricane Katrina. He then gave contracts to construction companies to be able to work in the city during the rebuilding process. He was recently convicted of corruption charges.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior in this article is taking bribes.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is being convicted of corruption.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will decrease the behavior because it will result in the mayor going to prison. After he gets out of prison he would likely decrease or stop taking bribes to avoid going to prison again.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable,
This consequence involves the removal of something desirable, which is freedom.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the companies wanting to be given work contracts.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= companies want work contracts
B= mayor accepts bribes
C= mayor is convicted of corruption

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of negative punishment because the mayor’s freedom, which is something desirable, is taken away when he goes to prison. Another example of how this could be a negative punishment is because it will likely ruin his career. Even if he gets out of prison it is unlikely that he will be able to hold office again.

Article URL: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-26164555

Terms: reinforcement, target behavior, consequence, undesirable, antecedent, negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, pleasurable, intrinsic, reinforcer, establishing operation, elicit, topographical, behavioral class, emit, functional, punishment, negative punishment, desirable

) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
URL : http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-26160251

The article I have chosen is about the civil unrest in The Central African Republic. WIth the murders of many Muslim citizens being targeted by a Christian group called the anti-balak. It summarizes how this persecution of these people who run and are in most of control of the countries food supply are now fleeing and moving to other neighboring countries. This leaving thousands of people without food.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The targeted behavior is stopping the killing of muslims in the CAR.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is people not being killed.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because by fighting the anti-balak people wont die. The more they try to stop this persecution the more people will be saved.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This is the addition of somethign desirable more troops to fight off the anti-balak to keep people safe.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is muslin CAR citizens needing protected.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Muslim CAR citizens need protected
B= Stopping Anit -Balak from killing Muslim CAR citizens
C= Stops persecution of thousands of people.

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of a positive reinforcement because it is adding something desirable to the situation to make it positive. The desirable thing would be bringing troops into CAR to help fight against the rebel group. This involves the extinction of a behavior of killing innocent people just because of there religion.

For your news I would like you to

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/11/wilbur-ross-1-percent_n_4769368.html?ir=Business

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about the how the 1 percent are being picked on because they are "too rich". Its mostly a satir piece but there is some real thoughts in in that people think this is really happening mostly the only the 1 percent though.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
1 percent being picked on for being too rich

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Consequence for this behavior is that people are getting mad because they are too rich or that the rich are being picked on for being to rich.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
More people that know about this big disparity income will want to change it and not make it so big. Which will influence the consequence of frequency of the behavior.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
It involves the removal of something desirable being the big income gap between the 1 percent and everything else.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
Rich are too rich

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Rich to rich being picked on
B= People want to change this huge gap
C= Rich are not being treated fairly because of it

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is a negative punishment for the 1 percent being made fun of or laws will be changing to not benefit them as much in the near future
Terms : target behavior,consequence, undesirable, negative and positive reinforcement, desirable, frequency

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
U.S. Scientists have been working on a project for over two decades to develop fusion. They announced today that they finally have been able to produce more energy from fusion reaction than the energy put into it. It is not a completed project, however it is a large milestone.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior would be the continuous attempt to produce nuclear fusion.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is the production of nuclear fusion on a greater scale than the energy put into it.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
Considering that this project has been going on for a couple decades, hitting a huge milestone like this will give them a flash at the bigger picture to know that they can eventually pull off the task at hand.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable,
The consequence involves the addition of something desireable, such as the production of the nuclear fusion.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be the need to produce an inexhaustible energy source.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= need of inexhaustible energy source
B= attempt to produce more than is being used
C= Succeed at attempt.

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why. This is an example of positive reinforcement because they have been working at this project for so long, and they finally got somewhere. The consequence of the behavior emitted will be that the research and attempts will continue.

For your news I would like you to

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
A teacher from Washington had been sending promiscuous pictures and having inappropriate relations with high school students. Someone called in an anonymous tip and she got caught.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
Teacher being inappropriate with students.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
She got caught and was arrested.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
Well she will be in jail and I am sure lose her teaching license. She will more than likely have learned her lesson and no longer pursue minors for relationships.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable
It would be the addition of something undesirable, jail.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The teacher having relations with students.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Teacher having relations with students.
B= She gets caught and turned in.
C= She gets arrested.

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This would be negative punishment because she will be going to jail, it is the addition of something negative.

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/12/fusion-energy_n_4775315.html?utm_hp_ref=green
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/10/teacher-meredith-powell_n_4760537.html?utm_hp_ref=mostpopular

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Target behavior, consequence, negative punishment, antecedent, behavior, positive reinforcement, emitted.

Reinforcement.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article is about the recent decision to raise the minimum wage for employees’ who work in restaurants and bars. Obama is trying to pass bill allowing the current wage, $7.25 an hour, to rise to $10.10 an hour and tipped workers, or people who work in restaurants and bars, would have their wages rise to $7.07 an hour. People argue, however, that with tips restaurant workers make the same amount as high income workers but on bad days a waiter/waitress may not be able to make it by. Studies show that higher wages will result in employees’ becoming more productive and since turnover rates would decrease then experience levels will go up. This has become a sensitive topic and a decision has yet to be made.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement
The target behavior is waiters and waitresses getting raises/getting paid more for working at lower paying jobs, restaurants.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence is waiters and waitresses will make more money to support themselves in in return will become more productive and less likely to lose employees.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior
The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because if restaurant employees receive higher wages then the productively level will rise as well.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, more productivity and less employee dropout for higher pay/raises.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is restaurants all around the US.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= restaurants
B= waitresses/waiter getting raises
C= becoming more productive and turnover drops
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This would be an example of positive reinforcement because it is the introduction to a desirable or pleasing stimulus, wage increase/raise, which would in turn increase the frequency of a response.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This article involves a discriminative stimulus which would be the law, in a way.
An establishing operation would probably be the raise to employees’ wages.
There isn’t really an extinction or extinction burst however.
Punishment.
For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece
In this article it has been reported that the number of death rates is increasing because of a new form of drugs or “legal high”. These drugs are meant to copy the effect of illegal substances such as cocaine and ecstasy but are different chemicals and therefore not protected under the law. These chemicals are called New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) and have been processed and packaged throughout China, India, and the UK. In the UK Richard Phillips became brain damaged after taking a type of legal high, a copycat of LSD.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment
The target behavior is Richard Phillips participating in the consumption of “legal high” drugs (New Psychoactive Substances) that copycat more serious and illegal drugs, in this example, LSD.
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence, unfortunately, was brain damage.
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior
The consequence, in this case, will decrease the frequency of the target behavior because since the consequence was brain damage Richard can no longer move or even breathe without assistance so therefore the target behavior, taking drugs, is no longer an option for Richard.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable
The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable, health problems/brain damage/
14) tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent is at a bar in the UK, Europe.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= at a bar/party
B= Richard talking the drugs
C= brain damage
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This would be an example of positive punishment because it is the addition of an aversive stimuli, brain damage, upon emitting a undesirable behavior, taking drugs.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Reinforcement: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/06/272469496/after-23-years-your-waiter-is-ready-for-a-raise
Punishment: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-26089126
positive punishment, aversive, stimuli, undesirable, behavior, antecedent, target behavior, consequence, positive reinforcement, desirable, discriminative stimulus, establishing operation, extinction, extinction burst

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
I found an article that summarized a study done on the effects of marijuana use. New findings from the University of Louisiana have found that there could possibly be a connection to a decrease in immune system problems related to HIV and the use of THC, the main ingredient in cannabis.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior in this situation would be the use of marijuana.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is the lessening of the immune system issues that come along with having HIV.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
HIV can be quite deadly. Since, the use of marijuana could reduce the death rate, more individuals with HIV would want to use marijuana.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves a possible smaller risk of death from HIV; therefore, it involves the removal of something undesirable.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Marijuana is available.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= marijuana being available
B= using marijuana
C= lower immune system problems from HIV
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This example is a negative reinforcement, because it is the removal of something undesirable (the removal of immune system problems).
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page(http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.
For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
The article I read talks about the fact that there are still countries in this world that have outlawed homosexuality. In these countries, people can even be imprisoned or put to death because of their sexuality.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is homosexuality since these countries are seeing homosexuality as a choice.
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is imprisonment or death.
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of this behavior will decrease the amount of people that will be openly gay due to fear of being persecuted.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence of this behavior is the addition of imprisonment, persecution, and even death; therefore, it is the addition of something undesirable.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is people having different sexualities.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= people having different sexualities
B=being openly gay
C= persecution
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because it is the addition of something undesirable.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terminology used: Behavior, consequence, antecentent, positive punishment, negative reinforcement.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2014/02/12/275907930/redefining-hollywood-diversity-makes-more-money

1. This article talks about how TV shows with more diverse casts are getting better ratings than shows without diverse casts.

2. The target behavior is using a diverse cast.

3. The consequence is that the show gets better ratings.

4. The show getting better ratings will cause the TV show to continue casting diverse groups of people.

5. This consequence involves the addition of something desirable.

6. The antecedent is needing to cast a TV show.

7.
A= needing to cast a show
B= casting a diverse group
C= ratings are better than other shows

8. This is positive reinforcement because there is the addition of something positive (increased ratings) that elicits an increase in the behavior because the stimulus is desirable. This has a high intrinsic value to the people in charge of the TV show.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/02/12/276160559/winter-storm-paralyzes-roads-in-north-carolina-despite-warnings

9. This article talks about people being stuck on the roads in North Carolina because of the snowstorm.

10. The target behavior is driving in bad weather.

11. The consequence is that the drivers are stuck on the roads indefinitely.

12. Being stuck in the snow will cause people to not want to risk driving next time the roads are bad.

13. This involves the addition of something undesirable.

14. The antecedent is bad weather.

15.
A= bad weather
B= people drive
C= get stuck on roads

16. This is positive punishment because it involves the addition of something bad. The introduction of this aversive stimulus causes the people to not want to drive in bad weather again.

Terms:
Target behavior, consequence, antecedent, behavior, positive reinforcement, elicit, punishment, reward, positive punishment, stimulus, desirable, intrinsic value, introduction, aversive stimulus

REINFORCEMENT
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
I chose the article “Scientists Count Whales from Space”. This is about a new method of counting whales that comes from high resolution satellite pictures from space, the first coming from Argentina. Before this method whale populations were counted from the shore, a deck, ship, or a plane. This method will revolutionize the way whale populations are estimated and will eventually be able to count other species of animals as well. This new method will help estimate the most accurate number of a species and help with endangered animals.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The behavior that illustrates reinforcement is taking satellite pictures of whales from space.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is getting a more accurate estimate of the number of animals in a species for those that are recovering from being endangered. This helps get a precise status on how well the species is doing over the years.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior
The consequence of getting better estimates to help populations will increase the target behavior because it gives the best idea about a species and the most accurate ways to help those endangered. It also gives researchers hope that it will work on other, smaller animals in the future because of its accuracy.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, which is the most accurate count of whales.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the near-extinct whale species.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=near-extinct whale species
B=taking pictures of whales with high resolution satellites from space
C=getting the most accurate count of whales

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it is the addition of something desirable, in this case getting the most accurate count of whale species to help them recover from near extinction.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This is an example of establishing operations because the accurate data received from the space satellites will encourage researchers to study other animals besides whales in the future. It changes the effectiveness of the stimulus as a reinforcer.

PUNISHMENT
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece
I chose the article “For Lower-Income Students, Snow Days Can Be Hungry Days”. It is about a school in rural Iowa, Laurens-Marathon Community School where 59% of the students qualify for free or reduced-price meals. Missing school because of snow days can affect the nutrition they need to be receiving, which in turn can affect their achievement and behavior in class. It also tells about how other schools are having the same problem because of the cold weather closing schools and many kids have to go those days without meals. In summary they said the best place for these students to be is in school so they can get a hot meal.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment
The behavior that illustrates punishment is the children missing school because of the bad weather.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is the children not getting a hot meal.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of the children not getting hot meals because of schools closing due to weather will make the school board reconsider cancelling school so the children are fed properly. So, the consequence will stop the school from cancelling classes as often.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of something desirable because it is removing children’s meals they receive throughout the day.

14) tell us what the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the bad weather.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=bad weather
B=Children missing school
C=Children not getting nutritious meals

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of negative punishment because it is the removal of something desirable—in this case the school lunches. It will cause the frequency of the behavior to decrease.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
Reinforcement: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26075274
Punishment: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/10/274899069/for-lower-income-students-snow-days-mean-hungry-tummies

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms: behavior, negative punishment, antecedent, consequence, behavior, establishing operation, reinforcement, positive reinforcement, reinforce, target behavior

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

'Mind-Boggling,' Historic Ice Storm Headed For Deep South. “"SIGNIFICANT ICE ACCUMULATION WILL PRODUCE DANGEROUS TRAVEL CONDITIONS. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO DRIVE OR WALK. ICE ACCUMULATION WILL DAMAGE TREES AND POWER LINES. IF YOU ENCOUNTER DOWNED POWER LINES ... DO NOT TOUCH THE LINES BECAUSE YOU COULD BE ELECTROCUTED. REPORT DOWNED POWER LINES TO LAW ENFORCEMENT OR THE POWER COMPANY. PREPARE TO REMAIN IN A SAFE SHELTER WITHOUT ELECTRICITY FOR MANY HOURS. OBTAIN VITAL SUPPLIES SUCH AS POTABLE WATER...NON-PERISHABLE FOOD...MEDICINE...BATTERIES...FLASHLIGHTS AND A BATTERY POWERED RADIO."”
The Weather Service goes on to warn that ice accumulation is expected Wednesday and Thursday across a wide swath of the Deep South that includes Atlanta, other parts of Georgia, Columbia, S.C., and up to Raleigh/Durham, N.C.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement
The target behavior is the warning the weather service issued.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence is that people do not travel.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior.
Since a specific consequence is not mentioned I can speculate that the consequence following the behavior, the warning, would be people not traveling during the bad weather.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the removable of something undesirable. What is being removed is the ability to travel, which is undesirable in bad weather.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the deep south mentioned, which includes Atlanta, other parts of Georgia, Columbia, S.C., and up to Raleigh/Durham, N.C.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= The deep south
B= Issued weather warning
C= People do not travel

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of a positive reinforcement. The warning is being added, positive. It is reinforcement because by producing the warning the more people that hear it, if they have common sense should stay off the roads, reinforcing the behavior of issuing said warning. If the warning works and people do not travel then it increases the frequncy, those who issue warnings, to send warnings in the future.

Punishment.

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece.
According to members of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers, behavior among nursery school children is deteriorating and action is needed. Claims are made those children as young as three should be moved out of school nursery classes because of their bad behavior. Teachers claim the children need attention.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment.
Child kicking others.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The children are moved into special units with other children who exhibit similar behaviors.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior.
They need one-to-one attention to help them overcome their problems, and unlearn what they have learned. Once the children are removed from their environment and their learning focus changed the behavior should decrease.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The child with the undesirable behavior is placed, added, in a special unit.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The classroom is the antecedent

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Classroom
B= Child kicks others
C= Moved into special unit

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of negative punishment. The child is being removed from the classroom, negative. It is punishment because by removing the child from the classroom, placing them in a special unit, and re-teaching them, the behavior should ultimately decrease.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/02/11/275254157/mind-boggling-historic-ice-storm-headed-for-deep-south
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/1271886.stm

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Positive punishment, undesirable behavior, consequence, antecedent, target behavior, frequency, pleasurable, positive reinforcement

1) The More Than Yes message is meant to play on the No Means No rape awareness slogan. Canadian students formed this coalition campaign connected with other colleges around the providence. The ads feature often-noncommittal words such as "fine," "okay" and "sure" in small type, with the caption below reading: "If it's not loud and clear, it's not consent. It's sexual assault."

2) This article illustrates reinforcement through the promotion of the More Than Yes anti-rape campaign.

3) The consequence of the behavior is to inform coeds about their responsibility to receive clear consent from their partner, without coercion, before engaging in sexual activity.

4) The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because the more students that are informed the most awareness is brought to the anti-rape campaign.

5) The more Than Yes anti-rape campaign removes the subjectivity of consent.

6) The antecedent that inspired the creation of the More Than yes anti-rape campaign was the rising attention on studies that found 95 percent of sexual assaults involving students occurred between acquaintances.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= most sexual assaults involving students occurred between acquaintances.
B= promoting the More Than Yes anti-rape campaign.
C= inform coeds about their responsibility to receive clear consent from their partner, without coercion, before engaging in sexual activity.

8) I think the More Than Yes anti-rape campaign is an example of negative reinforcement because it is removing the uncertainty or “grey area” of consent.

9) Kent State wrestler Sam Wheeler decided to voice his homophobic opinion about the recent public outing of Missouri football player, and NFL draft pick, Michael Sam to his 445 followers on twitter. The head coach of the wrestling program Jim Andrassy released a statement expressing Sam Wheeler’s indefinite suspension. Kent State also released an apology statement.

10) The behavior that illustrates the need for a punishment was the public tweeting of homophobic slurs towards Michael Sam.

11) The consequence of the behavior was the indefinite suspension from the universities wrestling program.

12) This consequence will vicariously decrease the frequency of this behavior from other collegiate athletes for fear of indefinite suspension.

13) The consequence of indefinite suspension from the wrestling team, or possibly any extracurricular responsibilities, involves the removal of something desirable.
14) The antecedent was Michael Sam publicly came out as gay and could be the 1st openly gay NFL player

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Historic coming out of Division I college football player Michael Sam
B= Sam Wheeler Making homophobic tweets about Michael Sam
C= Sam Wheeler suspended indefinitely from Division I wrestling.

16) This article is an example of a negative punishment. Contingent upon the emitting of the undesirable trait (homophobic tweeting), this punishment removes a desirable stimulus (NCAA Wresting) indefinitely, with the goal to vicariously decrease the behaviors of other athletes.

17) Reinforcement: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/12/more-than-yes_n_4774615.html?utm_hp_ref=college
Punishment: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/11/sam-wheeler-suspended_n_4768838.html?utm_hp_ref=mostpopular

18) reinforcement, consequence, behavior, coercion, frequency, antecedent, negative reinforcement, punishment, vicariously, desirable, negative punishment, undesirable, stimulus.

1) This article talked about having a diverse set of actors in a movie or television show would bring in more viewers, because of the diversity, and with that it would bring in more revenue.
2) Bringing more diversity into shows
3) The consequence is getting more revenue
4) If they are getting more revenue, the behavior of adding diversity in the shows will increase
5) the consequence involves the addition of revenue
6) The antecedent is making shows
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Making shows
B= Bringing diversity in
C= Get more revenue
8) This is an example of positive reinforcement, because by getting the consequence of more revenue, it will be an incentive for producers to add diversity of actors into their show.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2014/02/12/275907930/redefining-hollywood-diversity-makes-more-money

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page(http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.
9) This article and video was about a man who was looking at children in a weird way. A father was walking with his daughter one morning and noticed and approached the man to see what he was doing, the man had his pants around his ankles in the car and was masturbating while looking at the child. The girl’s father punched the man and tried to get him out of the car, but the man took off and they haven’t found him. Now the father might be getting assault charges.
10) The behavior is the father punching the masturbating man. The target behavior would be for the man to stop masturbating, and also the father not to take matters into his own hands.
11) The consequence of the behavior is possible assault charge
12) The consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior because they man won’t want to get fines or jail time.
13) tell us if the consequence adds an undesirable consequence by an investigation and possibly getting an assault charge which could lead to fines and be added on his criminal record.
14) The antecedent is: On a walk guy masturbating while watching children
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= On a walk guy masturbating while watching children
B= Punching guy in car
C= Assault Charges
16) This is an example of positive punishment, because nothing is being taken away. They are adding a consequence of possibly getting assault charges for taking matters into his own hand and punching the man.
17) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/12/jeremy-clouse-oregon-punch-masturbator_n_4773770.html
18) Antecedent, behavior, consequence, target behavior, positive punishment, undesirable, positive reinforcement

REINFORCEMENT
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
-This story is about how vultures are actually saving us by stopping the spread of harmful diseases which spread through dead animals such as cattle. However, farmer having been implanting cattle with a drug which is poisoning the birds. This is causing a huge drop in their population.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
-The target behavior of this story would be the vultures eating the dead livestock.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
-The consequence of this behavior would be to raise the population of vultures.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
-Since the farmers are using a different drug which does not poison birds, the vultures will continue to eat the livestock and will not die from eating the dead livestock. This will raise the population of the vultures.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
-The consequence would be the addition of something desirable. We would be adding more vultures to the population by using a safer drug. Since the vultures are staying alive, they will continue to eat the dead livestock and stop the spread of harmful diseases.
6) tell us to the antecedent is
-The antecedent would be implanting cattle with a safe drug which is not poisonous to the birds.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Safe implant in livestock for vultures
B=Vultures eating the carcasses of cattle
C=Raise the population of vultures
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
-This would be an example of positive reinforcement since the vultures will be continuing to eat the livestock and will not be killed by a harmful drug, thus increasing their population. This would also be a establishing operations since the vultures will have a raise in their population thus saving us from diseases, they will continue to eat the dead livestock and farmers will continue to use the safer drug for birds.

PUNISHMENT
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece
-This is a story on the sudden snow in the south where it is causing vehicle accidents, power outage, and shortage on supplies such as milk.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
-The target behavior of this video would be driving fast on the highway.
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
-The consequence of the target behavior would be crashing due to snow.
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
-Since the South does not normally get snow, the people down there do not know how to drive in the snow, thus causing the crashes. This will decrease the drivers to drive fast on the highway and avoid car accidents due to the snow.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
-This would be the addition of something undesirable which would be the snow and/or car accident.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
-The antecedent for this story would be living in the South.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Living in the South
B=Driving fast on the highway
C=Crashing due to the snow
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why
-This would be an example of positive punishment since the addition of snow will decrease the target behavior which is driving too fast on the highway. Although this would also be a discriminative stimulus since when one lives in the snow they would have no reason to drive slow. They would not know how to drive in snow so their target behavior (driving fast on the highway) would be a result from their antecedent (living in the south.)
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-26165335
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140210-vultures-halting-killer-diseases

18) TERMS: punishment, antecedent, consequence, target behavior, undesirable, discriminative stimulus, positive punishment, positive reinforcement, establishing operations,

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
Since it is the middle of winter and the Olympics only come around once every four years I thought that it would appropriate to choice a news article about the Olympics. In this article it is one of many stories about an athlete’s Olympic journey. This story is about a Canadian speed skater that got his chance to compete for the medals just one day before the competition began. After all is hard work he won a silver medal for being the second best.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior is for the athlete to be the best at the sport and to compete for it against the best in the world.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior of being the best and winning is that you get a medal and you get to stand on the world stage and get praise and recognition of being the best.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of getting the medal and all the praise increasing the behavior of competing because they will want to get more medals to show off and they will want to obtain more praise from around them.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something that is desirable. The athlete is having an medal and praise be added into their life and it is what they worked so hard for years and years.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the Olympics games and the fact that they are in the world for everyone to see.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Olympics games
B= Competing to be the best athlete
C= Winning an Olympic medal and being praised
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because something desirable is being added. The medal is something they all work for and if they do the correct behavior a competing and being the best they will gain the medal.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This does not involve extinction because the behavior has always been reinforced is stilling being reinforced. So every four years the athlete get to compete for the medal and if they do the target behavior of being the best then they are always rewarded with a medal. An establishing operations is used in this example. The establishing operations is the fact that the Olympics are only every four years and they are on the world stage and that will make the reinforcer more effective because than they will get even more praise.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/theedge/2014/02/12/276047418/substitute-racer-takes-olympic-silver-in-sochi
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This piece is about how a painting was stolen a long time ago has been found and the thieves were caught and put into jail. The painting was one of Edvard Munch’s, a famous painting called The Scream. It was stolen back in 1994 from a Norwegian art museum. The way the painting was found is what makes the story interesting. It was found as a result of an undercover operation by British detectives.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is the get the thieves to stop stealing. In other words the target behavior is people obeying the law and following the rules.
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior of stealing is that the thieves are caught and put into jail.
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of being caught and put into jail will decrease the stealing behavior because being in jail will incarcerate them, confine, and will be on their permit recorded for the rest of their life.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable. They add being put into jail as something they didn’t want to happen to them because of how mad it is.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the painting being extremely valuable and being a public museum that is easy to break into.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Painting being worth a lot of money
B= Stealing the painting
C= Being caught and put into jail
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because jail is an aversive stimulus with the goal of decreasing the frequency of such a response. They add jail because it a bad place to be stuck in and it will decrease the likelihood of people committing crimes that put them in jail.
17) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26128595
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
target behavior, consequence, positive punishment, aversive stimulus, antecedent, consequence,

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is a local article. It is about the 6 day old baby who was found alive outside. The mother called the cops and the cops were able to find the baby and arrest the suspect.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
Calling the cops is the target behavior.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of calling the cops was the mother getting her baby found.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
Because the cops were able to help in the time of crisis the mother is reinforced to call the cops when another crisis occurs.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
It is the addition of something desirable. It is getting her baby returned to her.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent was the baby missing from the crib
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= The baby missing
B=Mother calling the cops
C=Baby returning to mom
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why. This is positive reinforcement because the mother received something desirable when she was emitted the behavior of calling the cops.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This does not involve extinction because during a time a crisis we call that cops. The establishing operation would strengthen the consequence because it is the return of the baby that is the consequence.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page(http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.
For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
I am using the same piece. This is the siser kidnapping the baby and then getting arrested.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior would be kidnapping the baby
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is getting arrested
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
Getting arrested will keep her away from being able to kidnap, as well as when the sister gets out of jail she is less likely to try again because she will be arrested and put in jail longer if she does try it again.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
It is both. It takes away being in society, but it adds being in a institution that controls your every move.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Wanting a baby
B= Kidnapping a baby
C=Getting arrested
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is both. It is positive punishment because it is the addition of jail, and someone controlling your entire day. It is negative because it is removing being in society and taking away all the friends and family this person has
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.kwwl.com/story/24656344/2014/02/06/west-branch-woman-arrested-in-connection-with-missing-wis-baby
18) Target behavior, ABC, Positive reinforcement, Positive punishment, negative punishment, emit, extinction, establishing operation

1. I decided to research on an article that had to with college since not only am I experiencing this wonderful thing I call school, It is also an issue that always has controversy about the benefits of going or not going. This is a report that shows college being an expensive thing but with statistics and studies, it also shows that in the long run students that go to college have a better shot of being successful in life compared to students who don’t. Yes, it puts a lot of people in debt and no job is guaranteed, but it has seemed to be more favored and beneficial to go to school; students have seemed to weight the costs with their success within their field of studies. This article also discusses how it might cost students who go to college, but it has the same effect on students who don’t go because they are missing a greater opportunity in life by not attending. The cost is high for students who chose to opt out of college as well.
2. I feel like the target behavior that illustrated reinforcement of this article would be, attending a college/University.
3. The consequence of the behavior, attending a college, would be being in debt and realizing that that’s how life works and accepting that the debt will eventually need to be paid off, but by weighing out the positives that comes with debt. (Wasn’t quite sure on this one!?) It would also be that uneducated people would receive less money in the work place?
4. The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior to attend college, when people with degrees are getting hired first hand or over other people who don’t have degrees. When these people are getting the better opportunity to be considered for the job compared to someone who doesn’t have a degree; they have the advantage.
5. It involved the addition of something desirable because students who get college degrees have a better chance of getting a job and a higher income compared to people who do not go to college.
6. The antecedent would be college educated students compared to non-college educated people in the US. Facts that show this relationship and benefit?
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= determining if one should go to college or not?
B= attends a college or University
C= receives a better job and more pay
8. This is an example of a positive reinforcement because by getting a degree, these students have a better opportunity at getting a job and more money. Money and a better job being the reinforcement.
9. For my next piece, I decided to do the article about car seats since I have many friends who are now having babies and this is a serious matter regardless. I babysit and I am always worried about their safety and their car seat being installed in my car properly. This article is about how a company that produces car seats have been recalled because they were deemed to be unsafe for children/babies. There was a fault in the buckle system that had been putting these children at serious risk.
10. The target behavior of this article would be the company making car seats that are deemed defective.
11. The consequence of defective car seats would be, putting babies/children in danger while being in these car seats, and lawsuits as well (I think).
12. The consequences of putting children at risk and lawsuits will decrease the production of the car set that this specific company is selling.
13. The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable because the behavior of making defective car seats, turns into the consequence of putting a small life in danger.
14. The antecedent would be putting a child/baby in a car, which someone will drive. (Or would it just be the car?)
15. Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= the car
B= the making of defective car seats
C= putting children/babies in serious, potential, danger, and/or a lawsuit.
16. This would be an example of positive punishment because by punishing the behavior of making defective car seats, more children are not put in danger, which is an undesired behavior. By stopping the behavior, the consequence of danger to children decreases.
17. (1): http://www.npr.org/2014/02/11/275297408/going-to-college-may-cost-you-but-so-will-skipping-it
(2): http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/02/11/275506262/graco-recalls-nearly-3-8-million-child-car-seats
18. Positive Reinforcement, Antecedent, Consequence, Behavior, Target Behavior, Desirable Behavior, Undesirable Behavior

A.S

What we would like you to do is to continue applying what we are learning in class to real world matters. Some might ask, "What good is learning psychology if we can't apply it to real world matters?" So that is what we are going to do with this week's topical blog assignment.

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.

For your news I would like you to

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This is about people climbing mount everest. They are supposed to bring back down 18 pounds of trash every time they climb which is what they are expected to bring up. If they do not, they lose there $4000 deposit.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrate
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement, Picking up the trash they dropped, or just never dropping it.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Getting your $4000 deposit returned.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
If you get your money returned, that people who litter do not get back, you are more likely to keep your trash packed up in order to get a refund.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
Addition of $ which is something desirable.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Climbing Mount Everest.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Climbing mount Everest
B=Cleaning up after yourself
C=Refunded $4000 deposit.

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why. This is positive reinforcement because you are receiving something desirable. that will reinforce your behavior.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This is involving establishing operations because knowing that you are doing something better than others, and helping the world at the same time will make the act and the $4000 seem all that much more worth it.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.

For your news I would like you to

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This is an article about the "caged kids case" where 11 kids were found in an ohio home sleeping in cages. The case just was settled last week where the adoptive mother and father had to pay 2 million dollar settlement and the county had a 1.2 million dollar settlement for placing those children in that home without thoroughly checking it out first.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment, Making children sleep in cages

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
2 million dollar settlement, losing their money, their belongings, and 2 years of there lives to prison sentence.
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
Well because they will have no money or home, they will not be able to adopt any more children and will not be able to commit that behavior.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
Removal of something desirable, money.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
Child adoption.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=adoption
B=forcing kids to sleep in cages
C=losing 2 million dollars.

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
Negative punishment because they are removing something desirable, which is money.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/03/04/285722202/nepal-cracks-down-on-messy-everest-climbers

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/03/04/285660853/-2-million-settlement-closes-ohios-caged-kids-case

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post. punishment, reinforcement, positive , negative, establishing operations

Reinforcement.
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece:
This article informs the reader about the newest update available from Apple in regards to their iPhones. According to this article the newest update broke previous record sales and has sold over 10 million iPhones over this past weekend.

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement:
The target behavior that is being reinforced in this article is the updating of the iPhone.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is:
The consequence of updating the iPhone is Apple sold 10 million iPhones breaking the previous records.

4) Tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior:
As Apple updates the iPhone, the users will continue to buy their products. When the consumers emit a purchasing behavior, this elicits Apple to continue creating newer versions. The more phones bought equals more profit for Apple.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable:
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, sales and profit increases.

6) Tell us what the antecedent is:
The antecedent involves having a well-known, well-selling product. This antecedent is a discriminative stimulus. If the iPhone was not as popular, the consequence would not have been positive. Updating an unpopular product would elicit the loss of profit.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior:
A= Having a well-known, well-selling product
B= Updating iPhone
C= Selling 10 million iPhones and breaking previous record sales.

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement, explain why:
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it includes the addition of something desirable, sales and profit increases. When Apple updates their product this elicits the consumers to buy the newest model. And by doing so this reinforces Apple to continue the target behavior.

Punishment.
9.) Briefly describe/summarize your piece:
This article informs the reader about the Banned Book Week that occurs every year. The top three reasons books become banned is because the book contains violence, curse words, and/or sexual content. It went on to say Fifty Shades of Gray has been frequently banned in many libraries. In 2013, one of the top banned books was the Captain Underpants series because of too much toilet humor. The book that is article focuses on is called, It’s Perfectly Normal. It is a sex education book for youth.

10.) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment:
The target behavior that is being punished in this article is writing about “inappropriate” topics.

11) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is:
The consequence of writing about “inappropriate topics” is that your work will not be sold or available in libraries or other professional settings. The target behavior, in some settings, may be going through extinction. In the case of the Captain Underpants series, the books used to be allowed to be read. Some libraries have banned the books. By banning the books, this elicits the author to experience extinction. The target behavior that was one reinforced, is no longer reinforced.

12) Tell us how the consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior:
The lack of sales or profit may elicit the author to choose to write about more appropriate topics in the future.

13) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable:
If the author’s book is placed on the banned books list, it will decrease sales. With this consequence it involves the removal of something desirable because sales/recognition is two of the main desired outcomes of writing a book.

14) Tell us what the antecedent is:
The antecedent involves being in a library or other professional setting. This antecedent is a discriminative stimulus. In any other setting, or age group, an “inappropriate” book may be desirable.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior:
A= In a library or other professional setting.
B= Writing an “inappropriate” book
C= Not allowed to display work in libraries

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, explain why.
This is an example of negative punishment. The “inappropriate” context of the book elicits a negative valance upon the libraries. The libraries then emit a punishment by placing the book on the banned book list. By doing so, this decreases the likelihood the author will write another book if the sales of their work is also decreased.

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
Reinforcement Article Link:
http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-apple-iphone6-breaks-record-20140922-story.html
Punishment Article Link:
http://www.npr.org/2014/09/21/350366435/it-may-be-perfectly-normal-but-its-also-frequently-banned

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behavior, elicit, consequence, antecedent, discriminative stimulus, negative valance, emit, punishment, positive reinforcement, extinction, negative punishment.

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, Louisiana Judge: State's Same Sex Marriage Ban Unconstitutional. This article states that the law is unconstitutional and violates equal protection rights.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement, The target behavior is allowing same sex marriage
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, The LGBT community will be treated equally.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior, The more states that allow gay marriage, the more likely other states will join.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable. I think it removes something undesirable in the way of it removed the law of them not being able to be recognized as a couple.
6) tell us to the antecedent is. Being recognized as a married couple.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Being recognized as a married couple.
B= Louisiana realizes ban is unconstitutional
C= Couple is recognized as a married couple.
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why. I think this is positive reinforcement because they are now seen as a legally married couple and nothing was taken away.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece, ISIS releases a new video of the captured journalist John Cantile after the airstrikes on Syria.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment, The airstrikes on Syria
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, Another person could be killed.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior, If there are more airstrikes that could lead to more deaths.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, I think it removes something desirable and that would be life.
14) tell us to the antecedent is. Airstrikes
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Airstrikes
B= More ISIS videos
C= Lead to more deaths
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why. This is negative punishment because it involves the removal of something desirable.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post. Antecedent, behavior, negative punishment, positive reinforcement, consequence, removal.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/23/louisiana-same-sex-marriage-ban_n_5863866.html
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/23/james-cantlie-video-isis-vietnam_n_5867400.html

Reinforcement

1. Briefly describe/summarize your piece
Justin Mccowan is a man with down syndrome. Justin wanted to help researchers find a treatment for alzheimers. A lot of people that have down syndrome will develop alzheimers by the time they reach 60. A drug that could delay alzheimers in down syndrome patients could possibly help the rest of the world too. The reason Justin wanted to help was because his close friend Maria has Alzheimers.

2. What was the target behavior?
The target behavior is Justin Mccowan wanting to help find a treatment for Alzheimers.

3. What was the consequence of the behavior?
The consequence of the behavior is positive. Justin is willing to go through blood tests and brain scans to help fid a treatment.

4. The consequence of the behavior is something desirable. The behavior will increase peoples willingness to help out with the research to find a treatment.

5. The consequence will add something desirable because Justin is volunteering to help researchers find a treatment for Alziheimers.

6. The antecedent is Justin has down syndrome and people will down syndrome are prone to get Alziheimers by the time they reach the age of 60. By Justin volunteering himself for research is the antecedent.

7. A= Justin having down syndrome and volunteering to help with the research
B= Justin helping for a month long study
C= blood tests and brain scans

8. This story is an example of positive reinforcement because Justin is doing something desirable by signing up for research on Alziheimers.

Punishment

9. Briefly describe/summarize your piece.
A young boy either jumped into the tigers cage or he accidently slipped and fell. When the young boy landed in the tigers cage the tiger attacked him for a good 10-15 minutes. The little boy was drug around by the tiger, no one jumped into the cage to help the boy. By the time help arrived it was too late the boy was dead.

10. The target behavior of this story is the young boy jumping into the tigers cage and it costing him his life.

11. The consequence of the boy being killed by the tiger will make other people not want to jump into the tigers cage either, making this behavior undesirable.

12. The consequence of the boy being killed by the tiger will increase the likelihood that this will happen again.

13. The consequence of the boy dying from the tiger attacking him involves the removal of something desirable you don't want this kind of behavior to happen again.

14. The antecedent was the boy jumping into the tigers cage.

15. A= the boy jumping into the tigers cage
B= the tiger attacks the boy
C= the boy dies

16. This is an example of negative punishment. The boy jumping into the tigers cage caused the tiger to attack and kill him.

17. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29325778
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/09/23/350678572/death-cuts-short-the-life-of-an-alzheimers-research-volunteer

18. Terms used: Positive reinforcement, negative punishment, desirable, undesirable, increase and decrease.

REINFORCEMENT
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece.
I chose an article about different individuals who have tattoos and are denied jobs and promotions just because they have tattoos all over their bodies. It shares each of their stories and the emotional toll it plays on them.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement
The target behavior is the employers of the certain businesses saying no to having tattoos in the workplace.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior would be losing your job/not getting a promotion due to your tattoos.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior
The consequence will lead to less people getting tattoos if they want to get jobs. It is stressed in this article that if you have tattoos you are less likely to get the job/promotion. This is going to reduce the amount of employees that have tattoos.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally.
The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable. The ‘item’ that is being removed in this situation would be employees with tattoos.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be the workplace. (the workplace affects their likelihood of getting a tattoo)

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=the work place
B=employees that have their tattoos exposed in the work place
C=getting fired/losing promotions

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This would be an example of negative reinforcement because the employees lose their jobs because of their tattoos being exposed in the workplace.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This would be an example of establishing operations. The event that the employees will continue to get tattoos will decrease because the employers will fire them from their job. This article also portrays the extinction burst. Employers have all of the sudden increased their policy when it comes to tattoos in the workplace, which increased the amount of employees that got laid off. This increased the response frequency. Eventually the undesirable behavior (getting tattoos) was extinct.

PUNISHMENT

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article was about a young man who leapt over a railing to get into the tiger enclosure at the Delhi Zoo or he slipped and fell. They are pretty sure he jumped over the railing. The tiger drug the man around for quite some time. Some little kids threw sticks and stones at the tiger in attempt to help the man. It was too late before help came; the young man was killed by an Indian white tiger.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment.
The target behavior would be the boy jumping over the railing right inside the tiger enclosure.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior would be death. This behavior cost the man his life.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior.
The consequence will decrease the frequency of anyone jumping into the tigers’ cage. After a man getting ripped alive by this giant tiger, I do not think anyone will attempt to do the same thing after hearing this horror story.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of something desirable. The man getting killed by the tiger, removed him. Nobody wants this type of behavior to occur again!

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be the young man visiting the zoo.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= the young man visits the zoo
B=the young man jumps into the tiger enclosure
C= white tiger kills the man

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This would be an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of something desirable. (the young man) His family lost a beloved son because of this attack. It will definitely decrease the behavior from happening again because people will watch the news and find out what tragic event happened at that zoo. Nobody would want the same thing to happen to them.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29211526
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29325778

18)
Terminology:
Antecedent, behavior, consequence, reinforcement, undesirable behavior, stimulus, extinction burst, establishing operations, negative reinforcement, punishment, extinction, elicit, negative punishment, undesirable stimulus.

1. My piece talks about the fight to save the climate. More specifically it talks about the fight that the Chinese are starting to put up to reduce its emissions.

2. The target behavior in this piece that I am using to illustrate reinforcement is the reduction in emissions in China.

3 The consequence is the air in and around their country and the globe cleaner and easier to breathe.

4.If China is reinforced with the clean air or even a secondary reinforcer like money they will be pushed to clean their air up even more.

5.The consequence is an addition of something pleasurable that means that it is positive reinforcement. They will have cleaner air to breathe and that will help reduce some health problems in their country.

6. The antecedent is they are one of the worlds largest producers of emissions in the world, this makes their air very dirty.

7.
A- They are one of the worlds largest producers of pollution emissions.
B- They are trying to reduce emissions in their country.
C- they will have fresher air that will lead to healthier people.

8. This is an example of positive reinforcement because it is the addition of something pleasurable that will increase the frequency of the behavior.

This article does involves an establishing operation. Because it is a global problem the pollution reduction will be rewarded by the world if China emits a reduction is it's emission reduction.This makes it more reinforcing to reduce the amount of emissions they get rid of. The state that the environment is in could also be a discriminative stimulus that elicited the response to lower their emissions.

9. The article that I am using to illustrate punishment is about the "War on drugs". It talks about other ways that we could be handling the drug situation in our country.

10. The target behavior that I am using is the use of illicit drugs.

11. The consequences as of now is varying lengths in prison.

12. This consequence will reduce the use of illicit drugs because people do not like the reduction of their freedom to come and go as they please.

13. The punishment in this article could be viewed as positive punishment, the addition of restrictions on the users freedoms. Then it could also be viewed as negative punishment because they are taking away their freedom and freedom is a pleasurable thing. But for the sake of this blog I will say it is an example of the subtraction of something pleasurable.

14. People want to escape from their situations so they turn to illicit drugs.

15.
A- People wanted to escape their situation
B-using illicit drugs
C- Varying lengths of prison time.

16. This is an example of negative punishment because it is a subtraction of something pleasurable to reduce the target behavior of using illicit drugs.

17. #1-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/23/china-coal_n_5866762.html
#2-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tony-newman/drug-users-policy_b_5870022.html

18. Terms used- Target behavior, reinforcement, consequence,reinforced, secondary reinforcer,establishing operation,emits,elicited,discriminative stimulus,positive reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment,

1) This article is about a photographer whose pictures of a husky and kitten help them, along with many other animals in the shelter, find new homes.

2) The target behavior that is being emitted here is the photographer taking pictures of the husky and kitten together.

3) The consequence of the behavior is more people adopting animals from the shelter in order for them to have good homes and families. The husky and kitten that were photographed also were adopted into good homes.

4) The consequence increases the behavior because the shelter wants to provide these animals with good homes. The pictures of the kitten and dog together were so cute that the photographer wants to take more to spread the word of these poor animals with out homes. The more pictures the photographer takes, it will spread the word of the animal shelter and more people will want to adopt the animals or possibly volunteer there.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something desirable because the family, and loving home, is being added to the animal. It could also be seen as the animal is being added to the new family.

6) The antecedent is the idea the photographers friend had to pose the kitten with the dog. This elicited the behavior for the photographer to take pictures of the two animals as a way to get more press to the animal shelter.

7)
A-The assistant has the idea to pair the husky and kitten together.
B-The photographer takes pictures of the animals.
C-The animals get adopted.

8) I think this is positive reinforcement because the animal is being added to a new home. And the family is being added to the animals life. Also, this added more customers to the animal shelter to help with the animals getting adopted. The addition of something pleasurable in order for the behavior to continue is what makes this positive reinforcement.

9) The second article is about a man named Jozef Wesolowski. He was a high ranking official in the Vatican who is being held under house arrest for the sexual abuse of young boys while he was in the Dominican Republic.

10) The target behavior being emitted is the sexual abuse from the ex-envoy.

11) The consequence of this behavior is losing his position in the Vatican and being held under house arrest.

12) The consequence will decrease the behavior because Wesolowski is losing his job and is confined to his home. The punisher is the house arrest, and it will decrease the likely hood of the target behavior.

13) The punishment is removing something desirable because he is losing his job and his freedom.

14) The antecedent is Wesolowski being stationed in the Dominican Republic.

15)
A- Wesolowski is stationed in the Dominican Republic.
B- Wesolowski sexually abuses some of the Dominican children.
C- Wesolowski loses his position in the church.

16) I believe this is negative punishment because because it is taking away something enjoyable like his job working for the Vatican and his freedom.

17)
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/23/husky-and-kitten_n_5867720.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-28936432

18) Terms: target behavior, emit, elicit, consequence, consequence, negative punishment, positive reinforcement

1)briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article discusses how social media helped India’s flood victims get the materials they needed. There was a flood in Jammu and Kashmir in early September, leaving 277 people dead so far. But on the positive side, 200,000 people have been rescued. Raheel Khursheed, director of news, politics, and government at Twitter India, set up a process so that people could get the resources they needed while in the flood. He started a hashtag on Twitter that let people state what area they were in and what items were needed there. Social media helped raise awareness for the flood and helped get people and companies to help donate relief resources.

2)tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior is the flood victims utilizing the hashtag that Khursheed came up with and sending tweets with this hashtag.

3)tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of using the hashtag is that they will receive relief materials.

4)tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of receiving relief materials will increase the frequency of using the hashtag because they were in need of the acquired materials. Khursheed wants people to use the hashtag and spread it on, so everyone can receive assistance. People are likely to elicit the response of spreading the hashtag when they realize they can receive benefits from it.

5)tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable. When using the hashtag, the people will receive materials they need while stuck in the flood.

6)tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is people stuck in a flood.

7.) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= People stuck in a flood
B= Use the hashtag “#jkfloodrelief”
C= People receive assistance and materials in the flood

8.)Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it introduces a desirable stimulus. The desired stimulus is the materials they receive to help in the flood. The materials they receive could be primary reinforcers because they can be items like water and food. The hashtag would be considered to have broad value, not limited value, because it will not wear off quickly. It can be used for many different people to deliver messages for many people’s needs. This also involves establishing operations. The reinforce (the materials provided) becomes more reinforcing when they see others they know receiving the materials. They can see on Twitter that others are getting materials, so they feel that they deserve materials as well.

PUNISHMENT

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article discusses how Sulaiman Abu Ghaith has been sentenced to life in prison. He was Osama Bin Laden’s son-in-law and a very high-ranked al-Qaeda figure. He was committed to doing whatever it took to kill Americans during the 9/11 attack time. He went through trial in the US and is now sentenced to life.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is Sulaiman Abu Ghaith taking a leadership role in the planning of 9/11 and doing whatever it took to kill Americans.
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of his behavior was that he faced trial and was sentenced to life in prison.
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of being sentenced to life in prison will decrease the frequency of the behavior because he will literally have no way to help kill Americans. He will be in prison for the rest of his life. This is aversive because it is doubtful that he desires to spend the rest of his life in prison.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable. The addition is being placed in prison. He must go to prison for the rest of his life as punishment.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is being part of the al-Qaeda.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Being a member of the al-Qaeda
B= Taking part in the planning of 9/11 attacks
C= Sentenced to life in prison
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment. It is positive punishment because it introduces an aversive stimulus: receiving a life sentence in prison. This punishment is abrupt and definitely stops the operant behavior of killing Americans. According to the book, the two best tools for modifying someone’s behavior are extinction and positive reinforcement. However, when a person is a threat to society, waiting to use reinforcement is not an option. Punishment is more abrupt, and it was necessary to use punishment to protect the people of our country and other countries.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/goatsandsoda/2014/09/19/349868432/social-media-gets-the-right-stuff-to-indias-flood-victims

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-29331395

Terms: behavior, target behavior, consequence, elicit, broad value, limited value, desirable, ABC’s, positive reinforcement, primary reinforcers, establishing operations, aversive, positive punishment, operant behavior, extinction

1) Okay, so India sent out its very first satellite to orbit Mars and it succeeded on their very first attempt- which is pretty incredible! They’re the 4th country to do so behind US, Russia, and Europe. The most amazing part of the whole thing is that this took one attempt.
2) Sending a satellite into orbit is the target behavior.
3) The consequence was the success of sending the satellite into orbit.
4) Because the team is feeling successful, prideful, and excited, they’re more likely to try again with the something of the same type of magnitude.
5) The consequence is the addition of something desirable. They’re being reinforced due to the fact that their satellite was successful.
6) The antecedent would be the desire to send a satellite into orbit.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Desire to send a satellite into orbit
B= Sending a satellite into orbit
C= Satellite successfully orbits Mars
8) This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something desirable- success. This success will elicit positive thinking and desire for more success.
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28268186
This doesn’t currently involve extinction, but it could at some point. If the team all of a sudden really started sucking and their projects started blowing up all over the place, there’s going to be a real problem and there will be extinction of the reinforcement to send out satellites. I think it’s also important to discuss context in this case. Context often dictates whether or not a primary or secondary reinforcer will actually have reinforcing properties. If the team members are all really negative people, this isn’t going to be reinforcing. The team could also become satiated and this would no longer apply. If the team experiences success after success, they might not feel a lot of reinforcing properties from their success.
9) This clip from NPR illustrates the ongoing conflict between banned books and the people that wish to keep the books in the library for kids to read. Books that come into question here are those that are particularly violent, question authority, main characters are naughty, the plot is not socially acceptable, etc. This clip focused on the comic books in particular.
10) The target behavior in this article that I wanted to highlight is that of the people trying to ban the books. The target behavior is to get the book of question out of the library.
11) The consequence of this behavior is children will no longer be able to read these “naughty” books or books that may be violent, question authority, etc.
12) This consequence decreases the behavior of children reading these types of questionable material.
13) This involves the addition of something aversive. The book is banned. This would really stink for an author and as was stated in the clip, the author was a little distressed by it all. Afterall, he was writing a comic book- there’s bound to be a little violence.
14) The antecedent is reading a “bad” book.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Reading a bad book
B= Getting the book banned
C= No longer available for kids to read
16) This is an example of positive punishment because it refers to the addition of something aversive- the banning of a book.
17)http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=350881667&m=351074998&live=1
TERMS: Target behavior, behavior, consequence, antecedent, the ABC’s, positive punishment, punishment, reinforcement, positive reinforcement, extinction, context, elicits, aversive, and satiation.

What we would like you to do is to continue applying what we are learning in class to real world matters. Some might ask, "What good is learning psychology if we can't apply it to real world matters?" So that is what we are going to do with this week's topical blog assignment.

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.

For your news I would like you to

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

This article talks about the addition of three new types of porcini mushrooms. The article talks about scientists who were curious about the types of mushrooms you can find in your local supermarket, they bought some and discovered three new types.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,

The target behavior was testing mushrooms from the supermarket.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence of the behavior was the discovery of three new types of mushroom species.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,

This consequence (discovered new mushroom species) will increase the likelihood of the behavior (testing mushrooms) because the scientists who tested the mushrooms discovered new species and got the recognition and ability to identify and discover something new, which is something that scientists are always looking to do.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally

The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, which was discovering the new species. This will increase the likelihood of the behavior to test mushrooms because the scientists got the credit for discovering the new species.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent is the supermarket.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Supermarket
B=Testing mushrooms
C=Discovering new species

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.

This is an example of positive reinforcement because it will increase the likelihood that these scientists will test more mushrooms to try and find new species.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.

I feel that this is not a situation in which extinction is occurring, but one in which it could occur if they were to keep testing and find nothing. Finding no new species of mushrooms would lead to extinction of the behavior. This could lead to extinction bursts in which the scientists would not only test the mushrooms but would maybe taste them or look to other vegetables to test and try and find new species.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.

For your news I would like you to

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,

The piece of news from the NPR website was an article and video on the new Iphone 6 plus and how it many people have reported that the phone is bending. The article gives talks about this and the backlash from new owners of the phone and the video summarizes what is going on and then the guy in the video tries to see if the Iphone really does bend by pushing on his phone and effectively bending it.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,

The target behavior is bending of the Iphone 6 plus.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence of this behavior is backlash from the owners of the phone.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,

The consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior because the Apple company will create a new and improved phone to keep it from bending so easily because of the backlash it is receiving from its customers (users of the phone). It's bad publicity for the company and they don't want that, so they will change it so that the phone doesn't bend.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally

This consequence involves the addition of something aversive which would be the backlash from the customers/phone users.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent is the aluminum frame of the new Iphone 6plus.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Aluminum frame of phone
B=Bending of phone
C=Backlash of customers

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.

This is an example of positive punishment because the addition of something aversive is happening which will decrease the likelihood of the behavior to occur again. The aversive think being added is the backlash from customers and the behavior that will be less likely to occur will be the bending of the phone because the Apple company will fix it after receiving the backlash.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

Reinforcement:

Punishment:
http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/09/24/351192506/some-iphone-6-plus-users-find-an-unwanted-feature-it-bends

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Terms: Extinction, extinction bursts, positive reinforcement, positive punishment, target behavior, consequence, aversive.
Let us know if you have any questions.

1) This news article is about India’s mission to Mars and the very cheap expense of it. Jonathan Amos talks about how the Mangalyaan mission is almost $600m cheaper than the cost of NASA's mission to Mars. India is planning on studding the methane count in Mars atmosphere to see if some life might exist on the surface or under it. Some are saying that India should be more concerned about needs in their country, but others agree that this will help them get the money to provide for their country and to add to scientific research.
2) The target behavior that I am using is cheap cost for space mission.
3) The consequence of the behavior is an advancement in scientific research as well as growth in India.
4) This will increase the frequency of the behavior because the less money spent on space missions, the more research that can be done, and the greater India can grow from this.
5) The consequence involves the addition of something desirable. This addition of something desirable is the addition of space research and wealth of India.
6) The antecedent is India’s space program location.
7) A= Space program location. B= cheap cost to make space ship. C= Growth in scientific research and in India as a country.
8) This is an example of positive reinforcement because the cheap cost for the space mission increases the frequency of scientific research and growth in India’s economy and society. The fact that the cost for India’s mission is cheaper that Hollywood movies is an establishing operation.
9) My piece is about the U.S. emitting a behavior to decrease the extremist attacks in Iraq. This behavior is bombing Islamic state in Iraq. There have been air strikes on the outskirts of town for a while. These have slowed down the extremists. They are always moving around and are only seen out and about a couple hours a day. The airstrikes are frightening to the extremists but comforting to the civilians; making them feel protected.
10) The target behavior that is the air strikes.
11) The consequence of the behavior is the extremists being scared and becoming less active in attacks.
12) This consequence is decreasing the behavior because the air strikes frighten the extremists making them less likely to act out and attack as frequently.
13) The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable. This undesirable addition is protection over the people and weapons that can kill the extremists.
14) The antecedent is a town in Western Iraqi province.
15) A= town in western Iraqi province. B= air strikes. C= extremists being scared and become less active in attacks.
16) This is positive punishment because it is an addition of air strikes to the town that causes less activity among the extremists.
17) http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29341850
http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/09/24/351074923/u-s-airstrikes-blunt-islamic-state-in-iraq-but-dont-drive-it-back
18) positive reinforcement, target behavior, establishing operation, consequence, behavior, antecedent, ABC, positive punishment, emit,

1) In this article, schools are trying to elicit the eating of fruits and vegetables in children. A school can control how many fruits and vegetables are on the children’s tray, but that does not mean that the children will eat it. According to the article, a student will throw away approximately one-third of what’s on their tray. One of the solutions that this article offered was use a form of establishing operation to increase fruit and veggie intake. If the children go out to recess before lunch, the will expend all their energy through play and will be very hungry when its finally time to eat. If the children are hungry, the fruits and vegetables will be more satisfying to eat, making it more likely that they will eat them in the future. Thus, the eating of fruits and vegetables will be reinforcing.
2) The target behavior for the kids to eat all of their food, including a couple servings of fruit and vegetables
3) The consequence is that the children will feel full and satisfied once they eat their food
4) If the students are full and satisfied, they will most likely emit the same behavior when they are hungry again.
5) This involves the addition of something desirable because the kids are hungry and food is a way to fix that
6) The antecedent is the most important part of this article’s theory. The antecedent of this behavior is that the kids have just come back from recess. After all the running, playing, and socializing they are ready to eat a big meal.
7) A= Kids arrive from recess, hungry from all the playing
B= Kids eat a school lunch that includes a couple servings of fruits and vegetables
C= Kids are full and satisfied
8) This is an example of positive reinforcement. It is positive because there is an addition of something desirable. It is reinforcement because it is more likely that the students will eat their whole tray (including the fruits and vegetables) in the future.
9) The movement StopXam was started by Russian activists, and it attempts to stop the operant behavior of bad driving with politeness. They post videos of heated exchanges with drivers on YouTube that have reached 200 million veiws. Their trademark is to post a sticker on the windshield and resolve the situation in a polite manner.
10) The target behavior is rude driving. An example of rude driving would be parking in a place where you are not supposed to.
11) The consequence of this behavior is for a sticker to be placed on the windshield and to have an argument with a member of the movement.
12) The sticker is a form of public shaming and should be feel aversive to the person emitting the behavior. Since this is aversive, the behavior will be less likely to occur in the future.
13) Since the sticker is aversive, the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable
14) The antecedent of this behavior is an everyday traffic situation
15) A= Normal traffic environment
B= driver parks in where car is not supposed to be
C= Activist places StopXam sticker on windshield and they are politely asked to move their car
16) This is an example of positive punishment. It is positive because there is an addition of something aversive. It is punishment because the behavior is less likely to occur in the future.

Article 1: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/24/350970100/to-stop-picky-eaters-from-tossing-the-broccoli-give-them-choices

Article 2: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-27619680

Terms: elicit, establishing operation, reinforcing, target behavior, consequence, emit, desirable, antecedent, positive reinforcement, operant behavior, aversive, undesirable, positive punishment

1) I liked that terms like unconditioned and conditioned stimuli were explained and then explained again in context with counterparts like conditioned and unconditioned response and primary and secondary reinforcers and how they function in real life situations and with each other.

2) I didn't like that the difference between classical and operant conditioning weren't really established. I couldn't tell if the terms to follow were all classical conditioning and the positive and negative reinforcement had more to do with operant, or if the unconditioned response was with classical and the conditioned response was with operant conditioning. The same with generalized reinforcer; I am left wondering what the difference between that and an ordinary secondary reinforcer are.

3) I will remember that primary reinforcers are unconditioned and that secondary reinforcers are conditioned because of the Maslow's hierarchy chart that went along with it. Thanks to the review of the repeat terms I will remember that positive reinforcement is the addition of something desireable while negative reinforcement is the removal of something aversive. Finally I will remember that unconditioned stimulus and response are based on primal/innate responses.

4) I enjoyed the clarification on when to use aversive and desirable procedures in every day life. The way we have been talking about punishment and reinforcement it almost seems so set that punishment be used to decrease frequency; instead we could be using differential reinforcement, and in fact, that is probably the better route.

5) I disliked that in the example of the case of water boarding one might assume it is negative reinforcement, which it arguably is from what I could tell, but it seems it could also be positive punishment. I just find that it's hard to reinforce a behavior (talking) that hasn't yet occurred (which would be the point of the water boarding). I think if anything the government would like the reputation of “reinforcement” when really I believe it is more positive punishment, or the addition of a water soaked towel to ones face for the behavior of staying quiet. I would love to receive feedback on whether or not my assumptions are wrong and why. Thanks!

6) I will remember that reinforcement is preferred and more affective because this was reiterated in text as well as discussed in class, likewise I will also remember that punishment needs to be used when a behavior needs to stop immediately because the example of the kid throwing a rock at another kid actually relates to a similar situation in my life. Lastly, I will remember that for punishment to be affective it must be consistent. The parking ticket is a great example of this because of the amount of tickets I have received from UNI already. I can remember specific stages in which I weighed the consequence of parking in a certain spot versus my need to park in a certain spot and how the likelihood decreased slowly over time and amount of tickets.

7) If we are speaking of pure water I probably drink one or two measuring “cups” of water per day. I know I technically need to drink a lot more but there must be a good percentage of water in the other things I drink/eat because I am still alive.

8) aversive, desirable, positive/negative reinforcement, conditioned stimuli, unconditioned stimuli,classical and operant conditioning, unconditioned response, conditioned response, primary reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, function, differential reinforcement, punishment

1) The story is of a man (Rahat) who gives a homeless man (Eric) a lottery ticket and then pays a clerk to tell Eric he won. The homeless man then breaks down in fit of gratitude and offers to split the winnings. A non profit fundraiser for the man was then started and raised $40,000 due to everyone's appreciation of his kind heart.

2) The target behavior is showing gratitude. If you had to put it to a physical characteristic it would be his crying, but gratitude encompasses not only his modest expressions including tears, but also his attempts to share the winnings.

3) the consequence is that the man received money from the fund.

4) the consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because it provides him with something pleasurable that he will relate to his gratefulness.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, or the fund of cash.

6) The antecedent is receiving a winning lotto ticket. Eric wouldn't be quite so excited if he got a losing lotto ticket.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=receiving a winning lotto ticket
B=showing gratitude
C=receiving a fund full of money

8) This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something in this case that something is pleasurable.

The establishing operation is that the man was not only sleeping on the streets, but was also homeless. We have the poetic justice to assume that due to his position in life, not many good things tend to happen to him, making him classically conditioned to be more grateful than he might otherwise be. It appeared that Eric was very well liked because his response seemed to be that of an unconditioned response, something of pure spontaneity. The money was a secondary reforcer for him to achieve his primary reinforcer of a house or a place to live, which they ended up doing for him.

9) The video is of a man who picks up an air-soft gun in WalMart and is shot by police officers.

10) The target behavior being emitted is holding gun. The police would like to decrease the frequency of this behavior.

11) The consequence of the behavior is that the man got shot.

12) the consequence will decrease the frequency of the target behavior because the aversive nature of being shot creates a lot of pain associated with the holding of the air soft gun. The police had to skip differential reinforcement for this in order to immediately elicit the response behavior of dropping the gun and decrease the frequency of the target behavior.

13) The consequence involves the addition of something aversive, or the bullet inside of him.

14) The antecedent is being in walmart. The behavior may not have been a target if it happened elsewhere, like in his own house.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Being in WalMart
B=Holding an air-soft gun
C=getting shot

16) This is an example of positive punishment because it involves the addition of something, in this case it is something aversive.

17) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/24/john-crawford-air-rifle-video_n_5878022.html
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/08/homeless-lottery-winner_n_5283957.html

18) establishing operation, primary reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, function, differential reinforcement desirable, positive reinforcement, classical conditioning, unconditioned response, positive reinforcement, target behavior, antecedent, consequence, emitting, behavior, increase frequency, pleasurable, elicit, discriminative stimulus, decrease frequency, aversive

REINFORCEMENT

1) This article is about fall and how the season inspires cooking with a can of pumpkin. Pumpkin is a popular flavor and is very versatile. There are many pumpkin recipes that exists, taste delicious, and are easy enough for many people to follow.

2) The target behavior is cooking with a can of pumpkin which illustrates reinforcement because recipes are delicious (hunger/craving is satisfied) and people will want to elicit these behaviors of cooking with pumpkin in the future. Cooking with pumpkin is something we want more of.

3) The consequence of this behavior (cooking with pumpkin), is (desirable) a satisfied hunger (and the recipes are delicious so people will want to repeat them in the future).

4) This consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior, cooking with pumpkin, because not only is the persons hunger being satisfied, but the recipes taste delicious and people will want to use pumpkin recipes in the future.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, satisfied hunger.

6) The antecedent is seeing appetizing recipes. The appetizing recipes will spark hunger in people and a want/need to make food...in this case cooking with pumpkin puree because the recipes look delicious.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Viewing pumpkin recipes
B=cook with pumpkin
C=satisfied hunger

8) This is an example of positive reinforcement, because there is the addition of something pleasurable, in this case, a satisfied craving/hunger, which will increase the likelihood of this behavior reoccurring in the future, cooking with pumpkin.

This involves establishing operations because it deals with the consequence, satisfied hunger, which works to alter the value/strength of the consequence. Satisfied hunger/craving is strengthening and through the means of cooking with pumpkin. When a person has a hunger now, or a craving, they may think of the pumpkin recipes and repeat the cycle of hunger, cook with pumpkin, and satisfied hunger until they become satiated (have had too much to be rewarding). They will then have to wait until they experience deprivation and have a craving (for pumpkin) so that it will be reinforcing again.

PUNISHMENT

9) This article from BBC News is about Spain's Abortion Laws. In 1985 abortions were legalized under strict rules and since then, regulations on abortion have been broadened. Many people are very upset about the laws held more loosely and strive to change the law, which was one reason they voted for Mariano Rayjoy (Popular Party and Prime Minister), this was his baseline from which the failure of the behavioral intervention was measured. He decided to resign after the bill did not pass to tighten laws on abortion in Spain. He was aiming to go back to abortion only being possible within the first 14 weeks and would not allow abortions in the case of severe abnormalities in the child. From his baseline to his retirement,

10) The target behavior is to pass a bill that puts more restricts on abortions (We want the bill to be passed).
This leads to the consequence of punishment, because many people are in opposition to tighter regulations on who can/cannot get an abortion, which decreases the likelihood of trying to pass this bill in the future.

11) The consequence is protesting from the people (opposition to passing the bill. The behavior of passing the bill leads to the consequence of protesting).

12) The consequence of protesting will decrease the likelihood of this behavior reoccurring, (passing the bill) because the protesting (which is aversive) was so extreme it caused great stress on the Prime Minister, leading him to resign/leave politics prematurely. He will not be in office to continue pushing the bill (extinction).

13) The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable, protesting, which was not originally present, this was added.

14) The antecedent is the duty of Mr. Rayjoy. As a politician it is his duty to pass bills, this is the reason for his election.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Duty of Mr. Rayjoy
B=pass bill
C=protesting

16) This is an example of positive punishment, because it involves the addition of something (undesirable), in this case, protesting, which will decrease the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future, passing (abortion) bills.

17) Sources:
Reinforcement: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/24/canned-pumpkin-recipes_n_5865706.html

Punishment:http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29322561

18) Terms: baseline, target behavior, reinforcement, elicit, consequence, behavior, desirable, antecedent, positive reinforcement, pleasurable, establishing operations, satiated, deprivation, punishment, aversive, undesirable, positive punishment

Reinforcement
1) This was an article about the attendance of a music festival by the author. The author was expecting one type of sound and music, and experienced another while she was there.
2) The target behavior that I am using is listening to unique music.
3) The consequence of the target behavior is enjoying unique music.
4) Humans are drawn to listen to things that they enjoy. The author enjoyed the music that was being played, so she will be likely to listen to music by the same artists again.
5) The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, if not unexpected.
6) The antecedent is going to a music festival.
7) A: attending a music festival
B: listening to unique music
C: enjoying unique music
8) This is an example of positive reinforcement. The author went to a music festival and expected to hear music, but the addition of the unique music was unexpected but enjoyable.

Punishment
9) This article is about the connection between smoking and drinking.
10) The target behavior that I am using is paying the larger tax on cigarettes at the gas station
11) The consequence of the target behavior is buying fewer cigarettes.
12) There are two reasons that people continue their habit of smoking: they enjoy it and can afford it, or they are addicted. If someone enjoys smoking but can no longer afford it, they will be less likely to do so when the tax on cigarettes goes up. However, if someone is an addict, then the tax will upset them but not necessarily decrease their smoking behavior.
13) The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable, an increase in tax on cigarettes.
14) The antecedent is running out of cigarettes and going to the gas station.
15) A: go to gas station
B: required to pay larger tax on cigarettes
C: buy less cigarettes
16) This is an example of positive punishment. Smoking is not a good behavior but for the smoker, having to pay more for cigarettes is a punishment. However, this may elicit a reduced frequency of a smoking behavior.

Reinforcement: http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2014/09/24/351141281/roots-plugged-in
Punishment: http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/09/24/351162283/when-cigarettes-cost-more-people-drink-less-except-for-wine
Terms: target behavior, antecedent, consequence, positive, reinforcement, punishment, elicit

For your news I would like you to

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,

These people did a study on whether or not a person will eat less healthy when accompanied by someone who is overweight. A woman wears a fat suit for one observation, then doesn't for another. When she wears the fat suit and chooses more pasta than salad, more people choose pasta than salad. When she wears the fat suit and chooses more salad than pasta, people still choose more pasta than salad. The results were, it doesn't matter what she chooses to eat. Simply being around a overweight person makes a person feel less inclined to worry about how they look when they choose what to eat.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,

Overweight woman eats around others

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

People that overweight woman is with eat less healthy meals.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,

Whenever people eat with an overweight person near them, they will tend to eat less healthy meals because they feel less inclined to be healthy around someone who is not healthy. Especially in comparison to them.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally

It involves the addition of something desirable to the scientists doing the study because it proves their theory correct.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

Overweight woman eating in public

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Overweight woman eating in public
B= People eat less healthy
C= People will eat less healthy foods when around overweight people

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.

Positive Reinforcement, it increases the likelihood that the people will eat unhealthy around overweight people again.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.

I would say this situation involves extinction. Given the atecendant of when she goes out wearing the fat suit, the behavior of the people is that they choose to eat less healthy. The consequence of the behavior is then the people will feel less inclined to worry about their meal components or portions. When she goes out not wearing the fat suit, the people no longer feel comfortable eating less healthy foods around someone of average size. Hence the extinction of that reinforcement because it is no longer there.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.

For your news I would like you to

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,

A drill sergeant was found guilty of sexual assault to 8 female soldiers. The women testified against him in court and he plead guilty, having many other accusations against him dropped at the hearing. After seeing there had been more than 5,000 reports of sexual assault made in the previous fiscal year, congress was pressured to make reforms on the military justice system. Now, all accusers are assigned a lawyer to help them through the legal process. Also, any military personal convicted of sexual assault faces a minimum requirement of dishonorable discharge.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,

Being convicted of sexual assault.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

Minimum punishment of dishonorable discharge.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,

Being stripped of your military rights and rankings will more than likely be the least they have to worry about. They will more than likely also be put on the sex offender registry and possibly serve time in prison. They are therefor watched closely for many years if not the rest of their lives. Therefor, they are less likely to sexually assault again if they don't want to further dig themselves into a criminal hole.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally

It involves the removal of part of the convicted felons freedom. (Removal of something desirable)

14) tell us to the antecedent is.

Sexually assaulting someone

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Sexually assaulting someone
B= Being convicted of sexual assault
C= Being punished at lest minimally if not further.

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.

Negative punishment, it is less likely that these people will re-offend in the future after the punishment(s) they receive.

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post. Antecedant, Behavior, Consequence, Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement, Negative Punishment.

Reinforcement:
http://www.today.com/health/fat-suit-diet-how-our-friends-influence-way-we-eat-2D80172483

Punishment: http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/24/drill-sergeant-sex-assaults/16163725/

Reinforcement

1) This article is about a market in El Salvador that sells the drug misoprostol. This drug has been proven to work as a form of abortion. It is effective and safe for a woman to use. It is illegal in the country of El Salvador to get an abortion, so women have to find an illegal way to get an abortion if they want one bad enough. The woman at the market, who wished to remain anonymous since it’s illegal to sell this, says she sells this because many women looking for it are there because their life is in crisis.

2) The target behavior being emitted is the women taking the drug misoprostol as a form of abortion.

3) The consequence of the behavior is that the pregnancy will be aborted, and the woman will obviously no longer be having that child.

4) The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior, because it is a safe and easy ways to end an unwanted pregnancy. This helps women as they can buy the drug misoprostol privately, and they can take it home and do it themselves without having to worry about others finding out.

5) This would sadly involve the removal of something undesirable. The pregnancy is an unwanted one, so taking misoprostol will help the woman abort the pregnancy.

6) The antecedent would be a pregnant woman desperate to abort her unwanted pregnancy.

7) A= A desperate woman wanting to get rid of her unwanted pregnancy
B= The pregnant woman taking the drug misoprostol
C= The unwanted pregnancy is aborted

8) This would be an example of negative reinforcement as the consequence of the behavior includes the removal of something undesirable or an aversive stimulus. In this particular situation, the thing being removed is the unwanted pregnancy.

I think this behavior involves a primary reinforcer. As was discussed in the article, many women go to get this drug as they are desperate and often-times fearing for their lives. Since the pregnant woman is fearing for her safety, she thinks abortion is her only option. The behavior has a low extrinsic value as no one has to find about it if she doesn’t want them to, and it could have a high intrinsic value if she thinks it is important she gets the abortion in order to assure her safety and overall well-being.

Punishment

9) In this article, it discusses a group of friends who went on a hiking trip in New Jersey. During this hiking trip, the group of men stumbled across a very large black bear. When officials got to the scene, the bear was found circling the body of Darsh Patel. When police saw the body, they shot and killed the bear at the scene.

10) The target behavior was the bear attacking the man and killing him.

11) The consequence of the behavior is the police shooting and killing the bear after learning the bear killed the man.

12) The consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior, because the bear was shot and killed, so it will no longer be able to attack any more people.

13) The consequence involves the removal of something desirable. A man lost his life from the bear attack, which then turned into the bear being shot and killed to avoid any more attacks.

14) The antecedent is the group of men hiking in the woods.

15) A= Group of men hiking
B= Bear attacks a man and kills him
C= Police come and shoot and kill the bear

16) This would be an example of positive punishment as the police came and shot and killed the bear who attacked and killed the man, assuring this particular bear won’t be able to harm any more people.

17)http://www.npr.org/blogs/goatsandsoda/2014/09/23/349325962/even-when-abortion-is-illegal-the-market-may-sell-abortion-pills

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-29319401

18) Reinforcement, target behavior, emit, antecedent, behavior, consequence, negative reinforcement, aversive stimulus, primary reinforcer, extrinsic value, intrinsic value, punishment, positive punishment

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece.
This article is about a mom who was stressed to the max and didn’t think anything of her health. She was focusing too much on her son with disabilities and him staying in school. Along with daycare and her new job. She ended up in the emergency room and they thought she was having a heart attack but it luckily wasn’t one. It ended up being Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (heart break syndrome), a disease that mimics a heart attack.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement.
Having her husband take her to the Emergency room.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence of the behavior is that she got treated and cared for so she is okay and still living.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior.
This consequence will increase the frequency of her behavior because next time she has worries she will go to the doctor right away so she doesn’t risk dying. She will be more likely to emit this behavior again.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally.
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable because she added going to the emergency room and not dying/figuring out what was going on.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is her feeling her heartbeat flicker erratically
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= abnormal heart beat/ heartbeat flickering erratically
B=Going to the Emergency room
C= Figuring out what was wrong and fixing her heart
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
Positive reinforcement because her going to the emergency room and getting everything figured out will increase the likely she will try to get to the doctors or emergency room quicker than she did last time.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
It involves establishing operations because in order to be effective she had to go to the emergency room. She had to emit the behavior of asking to go so that she knew what was wrong. Which caused her environment to be modified on her type of reinforcement.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.
For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about Jayaram Jayalalitha being sentenced to jail on corruption charges in a case that has lasted for 18 years.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is assessing wealth that was unaccounted for.
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is being sentenced to jail.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
Being sentenced to jail will decrease the likely hood of her emitting this behavior again because jail isn’t any fun.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable because they added jail to the scenario.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is being in Bangalore, India.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Bangalore
B= assessing wealth that was unaccounted for
C= Jail
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
Positive punishment because it added something aka jail and will decrease the likely hood of her doing it again.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/09/27/351731188/i-thought-it-was-just-stress-until-it-broke-my-heart
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29390682
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
consequence
desirable
antecedent
Positive reinforcement
establishing operations
emit
reinforcement.
Target behavior
Decrease
Increase
Positive punishment
Punishment
Undesirable

1) The article that I looked at because I thought that it was really interesting and I have tattoos is, I lost my job because of my tattoos. The article talked about six people that lost their jobs or didn’t move up or get the promotions that they should have gotten because they had tattoos.
2) I think that the target behavior would be that employees not getting tattoos so that they could look more professional and move up in the work place.
The target behavior would be the employees saying no to tattoos in the work place.
3) The consequence of having tattoos would be not moving up in the work place or even losing your job.
4) it’s going to tell people that if you want to work in these types of places you better not get any ink done or you are just wasting your time. Because you’re not going to get hired or if you do you’re not going to move up the ranks
5) This consequence involves the removal of something undesirable, workers with tattoos.
6) The work setting.
7)
A= the work setting.
B= Employees with tattoos exposed.
C=Losing their job and promotions.
8) This would be an example of negative reinforcement because the employees are losing their jobs as a result. This would be an example of an extinction burst. With employers suddenly increasing their policy and letting employees go it increased the responses frequency, followed by the eventual decline and extinction of the behavior targeted for elimination of employees with tattoos.
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29211526

9) Bear kills New Jersey student in nature preserve. It talks about a group of men hiking and come across a large black bear.
10) The bear attacking the boy and killing him.
11) The police shooting and killing the bear for killing the boy.
12) It will decrease because the bear is now dead so it wont be able to attack anymore people.
13) This consequence is the removal of something desirable since the police killed the bear.
14) The antecedent is the group of boys hiking.
15)
A= Group of boys hiking
B= bear attacks the one boy and ends up killing him
C= Police then come and kill the bear.
16)I think that it would be negative punishment because the police killed the bear so they removed it.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-29319401
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29211526

Reinforcement:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article discussed a project called “Ground Truth” that surveys victims of natural disasters to see if the aid they are receiving is actually helpful or beneficial. Ground Truth uses cell phones or go door-to-door to deliver these surveys to see whether this aid is actually helping the community and then they change the way aid is given in order to best fit the needs of the community.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The survey that is delivered by Ground Truth is the target behavior. The surveys either state that the aid is unhelpful, and why it is unhelpful, or that the aid is beneficial. This is reinforcement because it increases the probability that Ground Truth (and the organizations they work for) will continue emitting behavior of giving surveys to victims of natural disaster in the future.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the target behavior is that victims respond to the survey that is delivered by Ground Truth. The survey elicits a response behavior in the victims.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because it gives helpful information to Ground Truth that they then use to provide better aid to victims of natural disaster. By incorporating the survey feedback, Ground Truth continues to deliver aid. Since the survey feedback is desirable (in the sense that it is helpful) the probability that Ground Truth will deliver surveys to victims in the future is increased.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable,
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable because Ground Truth the responses/input from victims of natural disaster are valuable to Ground Truth.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is that Ground Truth delivers aid to the victims of natural disaster.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Ground Truth delivers aid to victims of natural disaster
B= Ground Truth surveys victims of natural disaster
C= Victims respond with information on how to better natural disaster aid

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because something that is desirable is part of the consequence (the response from the victims). This consequence is positive reinforcement because it increases the probability of Ground Truth distributing surveys in the future.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This example does not involve establishing operations that I can see, but it does involve a discriminate stimulus. The discriminate stimulus is that there is a natural disaster and that Ground Truth provides aid during the natural disaster. If there was no disaster, then there would be no need for Ground Truth to provide aid, and if there was no Ground Truth providing aid, then there would be no survey for them to distribute to the victims. Ground Truth can also eventually become satiated with the responses of the survey. Eventually, Ground Truth may receive so many responses that none of them will be helpful or valuable anymore, thus decreasing their desirability, which will lead to extinction of the survey distributing behavior.

Punishment:
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
There was a riot in Cairo at one of the football games when security guards only opened one door into the stadium and people stampeded into through the gate, trampling each other on the way. Security guards then began to fire tear gas and birdshot into the crowd. This clash between the football fans and the guards led to 22 deaths and an indefinite suspension of the football league matches in Egypt.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is football fans stampeding into the stadium.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of fans stampeding into the stadium was security guards firing tear gas and birdshot into the crowd.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
When the crowd emitted a stampeding behavior, which elicited the firing of tear gas and birdshot behavior of the security guards. The firing of tear gas and birdshot is undesirable since it is painful and this consequence will decrease the probability of crowds stampeding into the football stadium in the future.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable,
This consequence involves the addition of something undesirable.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent for this target behavior was that the security guards opened one, single door into the football stadium.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Security guards open one door to the stadium
B= Football fans stampede into the stadium
C= Security guards throw tear gas and birdshot into the crowd

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment since the stimulus of tear gas and birdshot is painful and highly undesirable. This addition of something undesirable, paired with the consequence decreasing future stampeding behavior means that this was an example of positive punishment.

URL’s:
http://www.npr.org/blogs/goatsandsoda/2015/02/04/383788469/billions-go-to-victims-of-disaster-and-disease-does-it-really-help
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31252429

Terms: target behavior, consequence, positive reinforcement, emit, elicit, establishing operation, extinction, discriminative stimulus, satiated, positive punishment

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece: this is a piece about the effect of violent video games and if it influences the video game users in a negative way. This article does agree that even if violent games don’t lead to violent behavior violence does sell to people. People are intrigued of the thought of combat.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement: this is an example of positive reinforcement. Because positive reinforcement is adding a desirable punishment in order to increase the behavior. So the desirable punishment is getting the high or adrenaline rush of playing a violent game but not physically being violent. The behavior is playing games with violence.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is: the consequence of playing a violent game is that some believe it leads to violent tendencies.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior: the consequence of playing a violent game can lead to destructive behavior. This has not been proven as a fact, because violence is associated with other things such as mental illness or behavior disorders.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable: the consequence to video gamers is the addition of some desirable, which for them is playing video games such as call of duty or mortal kombat.
6) tell us to the antecedent is: the antecedent is buying the over advertised game such as call of duty.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=buy a popular video game that is known for its violence
B=playing games emphasized with violence
C= creating more violence prone people
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why. This is an example of positive reinforcement. Gamers are adding additional time into playing their violent games so they can experience the high of being in a world where shooting, blood, and gore are acceptable and encouraged. This is kind of a example of extinction, because if it is true that violent games lead to violent behaviors then these people continue to enforce violent behavior after they stop playing their violent games. They have taught themselves that killing is acceptable and the game may also teach them ways to kill. If this theory was to be proved motivation operation would be a possibility. Because motivation operation describes why a person acts in a particular way, which is what the theory of this article is explaining that violent games lead/ affect people in ways that they have violent tendencies.
Terms: positive reinforcement, desirable, extinction, motivation operation , behavior, antecedent, consequence, negative reinforcement, aversive

http://www.npr.org/2015/02/11/171698919/video-game-violence-why-do-we-like-it-and-whats-it-doing-to-us
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece: this article was about the conflict of if the classic dish “ chicken and waffles”. This was about how the southern states were saying that this dish did not originate from their states.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment: the target behavior that illustrates the punishment as the article states is that the south doesn’t want to claim this dish as their own because then you have to attach it to someone’s mother who came up with the recipe and thus attaching it to someone’s name means people could be upset or take it personally if the dish wasn’t a hit.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is: the consequence of this behavior is that no one will claim this food as their states so many states have taken this classic and made their own renditions so everyone is confused on where this food originated.
4) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior: the consequence of not claiming this food as a southern classic will probably decrease the frequency of people associated this classic with southern states. Because I know when I traveled down south there was waffle houses everywhere and I just assumed there would be chicken and waffles served there because I thought this food originated from the south.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable: the consequence involves the removal of something desirable. The south is removing their states for being associated with this food. And to Americans food is a very desirable thing.
6) A= chicken and waffles became popular and many enjoyed the food
B= south won’t claim as being the originators of chicken and waffles.
C= people potentially will stop associated chicken and waffles with a southern delicacy
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why. This is negative punishment for southern states. Because they are removing an aversive stimulus of chicken and waffles being responsible for the creative treat so that they can reduce the likelihood that everyone will only associate the south with this type of food.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/02/14/172019116/fried-chicken-and-waffles-the-dish-the-south-denied-as-its-own

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
In this news article a father talks about how he will never tell his son that he is way too smart because he doesn’t want him to stop studying and stop trying to better at it. He states in the article, “I decided to praise my son not when he succeeded at things he was already good at, but when he persevered with things that he found difficult. I stressed to him that by struggling, your brain grows.” Research does show that the more you use your brain the larger it grows.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement
The target behavior that illustrates reinforcement in this article is the boy struggling. As the boy struggles more his brain grows and makes him smarter.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
I believe to think that the consequence of the behavior is his brain growing.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the likelihood of the behavior because the father wants the child’s brain to grow more which in fact the research shows that it will make the child smarter.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
I believe that the consequence involves the addition of something desirable because it’s adding on to emit the behavior of more studying to help the brain grow.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent of the behavior is homework.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Homework
B= Studying
C=Brain Growing
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
I believe that this article is an example of positive reinforcement, this is because its adding something desirable. The father of the child tells his son that studying more will increase the likelihood of his brain growing and making him smarter.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This example in the article does not involve extinction because the brain never stops receiving new information which technically your brain can keep growing but not in size.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.
For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
For this piece of my punishment article, the little 8 year old boy was on the bus and and he was reported for hitting someone with his cane. The incident then got out of hand and the teacher gave the little boy a swimming pool noodle to use for the next week. Parents were very upset and said the punishment was humiliating and inappropriate.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment
In this instance the behavior one student emitted was hitting the other student. This behavior then illustrated a negative punishment.
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the target behavior is the removal of the cane to decrease the likelihood of it happening again.
The consequence of the behavior
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The district owned caned was removed from the students possession to decrease the frequency of the behavior he emitted of happening again.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of something desirable. The little year old boy got the removal of his gain that was needed and replaced with a swimming pool noodle.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent of the instance is on the bus from school.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior8
A=On the bus
B=Hitting the student
C= Taking away cane
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This article of news was an example of negative punishment because it the little boy got his cane taking away that was desirable.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/12/18/blind-boy-pool-noodle-cane-school-district_n_6348556.html : Punishment
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/salman-khan/the-learning-myth-why-ill_b_5691681.html: Reinforcment
Terms: Behavior, Antecedent, Consquence, Target Behavior, Emit, Positive Reinforcement

For your news I would like you to

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
The article is about parents not vaccinating their children- specifically about a parent who is on food stamps and incidentally fell behind on vaccinating her children due to the bus fee to the doctor being hard to scrounge up. Overall, the article focuses on the school system's lack of tracking vaccinations of the students.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior in this article is vaccinating children

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is not spreading infections that can be prevented with vaccinations

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of not spreading infection will increase the frequency of people getting their children vaccinated because they do not want their kids to get sick.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of the school reinforcing vaccination requirements/records from parents, which could be desirable for parents and children OR aversive to children and parents, based on the circumstances (money and pain)

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent to the target behavior would be if children are getting sick

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= children getting sick
B= parents get their own children vaccinated
C= not spreading diseases

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because they are adding something pleasurable (vaccination) in order to create the consequence

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
It could involve an establishing operation because the reinforcer (vaccinations) will become more reinforcing if children start getting sick. The parents will then take their child to the doctor to get their children vaccinated more readily than if there was no known sickness going around.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.

For your news I would like you to

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about the Australian police charging two Sydney men with intent to carry out an imminent attack. These men were arrested and therefore punished for their actions, and Sydney is now safe from men of this sort.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior would be the intent to carry out an imminent attack

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this is that these men go to jail

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
By going to jail, this consequence will decrease the frequency of behavior by either not letting them out of jail to plan another attack, or it will deter them away from this aversive behavior.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence of this action involves the addition of something aversive (going to jail)

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is hate against Australia

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= hate against Australia
B= planning an attack on Sydney
C= going to jail

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because there is an aversive action being added, which will decrease the frequency of the target behavior.

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/10/384325975/schools-not-keeping-track-of-kids-who-are-behind-on-their-shots

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-31390036

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Target behavior, consequence, aversive, reinforcing, reinforcement, antecedent, behavior, positive reinforcement, pleasurable, establishing operation, punishment, positive punishment

1) This article is about a program called BILD which helps to teach adults with learning disabilities about healthy eating. The program also teaches them how to cook healthy foods, which is an operant behavior. Many people with learning disabilities live in communities or homes where their diets are chosen for them, so they do not have much of an understanding about what it means to eat healthy. This program is supposed to increase healthy cooking and eating behaviors.
2) The target behavior is healthy cooking and eating behaviors
3) The consequence of this behavior is feeling healthier and happier
4) The pleasurable consequence will increase the behavior because the participants will feel happier/healthier (which is a positive valence) and want to cook/eat healthier foods in order to keep feeling that way.
5) This consequence involves the addition of health and happiness.
6) The antecedent is having a learning disability and not understanding what it means to eat and to cook healthy foods.
7)
A= Have a learning disability and not understanding the concepts of healthy eating
B= Take a class focused on healthy cooking and eating
C= Become healthier and happier
8) This is an example of positive reinforcement because something with a positive valence is being added.
This process does not involve any extinction or establishing operations. It would not be ethical to deprive people with learning disabilities of healthy foods in order to make the consequence more reinforcing.
9) This second article discusses the biology behind violent criminals. A professor from University of Pennsylvania wrote a book about how this new view of criminals could help change the way we approach preventing crimes and rehabilitation in the prison system. Dr. Raine is the author, and he believes that prisoners are not motivated to change their ways because once they are in the prison system they begin to accept the belief that they are bad/evil people. This new view of criminal behavior may help change a criminals mindset during rehabilitation.
10) The target behavior is committing violent crimes
11) The consequence of the behavior is going to prison, which has a strong negative valence
12) The consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior because criminals will not want to go to prison again.
13) The consequence is the removal of something desirable, because the government is emitting the behavior of taking away a lot of their freedom and other aspects of their daily lives to punish them. Being in jail for a long period of time can count as a form of satiation because it will make going to jail
14) The antecedent, in this article, is being biologically wired to be more likely to commit violent crimes. This biological disposition elicited them to emit the violent behaviors.
15)
A= Having the biological make-up to be more likely to commit violent crimes
B= Committing a violent crime
C= Going to prison
16) This is negative punishment, because something positive is being taken away.
17) http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-ouch-31115388
http://www.npr.org/2013/05/01/180096559/criminologist-believes-violent-behavior-is-biological
18) Consequence, antecedent, behavior, emit, elicit, negative punishment, positive valence, deprivation, negative valence, Target behavior, response, operant behavior, extinction, establishing operation, punishment, reinforcement.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article explores why we, as Americans, love football so much; even when we understand the high degree of risk to players at all levels of the game, especially professional players.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior here is tenacity; playing the game with 100% of your energy and pushing through any obstacles you encounter (including pain).
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior, as explained by the article, was respect. Respect from one’s teammates, from fans, and sometimes it evens builds self confidence. Or, if you’re good enough or on a great team, you might be rewarded with fame and money.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
Being respected makes us feel good, and money lets us buy the things we enjoy. Knowing that you could be reinforced with these two things makes players want emit the behavior of playing ferociously.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This mostly involves the addition of pleasurable stimuli. But, if you’re teammates tease you for sitting out a game over a minor injury it could be the removal of something unpleasant (the teasing) as well.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent could be a few things here. First, it could be spectators (fans, teammates, coach), or it could be an injury. For both antecedents the behavior is the same (play with tenacity), as is the consequence (respect).
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= An injury occurs
B= play through it
C= respect.
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is positive reinforcement because we are giving the player our respect (and sometimes money/fame). But, it could also involve the removal of an unpleasant stimuli such as teasing.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
Establishing operation here consists of the football game. The spectators elicit the behavior of performing with tenacity, even when injured. There are no rewards for taking yourself out of the game, in fact, you are punished with the loss of respect (primary reinforcer) and the loss of money (secondary reinforcer).
For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This piece discusses a poll showing 40% of Americans want Brian Williams (NBC reporter in the news lately for fabricating a 2003 story about how he was aboard a military helicopter that was shot down) should resign from his job.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior here is lying (i.e. creating a false news story to make yourself look better).
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequences of this has been public shame, humiliation, loss of trust, and a 6 month suspension from reporting on NBC
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
One of our worst fears as humans is to be publicly shamed and ridiculed by society. It feels terrible. Just the fear of it should keep us from acting unethically.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
This involves the addition of something undesirable: public humiliation
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
This is tricky. I can only assume he lied to make himself look better to his peers and his viewers.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= A desire to elevate one’s self
B= create a false news story that involves you, personally
C= people find out you lied and you are discredited as a journalist and shamed
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because it is the addition of unpleasant stimuli (shame from peers and viewers). It could also be negative punishment if we look at Williams loss of credibility as a journalist.

Reinforcement: http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/01/27/381963930/why-do-we-love-football-so-much-theater-tackles-tough-questions
Punishment: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/09/brian-williams-poll-resign-americans_n_6647526.html
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Positive punishment, negative punishment, reward, elicit, behavior, antecedent, consequence, target behavior, stimuli, emit

Topical Blog Week 5

News Item #1
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece
Brian Williams is a news reporter/journalist for NBC. He recently admitted that he “misremembered” certain events that happened while he was in Iraq. He claimed, in 2003 that his helicopter was shot down by an Iraqi RPG. Recently he has come forward and said the he misremembered the events that happened that day. It is also known that he only came forward after some of his other colleagues came forward about the false information. The news article that I read discusses William’s misremembering and makes it seem more like he told a lie about the events that day. The article also discusses how authorities are looking into several other cases William’s has reported on to see if they have any holes as well. After the information was given to the public, William’s took a temporary leave of absence from “NBC Nightly News”. He recently cancelled an interview on “The Late Show with David Letterman”.

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement
The behavior that I am using to illustrate reinforcement is the behavior of Brian Williams trying to do his best to stay out of the public eye. He took a temporary leave of absence from the “NBC Nightly News” and he cancelled an interview with David Letterman.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
I think the consequence of this behavior is that the media and the authorities start to dig deeper. They are investigating more cases that William’s has reported on in the past. They are opening up old stories to see if he left any holes or “misremembered” anything else.

4) Tell us how that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior
Since the media has been digging deeper into William’s past, he has been denying more air time. He wants to stay out of the eye of the media. He took a leave of absence from this job with NBC. And after they found that he misreported on another instance, he cancelled an interview with David Letterman. It’s almost as if, as long as we try to keep him in the spotlight, the more he tries to hide.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable
The consequence involves the addition of something. The consequence of the behavior is that they add more looking and more searching into the cases that Brian William’s has reported on. His behavior makes them think that he is hiding something, so maybe he’s hidden things before. So they continue to look and they add more time and research to find other possible moments of misremembering.

6) Tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent (the thing that started it all) is when Williams came out about his “misremembering” and the media started to give him grief about it. He was being honest and he was doing the right thing in telling us what actually happened. But the media ripped into him and made him feel bad about that honesty – which is what caused him to take a leave of absence from his job (behavior).

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Brian Williams “misremembers” events & gets grief from the media
B= Brian Williams takes a leave of absence (stays out of the media’s eye)
C= Look into more cases that Brian Williams has reported on

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Explain why. Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This would be an example of positive reinforcement because the consequence is adding something in order to make the behavior continue to occur. They are adding more research and digging into Williams’ past as a reporter/journalist. I also think that in this case, it is very important to remember the context. Williams was in a dangerous place at the time he fabricated the story. Maybe he could have legitimately misremembered some information about what happened that day. But that doesn’t mean that he fabricates all of his stories, or even that he has fabricated them before. He was just in a bad situation, and maybe his fear caused him to actually “misremember”.

News Item #2
9) Briefly describe/summarize your piece
The next piece I chose is closely related to the piece I chose to represent reinforcement. Yesterday, the only thing in the news about Brian Williams was that he was taking a leave of absence and that he cancelled an interview with David Letterman. But today, NBC has announced that they are suspending Brian Williams from his position for 6 months without pay. They will have a temporary replacement for Williams. They said that they this action was necessary because Williams has lost the trust of the viewers. They have also said that they hope Williams can gain that trust back and continue on with NBC once his suspension is over.

10) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment
The target behavior in this case would be the act of Brian Williams “misremembering”. Williams fabricated a story back in 2003 when he claimed that a helicopter he was on was shot down by an RPG in Iraq. This is the behavior I am looking at in this news article.

11) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of Williams’ behavior (fabricating the story in Iraq) is that he is now suspended from his job without pay for 6 months.

12) Tell us how that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior
This consequence will decrease the likelihood that Williams will fabricate any more stories. He was a very trusted news anchor and journalist. And if he wants to gain that trust back (and get his job back) he will have to stop fabricating stories.

13) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable
The consequence involves the removal of something. There are two things being removed in this case. The first thing being removed is Williams’ job, and the second thing being removed is the trust of his viewers.

14) Tell us to the antecedent is
I feel that there could be many antecedents in this case. I’m sure there are several reasons why Williams thought it was a good idea to fabricate a story at that time. Maybe he really did misremember the events. Maybe was confusing two different events. But I think the main antecedent for why Williams fabricated this story is because he wanted to be in the spotlight. He wanted all eyes on him, and he wanted to report on an exciting event, so he changed the details of his story and fabricated a new one.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Wanted to be in the spotlight/wanted to report on a good story
B= Brian Williams “misremembers”
C= Brian Williams gets suspended

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why. Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
Since the consequence involves the removal of a couple different things, this would be an example of negative punishment. They are taking away Williams’ job. And they are also removing the trust of the viewers. Taking these two things away will make it less likely the Williams will fabricate any more stories (behavior). Williams’ suspension would also be considered establishing operations because it makes the punishment more severe. Before he was just taking a temporary leave of absence, and now he is suspended for 6 months without pay. That will make it much more likely that he will not fabricate any more stories in the future.

URLs:
Reinforcement:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/08/brian-williams-letterman_n_6641064.html
Punishment:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/10/brian-williams-suspended-nbc_n_6657292.html?ir=Media

TERMS: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence, Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement, Context Negative Punishment, Punishment, Establishing Operations

Reinforcement
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece:
-The U.S. is adding 350 more troops to help protect the American Embassy in Baghdad, which will raise the troop number to 1,000. It was requested by the state department, which President Obama approved. According to this article, by adding more troops it will allow some deployed military personnel to leave Baghdad, but at the same time will provide a more robust security force.
2) Tell what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement.
-Sending the troops the in.
3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
- Protecting the American Embassy in Baghdad.
4) Tell us how that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior.
-The consequence of protecting the American Embassy in Baghdad will increase the frequency of sending the troops because the embassy needs protecting and its those troops jobs to protect the embassy. Also, every so months troops will be sent home and in order to keep the embassy safe, they will send troops in to replace those troops who went home.
5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable.
- The consequence is the addition of something desirable.
6) Tell us what the antecedent is
- The antecedent would be the request from the state department and the approval from the president.
7) List ABCs.
-A=Requested by the state department & approval by the president
-B= Sending troops in
-C= protect American Embassy in Baghdad.
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Explain why?
-This is an example of positive reinforcement because its the addition of something because the need for protecting the American Embassy elicited a response by emitting the deployment of troops to Baghdad.
9) Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapter we have already covered as you can.
-This involves establishing operations.
Punishment
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece
- The only woman on death row in Georgia is scheduled to die of lethal injection. The judge signed a death warrant.
2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment.
-Her role in the death of her husband.
3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
-The consequence is being on death row.
4) Tell us how the consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior.
-It will decrease the behavior because she won't be able to hurt anyone else.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of an aversive stimulus or the removal of something desirable.
-I'd say its negative punishment because it is the taking of something desirable away.
6) Tell us what the antecedent is.
- Plan to kill her husband for insurance money
7) List ABCs
-A= Plan to kill husband for insurance money
-B= Role in the death of her husband
-C= on death row.
8) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment or negative punishment.
-Negative punishment, because your taking something away.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/11/kelly-renee-gissendaner-execution-_n_6659900.html
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/09/03/345396548/u-s-boosts-baghdad-diplomatic-security-with-350-more-soldiers

9) negative punishment, behavior, antecedent, consequence, establishing operations, positive reinforcement, elicit, emit. response.

For your news I would like you to
briefly describe/summarize your piece,
1. The article that I picked to read about is called “What Causes Breast Cancer? These Families Want to Help Find Out.” It was about a family that the mother and daughter both eventually developed cancer in their later years of life. The article then talks about how researchers are thinking that children can eventually get breast cancer fifty years after being born from toxins in the womb. The same researcher are believe that their hypothesis is true but trying to find exactly what chemicals in the mother’s pregnant body affects it.

2. tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior within this article would be researching the toxins or chemicals within the body.

3. tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence would be that they find a cure to why children can get breast cancer from the womb.

4. tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
This would increase the behavior because if you find a cure to one cancer, you will research to find more answers.

5. tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This would be adding something desirable to the behavior.

6. tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be that a women with breast cancer.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=who with breast cancer from womb

B=researching the toxins

C=finding a cure

8. Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This would be positive reinforcement because you are adding something positive, the research to find a cure, to something that is going to increase the likeliness of them to continue to research in the future.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This could involve establishing behavior because if people continue to get cancer from the womb, researchers will want to emit the behavior of finding the cure that much more at a timely pace.

For your news I would like you to
9.briefly describe/summarize your piece,
The article that I found relating to punishment is called “Chapel Hill Shootings: North Carolina Man Charged.” This is about a man, Craig Hicks, who shot three Muslims after a dispute on parking. They were all students at the University of North Carolina and had been arguing as neighbors. Hicks turned himself in to the police and is still in custody.

10. tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is this article would be that he shot three different people.

11. tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior would be that he is in custody or being in jail.

12. tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
Hopefully the consequence will decrease the behavior by him not shooting anyone else.

13. tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence would be the addition of something undesirable because no one wants to be in jail.

14. tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent of this behavior would be the arguing of neighbors.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=arguing of neighbors

B=shooting the three neighbors

C=jail time

16. Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
I believe that this is a negative punishment because you are taking away the rights of Hicks by putting him in jail. Hopefully this will decrease his likeliness of shooting someone in the future.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-31416869

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/11/385198237/what-causes-breast-cancer-these-families-want-to-help-find-out

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
target behavior, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, emit, punishment, negative punishment

For your news I would like you to
Reinforcement:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
- This article was about emitting random acts of kindness on Valentine's Day in order to brighten someone's day.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
-The target behavior is emitting random acts of kindness
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
-The consequence of the behavior was brightening someone's day.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
-This will increase the frequency of the behavior because if you get a positive response after emitting a random act of kindness then you are more likely to emit the behavior in the future.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
-The consequence involves the addition of something desirable
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
-The antecedent is Valentine's Day
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Valentine's Day
B=Random act of kindness
C=Brighten someone's day
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
-Positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something desirable.

For your news I would like you to
Punishment:
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
- This article is about the Jackie Robinson West Little League baseball team being stripped of the National Title they won in 2014. The League found out that administrators lied about where some of the players were from which happened to be outside of the Chicago team's district.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
-The target behavior is lying about where the players live
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
-The consequence of the behavior is the team losing the National Title
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
-The consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior in the future because losing the title is the removal of something desirable therefore teams should not want to put players on the team that do not live inside the district they are supposed to
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
-Consequence involves the removal of something desirable
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
-The antecedent is wanting to have a successful team
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=wanting a successful team
B=lying about location where players live
C=team loses National Title
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
-This is an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of something desirable in order to decrease the likelihood of the behavior being emitted in the future.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/emily-john/spread-some-valentines-day-love_b_6645416.html

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/11/jackie-robinson-west-wins-little-league-world-series_n_6660036.html

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Positive reinforcement, negative punishment, behavior, antecedent, consequence, emit, emitted, emitting, target behavior

1. Doctors are trying to tell parents to not intentionally expose their children to infectious diseases. There are anti-vaccination parents who are taking their children to "measles parties" to get the disease out of the way and to gain immunity. In California there has been a measles outbreak which there have been more than 100 cases have been recorded.
2. The target behavior is the doctor telling parents to not purposefully expose their children to infectious diseases.
3. Hopefully the consequence of this behavior will be that the parents do not expose their children to measles.
4. It will not increase the frequency of the behavior.
5. If the parents do not expose their children will not have the measles which would be removing something undesirable.
6. The antecedent is doctors speaking out to the public.
7. A= Doctors speaking out to the public
B= Telling parents to not expose their children to measles
C= Parents will not expose their children to measles and there should not be an outbreak
8. If the parents do not listen it is a negative reinforcement because their might be an outbreak and the children will have the disease. If the parents listen to the doctors then it is a positive reinforcement because people will not be getting dangerous diseases.
9. A couple who both worked very hard at their jobs and had long hours lived very comfortably earning around 6 figures each year. They had a nice house, cars, and lots of cloths. They had many hardships with not being happy with their jobs, losing a sister and a mother, parents divorcing, trying to conceive a child, and a sisters newborn being flown to intensive care. After all of these unfortunate events she had changed. The couple quit their jobs and sold their house. Next they bought a ticket to Bolivia and began to travel. They traveled the world by house sitting.
10. The target behavior is the couple traveling the world together.
11. The consequence of this behavior is that they are both much happier.
12. This will not decrease the frequency of the behavior.
13. The couple is adding something desirable by traveling which is being happy.
14. The antecedent is the couple traveling the world.
15. A= Traveling the world
B=Quitting their jobs and traveling the world
C= The couple is actually happy
16. This would be a positive punishment because by quitting their jobs and traveling the world they are gaining happiness.
17. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/11/measles-parties-warning_n_6658232.html
http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20150205-how-we-quit-our-jobs-to-travel-the-cubicle-dwellers/2
18. Terms: Target behavior, consequence, behavior, postive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.

For your news I would like you to

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
I chose to do a piece off of the npr.org website called “Even 'Proper' Technique Exposes Nurses' Spines To Dangerous Forces” I chose this article because my sister is a nurse so I thought it would be interesting to read and also share with her. Basically, the article discusses how different nursing schools and programs are not teaching the proper way to move patients, and this improper way can cause nurses to lose their jobs due to extensive back injuries.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior is teaching nurses the correct way to move patients while working with them in their day to day careers.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is staying healthy and making sure back problems don’t occur
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because when the procedure of moving patients is done correctly the nurses will be in less pain.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
In this case, the consequence is removing something that is undesirable (back pain) by teaching the nurses the proper way to move patients.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Nursing programs
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Nursing programs
B= Proper teaching of how to move patients
C= Less career ending back injuries

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
Negative reinforcement is shown in this article because the removal of the back pain is occurring in order for the correct way to move patients happens more in the future.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
The nursing programs are eliciting improper ways to move patients which is emitting nurses to move patients causing them aversive back pain in the future. Extinction is occurring because nurses used to be reinforced in programs for moving patients in a certain way, but now this way of moving patients is changing so they will no longer be reinforced for the old improper way.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.
http://www.npr.org/2015/02/11/383564180/even-proper-technique-exposes-nurses-spines-to-dangerous-forces
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This piece I listened to on npr.org was under the US news section. To briefly describe it, an officer named Peter Liang, faces multiple counts such as manslaughter, for shooting an unarmed man while he was on duty in November.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is shooting an unarmed man
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is multiple counts including manslaughter
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will decrease the behavior (hopefully) because the man will be in jail for a long amount of time
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence is adding something desirable, jail time.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
Routine patrol in November

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Routine Patrol
B= Shot innocent man
C= Goes to jail

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is positive punishment because it is adding jail time in order for the behavior in the future to decrease
http://www.npr.org/2015/02/11/385537498/nypd-officer-indicted-by-grand-jury-for-unarmed-mans-death
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Positive punishment, negative punishment, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, aversive, elicit, emit, punish, consequence, antecedent, behavior.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
a. I the piece I read, the article talked about the benefits of exercising outside rather than inside in a gym. It encouraged people to exercise outside more to reap the benefits and for policy makers to promote more green space in cities. The great weather and places to exercise outside elicited the outdoor exercise behavior, and the people in the study emitted the behavior of exercising outside, there fore they had reduced stress and higher levels of vitamin D.
2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
a. exercising outside decreases tension, confusion, anger and depression.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
a. A person after emitting the behavior of exercising outside has the consequence of feeling less stressed and having a healthier body and mind.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
a. When people feel less stress, or start to see that they maybe losing weight or other physical changes in their body that show health, they are more likely to continue that particular behavior. In this case the mental health that goes along with working out outside, may encourage people to want to work out outside more often.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable.
-This is the addition of sunshine, fresh air, and plants to an exercise program.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is having a place outside and good enough weather to exercise outside.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= parks/sunshine 
B= exercising outside
C= reduced stress

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is positive reinforcement because it is the addition of sunshine, and nice weather to a regular exercise routine.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
Depending where you are in the world there could be several establishing operations, one in particular is if you are from the Midwest where the weather is only pleasant certain times of the year and is aversive others. In this case the nice weather is an establishing operation because people will get extra “happy” from it. In the spring peoples mood tends to be lifted. Extinction may occur here if people only work out outside. Eventually the sunshine and vitamin D may cause sunburn or get too hot making it aversive to exercise outside.

that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.
For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This piece is another clip on the trial against the man who shot and killed “American Sniper” Chris Kyle. Supposedly, Kyle had texted his friend while they were in the car that the guy behind them was “nuts”. The case is coming down to whether or not Eddie Ray Routh knew what he was doing when he pulled the trigger and his punishment will be based off of that. Routh will have an aversive punishment by serving a prison sentence for his behavior.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is killing innocent people
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The Consequence is a prison sentence
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
Eddie Ray Routh if given prison time will more than likely spend the rest of his life in prison, here he will not be given many priviallages especially not owning or using a gun, therefore he will be unable to kill anyone else.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence is the removal of something desirable. He will no longer have many rights, or the freedom to do as he wishes like most Americans.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is being at the gun range with a loaded gun.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Being at the gun range
B=killing two people
C= going to prison

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is negative punishment because they are taking away Routh’s privileges in prison.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/23/outdoor-exercise-health-benefits_n_1616467.html

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-31425392

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Positive Punishment, antecedent, behavior, consequence, aversive, establishing operations, extinction, positive reinforcement, emit, elicit,

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
After 30 years in prison a man is released from prison for the rape and murder that occurred in 1984. An investigation began by the states conviction integrity unit and cleared the accused after there was DNA evidence clearing him of any connection the crime.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior I am using for this assignment is the assignment of going home and being with his family.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is his happiness of seeing his family as an innocent man after 30 years in jail.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
Consequence of the man being happy to see his family after 30 years will make him grateful every time he sees them.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence adds happiness.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Being freed from prison after DNA evidence came out clearing him.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Being freed from prison
B=Going home to his family
C=Happiness.

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because something is being added to increase the behavior. Being able to see his family after not seeing them for 30 years will increase his happiness and he will be happy to see them each time.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
The article I chose for this details the “Stop Telling Women To Smile” campaign going on in Mexico City. The campaign was started as an attempt to denounce and raise awareness for street harassment though a series of posters.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The behavior in this instance is having posters with portraits and quotes from victims of street harassment.
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of seeing the posters is being made aware of what women are yelled at on the street and realizing that this happens to women of all ages.
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
By raising awareness it will stop younger generations from continuing street harassment.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence in this situation involve removing catcalling and street harassment from current and future generations.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the instance is the rampant street harassment in Mexico City, the creator of this campaign was a target of street harassment herself and is passionate about this project.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Girl is harassed on the street
B= Plasters anti-harassment posters throughout the city.
C=People are made aware how harmful street harassment is and the behavior is reduced.

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment, because the public are gaining awareness to the problem.
17) Punishment: http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2015/02/10/384994475/stop-telling-women-to-smile-denouncing-jackals-and-catcalling-in-mexico
Reinforcement: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/02/11/385550452/dna-evidence-frees-illinois-man-convicted-of-rape-murder-in-1984

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence, Target Behavior, Positive reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment, positive punishment.

1) Ramadi, a city in central Iraq and the capital of Al Anbar, has been engaged with ISIL fighters everyday. ISIL has all of Anbar and it also wants to seize its capital. Fighting happens in Ramadi everyday and it reduces Iraqi City to ruins. Iraqi soldiers based in Ramadi have been battling ISIL fighters for more than a year and they are determined that they can win. They are keen to do their jobs even though ISIL attacks them everyday, because ISIL suffers from huge losses every time they attack Ramadi.

2) The target behavior in this video is Iraqi soldiers defending the city from ISIL.

3) The consequence of the behavior is the removal of ISIL forces from the city.

4) The purpose of Iraqi soldiers attacking the ISIL is to prevent their city from being taken away. ISIL suffers from huge losses every time they attack Ramadi. Since the consequence of Iraqi soldiers defending their city is the removal of ISIL forces, it is rewarding to them. Hence, it will increase the probability of the behavior from occurring again in the future.

5) The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable, the ISIS team.

6) The antecedent is Ramadi being attacked by ISIL.

7)
A= Ramadi being attacked by ISIL
B= Iraqi soldiers defending the city from ISIL
C= The removal of ISIL forces from the city

8) This is an example of negative reinforcement because it increases the probability of a behavior (Iraqi soldiers attacking ISIL to defend their city) occurring in the future by removing an adverse outcome (removal of the ISIL forces) as an effect of the behavior. Besides that, this is also a scenario of operant behavior because the action of Iraqi soldiers sets the occasion for either reinforcement (removal of ISIL forces) or punishment (being seriously injured during the attack) to occur. Knowing that their city has been attacked everyday for a year, the soldiers do not stop defending. However, the soldiers would not be so careful and protective if it wasn’t because of the attack from ISIL, therefore the attack from ISIL is a discriminative stimuli. Freedom deprivation is an establishing operation. Knowing that ISIL has all of Anbar except its city, Ramadi has lost a lot of its freedom. When ISIL claimed that they want Ramadi as well, it makes them want freedom more.

9) This news is about how Puerto Rican parents of obese children would be fined up to $800 if their kids do not get healthier. There would be diet-and-exercise program combined with monthly visits to ensure that is is being followed. After six months, officials would evaluate the child again, with parents possibly facing between $500 and $800 in fines if the situation does not improve within another six months to a year.

10) The target behavior in this news is emitted by parents. They fail to encourage their child to live a healthy lifestyle and to help them do so, thereby causing them to become obese and unhealthy.

11) The consequence of the behavior is being fined a huge amount.

12) The consequence (being fined) of the behavior (parents fail to encourage their child to live a healthy lifestyle) is undesirable causing a decrease in the possibility of the behavior occurring again in the future.

13) The consequence involves the removal of something desirable (money).

14) The antecedent is being a parent living in Puerto Rico.

15)
A= Parent living in Puerto Rico
B= Parents fail to encourage and support their child to live a healthy lifestyle, thereby causing them to become obese and unhealthy.
C= Being fined a huge amount

16) This is an example of negative punishment because it decreases the likelihood of an undesirable behavior (parents fail to encourage their child to live a healthy lifestyle) reoccurring by taking something favorable (money) away.

17) http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/live-news/2015/2/fighting-reduces-iraqi-city-to-ruins.html

http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/2/11/puerto-rico-lawmakers-debate-bill-giving-fines-for-obesity.html

18) Behavior, consequence, negative reinforcement, adverse, operant behavior, reinforcement, punishment, discriminative stimuli, deprivation, establishing operation, antecedent, negative punishment, emitted

Reinforcement

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
- The article I chose was about sleep. This article focus on the importance of sleep and gives an examples of how it impacts of athletes performance. However, sleep not only have an impact on athletes but persons that are not athletes as well. A scientific study reinforce the value of sleep in athletes.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
- The target behavior is to sleep 10 hours a night. The sleep and the rest are important to the athlete sin specific and may have a great impact in her or his performance.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
- The consequence is that the athlete in this article increased his performance by 9%. It was a basketball male player.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
- Since the consequence involves having a great performance. The athlete in this case is more likely to keep the behavior of having a goodnight of sleep. This is because, he might get big benefits from it. The athlete may classify to higher basketball leagues tournaments or teams in this case, and his performance might be very beneficial for him and his team.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
- In this case, this reinforcement is the addition of something desirable. To be honest, I think everyone might love to have a good night of sleep and rest. Some of us can’t achieve that every day because of the long days and the hard working routine. However, in this case adding some great hours of sleep it will be beneficial for our body and mind. Therefore the addition of something desirable, in this case sleep, will emit good consequences.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
- The antecedent in this case is the student sleep an average sleep hours. Around 7-8 hours of sleep.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Sleeping average hours of normal sleep.
B= Sleep for 10 hours
C= Great performance and beneficial for the body and mind.

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
- This is an examples of positive reinforcement because something desirable is added to the everyday life of the individual.

Punishment

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
- A 14 year old boy, cutted his hair for charity. However, his school said there were rules for haircuts and he can’t get back to school. In my opinion, this is a drastic punishment because he was doing it for a good cause. However, he gets punished for a good cause making the behavior less likely to occur.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
- The target behavior is to the students of that school, follow the rules of respecting the haircuts rules.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
- The consequence of not following the rules, like this boy, is to not be allowed to get into school again till the hair is back.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
- The consequence will make other students and this student in specific to follow the rules of the school. However, on the other side it might cause a decrease of people donating hair to charity which in my opinion is something positive to society.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
-It is the removal of something desirable in this case. Some kids of this age wouldn’t like to go back to school for a while. However, the parents and this student in special are looking for the students future and missing school is not something positive.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
-The antecedent is donating hair to charity.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Boy donates his hair to charity.
B= School says he broke the school rules regarding haircuts and its consider something aversive.
C=The boy, student, is not allowed in the school until it grows back.

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
- This is an example of negative punishment because enow the boy can’t go to school until his hair is back. Therefore, he is missing school work, classes and he is falling behind.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-13974130
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-somerset-31064620

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Reinforcement, positive reinforcement, desirable, consequence, behavior, emit, antecedent, punishment, aversive, negative punishment.

The article that I read for this blog post was entitled The Learning Myth: Why I’ll Never Tell My Son He’s Smart. This article discusses the topic of growth mindset. A growth mindset occurs when someone is positively reinforced for their struggles as opposed to their trait. Having a growth mindset provides a better foundation that will elicit a learning behavior. Researchers have found a correlation between the numbers of neural connections that are formed from accomplishing difficult tasks as opposed to easy ones.

The author, Salman Khan, of the article explains that our intelligence is not fixed, but individuals grow more from being reinforced when they struggle.
Dr. Carol Dweck has done some research on mindsets. She has found that most individuals have one of two mindsets: fixed or growth. In addition, she has found that most people will continue to complete tasks that they know they will have a higher percent at success, as opposed to a task where they will struggle. The opposite is also true, individuals with a growth mindset emit behaviors that challenge them to grow in some way.

Mr. Khan explains further down in the article that mindsets are taught. Therefore, individuals should challenge their mindsets in order to experience growth. Since mindsets can be taught, or learned, multiple sources have been made available that provide access to various types of content that individuals can use to expand their knowledge of different topics. However, as Mr. Khan explains not everyone will make good use of these tools to their advantage. As a result Mr. Khan wants to start a national conversation about developing a growth mindset.

The target behavior that is being focused on is developing a growth mindset. As a consequence of developing a growth mindset an individual may challenge themselves more. By developing a growth mindset an individual will continue to grow in many areas. They experience a pleasant feeling when succeeding at a task that they found challenging. While the challenge may feel aversive, they produce results that are deemed desirable.

A= the antecedent is reading an article about growth mindset
B= the behavior being emitted is performing a challenging new task
C= as a consequence growth occurs

The process of developing a growth mindset could have characteristics of both positive and negative reinforcement. It removes the challenge in which the organism experiences unpleasant situations that challenge them. However, it adds growth and the pleasant feeling of success which is what behavior being emitted by the organism was originally. The antecedent for this operant conditioning technique would be reading The Learning Myth: Why I’ll Never Tell My Son He’s Smart, or something similar to it.

An individual by the name of Edmond Aviv was sentenced to a short term sentence in jail, community service, and was required to sit with a sign that read “I am a bully, I pick on children that are disabled, and I am intolerant of those that are different from myself. My actions do not reflect an appreciation for the diverse South Euclid community I live in.” Mr. Aviv was taken to court because he had rigged a machine that was blowing kerosene fumes in to the Prugh home. Mr. Aviv was mocked, criticized, and yelled at from vehicles that passed him by.

Mr. Aviv felt that his punishment was unfair. Mr. Simmons, a South Euclid Municipal court Bailiff, went to verify that Mr. Aviv was carrying out his sentence as ordered. Mr. Simmons was quoted saying that when he was younger Mr. Aviv had bullied him as well. This seems as a good example of extinction. Although the bullying behavior may not have been reinforced Mr. Aviv states “the judge destroyed me.” Which has a connotation of extinguishing the behavior.
The target behavior of this article was to decrease the likelihood of Mr. Aviv emitting a bullying behavior in the future. The consequence of Mr. Aviv’s behavior is sitting on the corner of the street with a sign describing his offense.

A= the antecedent is Mr. Aviv seeing a handicapped individual
B= the behavior is Mr. Aviv bullying the individual
C= the consequence of Mr. Aviv’s behavior is sitting on the corner of a street with a sign describing his offense.

This is an example positive punishment. In this example, Mr. Aviv faces an aversive situation where he is ridiculed by individuals passing by that read his sign. The antecedent is Mr. Aviv seeing a handicapped individual. Mr. Aviv’s sign acts as a discriminative stimulus to driver’s passing by which elicits a mocking, or ridiculing, behavior, thus as a result Mr. Aviv feels uncomfortable.

Terms: positively reinforced, elicit, reinforce, emit, behavior, target behavior, consequence, pleasant, aversive, desirable, negative reinforcement, organism, unpleasant, operant condition, extinction, decrease the likelihood, positive punishment, discriminative stimulus, reinforcement, punishment,

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/salman-khan/the-learning-myth-why-ill_b_5691681.html
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/04/13/302708417/-bully-serves-his-punishment-holding-sign-in-public

1. The summary that I chose was from National Public Radio and it talked about why hot chocolate is now the new apple pie. This article explained the history of chocolate and how it was used by colonist in America.

2. The target behavior that the article discusses is the higher production of chocolate. The settlers found a new food that they liked to put in their drinks causing them to want to consume large amounts of. This food was chocolate.

3. The consequence of the behavior was the high rise in popularity and availability of chocolate in America. This consequence lead to a high demand of chocolate and thus causing the high amounts of production and popularity that we see today.

4. The consequence will increase the frequency of the production of the chocolate. With the higher demand in the product, producers of chocolate will look to profit from the demand and will increase their production. With ever increasing production, more and more companies will try to profit and with higher competition it will have a decrease in price for chocolate making it more available and popular for the general public. This in turn gives us the argument that hot chocolate is as popular as apple pie in America.

5. The consequence involves the addition of something as it increases the availability and popularity of chocolate. This reinforcer will increase production and popularity of chocolate.

6. The antecedent of behavior is the discovery of chocolate in America and high demand for it.

7. A= Discovering chocolate in America
B= Increased production of chocolate
C= Increased popularity consumption of chocolate

8. This is an example of positive reinforcement.

9. The article that I chose for this next section was about Tiger Woods and his withdrawal from tournament play due to his poor play. Tiger has been plagued by injuries and because of that, his golf play has decreased tremendously. Because of that, Tiger has decided to withdraw from any tournaments until he feels he can play at his standard of golf again.

10. The target behavior that Tiger is emitting is his poor tournament play

11. The consequence of this behavior is Tiger is forcing himself to not play any more tournaments until he feels his game is up to the standard of what it used to be.

12. This consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior because this is Tiger's job. If Tiger no longer plays in any tournaments, then he doesn't get paid. Tiger wants to get paid, therefore he will work on his game and try to improve his poor play.

13. This punishment is the removal of something desirable. Tiger wants to play because he loves the game of golf and he likes getting paid for playing.

14. The antecedent of this situation is Tiger is a professional golfer.

15. A= Tiger is professional golfer
B= Tiger is playing poorly
C= Tiger is taken out of tournament play until he can play well again.

16. This is an example of negative punishment because the punisher is taking away something Tiger loves to do.

17. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/02/11/385497566/why-hot-chocolate-might-be-more-american-than-apple-pie

http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/golf/31432730

18. Terms: Reinforcement, Punishment, Target Behavior, Reinforcer, Punisher, Emitting, Consequence, Antecedent, positive reinforcement, negative punishment

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about ways to eat healthier. It gives tips based on what you are craving, for example, if you are craving something chocolaty it suggests that you should try dipping some fruit in dark chocolate because this is a more healthy option.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
Eating more healthy options the target behavior for this article.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is having a healthier lifestyle or feeling better about oneself.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
Having a healthy lifestyle and feeling good about yourself is enough to want to engage in these behaviors.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence is adding something desirable because being healthy is a desirable behavior for most.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Craving something unhealthy

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Craving something unhealthy or undesirable
B= Eating a more healthy alternative
C= having a healthier lifestyle

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This would be positive reinforcement because it is adding healthier options to your diet that would increase the likelihood of the behavior to occur again in the future.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This involves the extinction of eating unhealthy food because it used to be reinforced because it tastes good but it is not reinforced anymore to create a healthier lifestyle.
The operant behavior would be eating healthy because it sets up the reinforcement of having a healthier lifestyle and feeling good.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.

For your news I would like you to

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
An elementary teacher is being criminally charged with raping a student for a period of four years.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior would be raping children.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
the consequence of the behavior would be going to jail if it is reported.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will decrease the frequency because there won't be any children to engage in those behaviors and going to jail is meant to rehabilitate to get them on the right track.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
This involves removing something desirable as in freedom but it is also adding something undesirable because they are contained to a new location.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
Child moved in with his teacher.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Child moves into teacher's home
B= Teacher commits sexual activities with child
C= Child reports teacher and teacher is sentenced

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This would be negative punishment because freedom is being taken away which is aversive to lessen the likelihood of it occurring again.

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

(Found on Huffington Post)
http://www.popsugar.com/fitness/9-Easy-Ways-Crush-Your-Food-Cravings-36278289

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/06/darcy-smith-teacher-rape-student_n_6629876.html?cps=gravity_2425_-2096116934880783259

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

consequence, positive reinforcement, negative punishment, extinction, operant behavior, target behavior, reinforced

What we would like you to do is to continue applying what we are learning in class to real world matters. Some might ask, "What good is learning psychology if we can't apply it to real world matters?" So that is what we are going to do with this week's topical blog assignment.

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
I chose to find an article from NPR titled, "Going to College May Cost You, But so will skipping it." This article stated that in the United States, the total student loan debt is over $1 trillion dollars. In this article they compared the average student loan debt for a four year degree to buying a house, however, the price is worth it to attend college. It states that people who attend college and have a college degree on average makes $17,500 more than the people who did not attend college and it states that the only thing more expensive than going to college is not going. This article shares, that going to college doesn't guarantee a well-paying job when you are finished. Therefore, what a student chooses to major in is very important.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior that I am using to illustrate reinforcement is going to college for four years.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is that individuals who attend college and obtain a four year degree will make around $18,000 more annually than those who do not attend college.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
Since money is a reinforcer, more students will attend college. Since most people consider gaining money to be desirable, individuals will be reinforced to see the ways in which making more money will be beneficial to them.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This consequence involves the addition of something desirable (receiving more money yearly).

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent in this example would be attending college.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Going to college
B=Obtaining a four year degree
C=Receiving $18,000 more yearly

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement, because due to the increase of an annual income it will cause the frequency of attending college to increase as being able to afford more throughout life is an incentive for many people to choose to attend college and obtain a four year degree.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This example of positive reinforcement could also lead to extinction, with the fact after receiving a four year degree the target behavior does not need to continue to be reinforced. However, with many jobs needing continuous training and updates throughout our careers this could be a similar type of reinforcement to stay current or instead loose our jobs if we don't stay updated with our skills we gained through completing a four year degree.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.

For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
The article that I chose to read for punishment deals with cyberbullying and how it can lead to suicides. The article talks about a 14 year old female from Italy who decided to get the app ask.fm after being broken up with by her boyfriend and wanted to receive sympathy. She had posted things about being suicidal, but around a week before she chose to commit suicide she had stopped posting suicidal thoughts/images. The article says that the female from Italy would post pictures of cuts she had made to herself on her arms.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior that illustrates punishment in this article would be a young girl being cyberbullied.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is the young girl choosing to commit suicide.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of this behavior will decrease the frequency of being cyberbullied as the app ask.fm has been asked to shut down and the people behind the app plan to fully cooperate with the Italian authorities. The young girls family is also fighting to have stronger laws about being cyberbullied to be enforced.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
This consequences involves the removal of something desirable. It caused the family of the young girl to lose her as well as people who use this app not for cyberbullying to potentially being unable to use it in the future if ask.fm is shut down due to the cyberbullying issues.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent for this article is the 14 year old female's boyfriend breaking up with her.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Boyfriend breaking up with her
B=Cyberbullying
C=Suicide

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This example of the 14 year old girl committing suicide is an example of negative punishment. Negative punishment means that you take something desirable away. Since the family lost their daughter, and she was desirable to them, it makes this an example of negative punishment.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
Reinforcement: http://www.npr.org/2014/02/11/275297408/going-to-college-may-cost-you-but-so-will-skipping-it
Punishment: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26151425

18) Terms- Target behavior, reinforcement, reinforcer, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, extinction, punishment, negative punishment, increase frequency of behavior, decrease frequency of behavior, ABC's of behavior modification

Reinforcer:
1. British football team Aston Villa has sacked their manager in response to cry from fans.
2. The Target behavior is the fans calling for a new manager
3. The consequence of this behavior is manager Paul Lambert got sacked.
4. The fans want the current manager gone. Now Aston has fired Lambert, and they have stated it is due to the fan base. This will increase the likelihood than the fans will once again be up in arms if they want change.
5. This involves the removal of an object seen with aversive valance
6. The antecedent is the football clubs losing record.
7. ABC
A= Aston losing record
B= fans riot
C= Lambert fired
8. This is an example of negative reinforcement. The coach is seen by the fans to have undesired valance. And the removal of him from his position shows the fans that by rioting they can get what they want, the removal of an undesired stimuli. By removing a stimuli we will either have negative reinforcement or punishment. Since the act of rioting proves to elicit a desired behavior from the club, that will increase the likelihood of the fans repeating their riots, this is reinforcement.

Punisher:
9. In my news source I found an article on the title strip of the little current little league champs. They were stripped of their championship title last wednesday, due to cheating. The coaches recruited players outside of their jurisdiction. This is against the rules of little league.
10. The Target behavior I am using to illistrate punishment, is getting caught cheating.
11. The consequence of this behavior is the stripping of their U.S. championship tittle
12. This consequence has lead to a lot of sad and upset children. Hopefully this will encourage coaches to emit a more honorable behavior.
14. This event involves the removal of a desired object, it has pleasurable valance.
15. The antecedent to this incident, was the team cheating in the U.S. championship
16. ABC:
A= Cheating in the U.S. Little league championship
B= Getting caught
C= being stripped of the championship title
17. This is an example of negative punishment. This is due to the fact that is was the removal of a desired stimuli, their title, and that it will decrease the likelihood that they will cheat again.

http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/31431649
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/11/jackie-robinson-west-reaction_n_6665260.html
Terms: undesired valence, negative reinforcement, negative punishment, elicit, reinforcement, target behavior, aversive valance, antecedent, punishment, emit, behavior, pleasurable valance

1)The article explains the psychology behind phantom phone calls or texts, when you think you hear your phone ring or feel it vibrate. It explains that this is due to a particular sensitivity level of your perceptual system. Your perceptual system is attuned to whether or not missing a call or text would be aversive or not. In a sense your perceptual system has its own baseline for how often you will feel a phantom phone call/text, and this is modified based on the consequences. The more aversive missing a call or text would be the more sensitive your perceptual system becomes to avoid this consequence, resulting in more phantom calls. The phantom phone calls/texts elicit the response of checking your phone to check for a text/call.
2)The target behavior illustrating reinforcement is setting your phone to a higher vibration intensity which will mean that missing a call/text is less likely.
3)The consequence of this operant behavior is that you will feel more phantom vibrations because your sensitivity to these false alarms is increased due to the aversive nature of missing a phone call and the increased vibration intensity.
4)The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because missing a phone call due to not feeling it vibrate is aversive, however feeling phantom vibrations will reduce the likelihood of missing a phone call, thereby increasing your willingness to feel phantom vibrations to alleviate the risk of the aversive consequence of missing a call/text.
5)The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable, the risk of missing a phone call due to not feeling it vibrate.
6)The antecedent is the fact that missing a phone call is aversive.
7)The ABC's of the behavior:
A=missing a phone call is aversive
B=set phone to higher vibration intensity
C=feel more phantom vibrations
8)This is an example of positive reinforcement because feeling more phantom vibrations means that the likelihood of a missed call is reduced, which will reinforce these phantom vibrations to avoid missing a phone call or text in the future under similar circumstances.
9)This article discusses the repercussions of anti-gay tweets. A Kent State wrestler, Sam Wheeler, was tweeting anti-gay thoughts about the college football player, Michael Sam, coming out publically. Wheeler was making some very homophobic comments on Twitter, and the consequence was that he was suspended indefinitely until an appropriate course of action can be determined for moving forward. Hopefully this suspension is enough of a punishment to modify Sam Wheeler’s behavior or at least his overt thoughts over Twitter and other social media.
10)The behavior of putting homophobic comments on Twitter is being punished with Sam Wheeler being indefinitely suspended from the wrestling team.
11)The consequence of this behavior was being suspended from the wrestling team indefinitely. The suspension may inspire Wheeler to emit more socially appropriate behaviors through self-directed behavior modification.
12)This consequence will decrease the behavior in that, assuming that wrestling is a pleasurable stimuli for Sam Wheeler, taking away wrestling for the team will be aversive for Sam, and thus decrease the chance of him behaving in a similar way in the future under similar circumstances.
13)The consequence in this example involves the removal of something desirable, the ability to wrestle for the school team. The deprivation of the ability to wrestle for the school will hopefully motivate Wheeler to find a way to make up for his actions.
14)The antecedent is having homophobic beliefs.
15)The ABC's of the behavior:
A=homophobic beliefs
B=homophobic comment posted on Twitter
C=suspended from wrestling team
16)This would be an example of negative punishment because the consequence of this behavior was the removal of something pleasurable, being able to wrestle on the school team. This is punishment because it will, hopefully, decrease the behavior of posting homophobic comments on the internet. Ideally being punished for this cruel homophobic comment will result in extinction of this behavior and ideally the beliefs behind it. I would also hope that this punishment has been severe enough that Wheeler has changed his beliefs and will self-reinforce better beliefs and at the very least better overt behaviors.
Terms Used: aversive, consequence, target behavior, reinforcement, antecedent, positive reinforcement, punishment, punished, pleasurable, desirable, negative punishment, extinction, self-reinforce, operant behavior, elicit, response, deprivation, self-directed, behavior modification, baseline
Reinforcement: www.bbc.com/future/story/20130701-why-you-feel-phantom-phone-calls
Punishment: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/11/sam-wheeler-suspended_n_4768838.html

Reinforcement
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
- The article i found was a mom whose son was being a victim of bullying and instead of getting upset at the bully she went to the principle and they developed a plan on an anti-bullying project at the school.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
-To stop bullying

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
-Kids will stand up against the bullier.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
-Kids will stand up against bullying and the bullier will stop.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
-Removal of the bullying behavior.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
-Program to stop bullying

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Program to stop bullying
B=Stop bullying
C=Kids stand up against bullier.

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
-Positive reinforcement because the kids are adding a program to stop bullies.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
-This is an extinction because the goal is to extinguish bullying.

Punishment
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
- The article i found was about the Little League World Series and Chicago's Jackie Robinson West team who won getting their championship revoked for cheating because of illegal players playing on the team.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
-No cheating

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
-Losing their championship

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
-Teams wont want to win the championship then get it elicit because of cheating.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
-Elicit of the championship.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
-Win the Little League World Series

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Win the Little League World Series
B=Not to Cheat
C=Elicit the Championship trophy for cheating

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
-Negative punishment because the championship was taken away.

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

Reinforcement: http://www.wsbt.com/news/local/local-mom-turns-sons-bullying-incident-into-positive-reinforcement/30743702

Punishment: http://www.cbssports.com/general/eye-on-sports/25067723/jackie-robinson-west-hires-high-profile-attorney-to-investigate-punishment

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
-Punishment, Negative punishment,extinction, positive reinforcement, elicit, extinction, consequence

Reinforcement

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
The article that I chose is “Is It Ok to Attend a Concert on a First Date?”. This article talks about the pros and cons of attending a concert on a first date. It's not always easy to have a getting-to-know-you chat while a band blares away nearby, but you're also alleviating some of the pressure to have what could turn out to be a nervous, stilted conversation.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The target behavior is going to a concert on a first date.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of going to a concert on a first date is it alleviates pressure because you can enjoy the live music without forgoing conversation entirely.

4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
Because being in a concert can distract you and make you less nervous on your first date, the tendency to go to a concert on your every first date is higher in future.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence of going to a concert on a first date involves the removal of an undesirable stimulus (pressure), which then increases the chance of going to concerts on your first date in future.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is first date.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= First date
B= Going to a concert
C= Alleviate pressure

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why. Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This is an example of a negative reinforcement because it is increasing the target behaviour by removing an unpleasant stimulus which in this case is pressure. You will be more likely to go to a concert in the future when you have a first date because it will alleviate the pressure and make you feel less nervous. Therefore, going to a concert is reinforcing to you.

Punishment

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about Bahrain protesters rallying to mark the fourth anniversary of calling for reform in the tiny island nation. This protest was led by the Shiite majority that sought greater political right from the Western-allied Sunni monarchy. Authorities crushed the protests within weeks after getting help from Saudi and Emirati security forces. As a result of the protest, the focal point for the protest movement in the capital, Manama, was bulldozed as part of the initial crackdown and remains sealed off. Several prominent opposition activists were put in prison.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior that illustrates punishment is the protest led by the Shiite majority to call for reform.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the protest led by the Shiite majority to call for reform is protest being crushed by authorities, the protest venue was bulldozed and they were put in prison.

12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
Being put in prison as a result of protesting will decrease the protesting behavior because of the intensity of the punishment.

13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence of the behavior involves the addition of something undesirable. Protesting to call for reform puts the Shiite’s in prison by the authorities.

14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is greater political right.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Greater political right
B= Protest
C= Put in prison

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because it involves the addition of an undesirable stimulus which is putting the Shiite protesters in prison in hope that they will stop protesting.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/allsongs/2015/02/14/386130750/the-good-listener-is-it-ok-to-attend-a-concert-on-a-first-date
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/14/bahrain-uprising-anniversary_n_6683652.html?utm_hp_ref=world

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behaviour, consequence, undesirable stimulus, behavior, negative reinforcement, unpleasant stimulus, reinforcing, punishment, intensity, positive punishment.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
The European Union decided to put on hold and delay adding more sanctions directed at Russia and the Ukrainian separatists. This is because Russia agreed to meet with leaders to discuss peace for the region. They delay the sanctions to give the other side a chance to emit a desirable target behavior.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
The desirable target behavior that they are trying to elicit the other side to do is to negotiate for a peaceful outcome.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is that the aversive sanctions are relaxed in response to Russia emitting their target behavior.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the frequency of the target behavior because people in Russia don't want sanctions and if they strive for peace, they will lose the sanctions that are currently against them. Therefor they are reinforced as they increase the frequency of the target behavior.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of an undesirable factor.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the civil strife in Ukraine.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Unrest in Ukraine
B=Agrees for talks of peace
C=Aversive sanctions against Russia are relaxed
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement because it involved the removal of an aversive stimuli in attempt for the subject to increase the frequency of emitting future target behaviors.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This process is an example of extinction because it aims at eliminating the undesirable behavior by taking away aversive factors that would increase the frequency of undesirable behaviors, until the undesirable behavior is no longer relevant.
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
There were large crowds, in a confined area, pressing to get into an Egyptian soccer match. Eventually, the fans tried to rush the gates. The police weren't having any of that nonsense, so the police fired tear gas, which resulted in a stampede killing 20+ peoples.
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is that the police fire tear gas into the large crowds.
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is that it caused a stampede and injury.
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior because hopefully the police will realize that its very aversive and negative to fire tear gas into large crowds that are confined in small spaces, because that gets people killed - which is very aversive.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of something desirable, aka the lives of the soccer fans. Therefore making it a form of negative punishment, which we know doesn't work very well.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is that there is a large crowed area of soccer fans.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Crowded soccer fans
B=Police fire tear gas
C=People die
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of peoples' lives, which is usually considered very aversive, because being alive is definitely a desirable thing. So taking away peoples lives is very undesirable unless your a serial killer.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
-http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31252429
-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/09/ukraine-peace-talks_n_6644318.html
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms: Antecedent, negative/positive punishment, behavior, aversive, desirable, frequency of the behavior, emitted, consequence, extinction, negative reinforcement, elicit, consequence, target behavior, pleasurable.

1) The article that I have chosen is about the Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu agreeing to have an 11th-hour deal to form a new coalition government. He was joined by the right wing Bayit Yehudi Party leader Naftali Bennett.

2) The agreement to form of a new coalition government by Netanyahu

3) The consequence of having a formation of a new coalition government would Netanyahu getting the support from Bennett and his right wing party and probably win his fourth term as Prime Minister.

4) This consequence will increase the target behavior because if Netanyahu wins the votes and support he will continue with this strategy of forming new coalitions within the Israeli government to keep his position as Prime Minister.

5) The consequence is the addition of something desirable which is the support from Bennett and his party.

6) The antecedent is a press conference with Netanyahu and Bennett.

7) A = Press conference with Netanyahu and Bennett
B = formation of a new coalition government
C = getting the support of Bennett and his right wing party

8) This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of a desirable stimulus which is the support of Bennett to increase the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring which is the formation of a new coalition government.

This article has the potential to involve extinction, Netanyahu may not continue to form new coalition governments. Extinction occurs when a target behavior is no longer reinforced, which leads to the individual no longer emitting the behavior of interest. This could possibly happen if Netanyahu does not get the target votes he was looking for and that in turn would reduce the frequency of him forming new coalitions and by not getting support from others he would lose his reinforcer. This would be the extinction of the target behavior.

9) This article was about the controversy surrounding the alteration of the footballs used during the Patriots game.

10) The target behavior was the Tom Brady lied about having no knowledge of the footballs being deliberately deflated after the referee inspected it.

11) The consequence is Brady is facing suspension from playing football.

12) The consequence of facing suspension will decrease the target behavior of lying about illegal alteration of footballs before a match because no football player wants to be suspended.

13) The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable in the form of a suspension

14) The antecedent is Tom Brady being questioned about his involvement in the ball alteration

15) A = Tom Brady being questioned about his involvement in the ball alteration
B = Tom Brady lying about having knowledge of footballs being deliberately deflated after the referee inspected it.
C = Tom Brady faces suspension from playing football

16) This is positive punishment because it involves the addition of an aversive stimulus which is a suspension to decrease the target behavior.

17) http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32618192
http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2455880-tom-bradys-legacy-forever-scarred-by-damning-wells-report

18) Terms: Target behavior, consequence, antecedent, desirable, positive reinforcement, extinction, reinforced, frequency, positive punishment, aversive stimulus, ABC

IN THE NEWS!
What we would like you to do is to continue applying what we are learning in class to real world matters. Some might ask, "What good is learning psychology if we can't apply it to real world matters?" So that is what we are going to do with this week's topical blog assignment.
What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
My article was about a new plan that is being introduced by the Whitehouse and it has the potential to get millions of immigrants to vote.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
If the plan is put into effect a majority of these immigrants will vote democrat.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
A majority of the immigrants will likely vote democrat.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The Democratic Party is ensuring this because culturally, Mexican people tend to lead toward the democratic side anyway, but the democrats are the ones are doing the most to help benefit immigrants in this country.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
I think when it comes to politics it really depends on what your political affiliation is. Personally, I would say that it adds something desirable because although I consider myself an independent, I lean democrat.
6) Tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the plan that is being implemented by the Whitehouse.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=the plan implemented by the Whitehouse
B=immigrants voting democrat
C=the Democratic Party increases immensely, meanwhile the Republican Party stays mostly the same.
7) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why. (Make sure that the consequence will change the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future).
It is positive reinforcement for the democrats.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
It does not involve extinction. It does involve establishing operations because the target behavior here is that more immigrants will vote democrat, so in order to make that happen the democrats have been working hard to be more immigrant friendly, and this behavior is an attempt to elicit the target behavior.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to punishment.
For your news I would like you to
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
My piece is about how military leaders have frequently been the people responsible for coups in Africa recently.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The behavior that I am using is that the president of African countries is being forced out of his positions by his military leaders.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Greedy people are now running the country.
11) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
In the future, I think that there will be more security for the President’s to protect them from other security. I think perhaps a system involving checks and balances could prevent this sort of issue from occurring.
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
The consequence involved the addition of something undesirable because the addition is that the military leaders are electing themselves as President while forcing the actual President out of office.
13) Tell us to the antecedent is.
The military leader follows the orders of the President.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=the military leader follows the orders of the president.
B=the military leader forced the President out of office.
C=the military leader takes over the position.
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because the military leader becoming president is aversive and is being added to the situation.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/09/18/441262257/the-white-house-plan-that-could-get-millions-of-immigrants-to-vote
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34277989
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behavior, elicit, behavior, positive punishment, reinforcement, aversive, antecedent.

“What Social Media Reveals About Narcissism”
For your news I would like you to
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece,
There are many studies recently highlighting the correlation between social media and narcissism. A small new study shows how exactly we use social media to feed our egos. This study involved college-aged individuals on Twitter and middle-aged adults on Facebook. This study revealed that “Twitter fuels younger adults' narcissistic tendencies by acting as a megaphone for their thoughts, while Facebook fuels middle aged adults' narcissistic tendencies by serving as a mirror where they can curate images of themselves.” They state that young people over-evaluate the importance of their own opinions. Researchers found associations between scoring higher on certain traits of narcissism and increased use of Twitter (more posts) among the college students. And for the adults, narcissistic traits were linked with more Facebook status updates.
2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement. The target behavior is posting online, getting feedback they enjoy, therefore doing it again and more often.
3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
This behavior of posting about themselves online and getting the type of attention they want leads them to do it more and more, and that is the consequence of the behavior, the repeat act of looking for attention on social media.
4) Tell us how that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior. After posting something and receiving the attention they want, they feel validated, so they continue to do it again.
5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable. This consequence involves the addition of something desirable, which is they attention they are receiving for their activity on social media.
6) Tell us to the antecedent is. The antecedent is that the individual wants attention or believes they have something really important to share with everyone.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Individual seeking attention
B=
Posts on social media about themselves
C= Receive attention they want
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why. This is positive reinforcement because they are seeking attention and receiving it, therefore it is being encouraged for them to do it again.
“Following Suspension, Brian Williams Probably Wishes He’d Gotten the Tonight Show Job He Wanted”
For your news I would like you to
9) Briefly describe/summarize your piece.
Brian Williams was suspended without pay for 6 months because he has a habit of embellishing his stories and lying. A lot of people tried to tell him to stop, including Tom Brokaw, but he wouldn’t listen. Williams has too much power and it has been a struggle for his boss, Deborah Turness, to keep him under control. They are also looking into his expense accounts because there is suspicion on whether or not he was spending it truthfully.
10) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment.
Williams was suspended for 6 months without pay.
11) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence was that people won’t trust what he says anymore and he doesn’t get to work for at least 6 months and won’t get paid because of the lies he was telling.
12) Tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior.
This could and should be a wake up call for Williams that he could lose his job permanently if he continues with this behavior.
13) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable.
This consequence removes something desirable, his job and pay for 6 months.
14) Tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent was probably his need to seem more interesting than he really was, because he embellished his stories a lot.
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Need for attention and people to admire him
B=
Embellished stories, lied
C= Suspended for 6 months without pay
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is negative punishment because it is taking something away to decrease the frequency of the behavior.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/13/social-media-narcissism-twitter-facebook_n_3423095.html
http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/02/williams-wishes-he-were-tonight-show-host.html
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Positive reinforcement
target behavior
behavior
antecedent
consequence
reinforcement
negative punishment
frequency

"Two Americans Held in Yemen Are Freed, White House Says"
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece,
My article stated that two Americans, 45-year old Scott Darden from New Orleans and 54-year old Sam Farran from Michigan were released from Yemen after being held their since March. The statement was released that they are home and safe now and thanked Yemen's neighbor, Oman, for helping the United States in ensuring the freedom of the two men. The statement thanked everyone who was involved in the process of freeing these men and said that they had been working tirelessly to find them and bring them back to safety. At the end of the statement it said, "This outcome underscores that we have been and will continue to be tireless in pursuing the release of all Americans detained abroad unjustly, including those who remain in the region."

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement.
The target behavior I'm identifying would be bringing the U.S. citizens back into the United States from Yemen. This target behavior will give other families with relation missing in Yemen to not give up hope and continue to keep fighting for their freedom back. It was even put in the statement that because this target behavior was the outcome, they will continue to search tirelessly. This shows that because of this target behavior, it will continue frequently.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence of this behavior is to have the U.S. citizens be back in the U.S. with their family and also get positive statements out (like this one on NPR) to keep increasing the awareness of people captured in Yemen.

4) Tell us how that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior.
Them finding these two Americans give them hope that they will be able to find and free more Americans. This also gives families hope to keep looking for loved ones even harder because they know it's possible to get them back to freedom.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable.
To the United States we are getting an addition or something desirable (the two Americans) however to Yemen they are losing something (the two Americans).

6) Tell us what the antecedent is.
Yemen holding American hostages

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Yemen holding American hostages
B=Bringing the Americans back to the U.S.
C=Increase in searching and rescuing done by the U.S. government and hope to families

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why
This is positive reinforcement because we are adding something (the citizens) to make it happen more frequently and to encourage it to continue.

'Baby Doe' case: Accused killer thought child was 'demon'
9) Briefly describe/summarize your piece.
This article was about a father who killed his daughter because he thought she was a demon. The mother knew about this but she did not go to authorities because she thought her husband would kill her. She also told her family that the state took her child because of her drug usage. He was charged for murder and did not receive bail. The wife's bail was set for one million dollars.

10) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment.
Killing his child

11) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence of killing his child was that he was charged with murder and did not receive a bond to be released on. The consequence for his wife was getting charged with an accessory to murder and also a million dollar bond. They will each go to prison for many years and probably for life.

12) Tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior.
The consequence of him going to prison will not allow him to commit anymore murders which will decrease the frequency of this happening again.

13) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable.
The consequence is the addition of him into the prison system.

14) Tell us what the antecedent is.
Him thinking that his daughter was a demon

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Him thinking his daughter was a demon
B=He killed his child
C=He is being charged with murder and going to prison

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/20/442002128/two-americans-held-in-yemen-are-freed-white-house-says
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34320410

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
positive punishment, negative punishment, consequence, behavior, antecedent, frequency

"Text reminders help people lower Cholesterol, blood pressure"
1. This article was about how getting texts with motivating and informative messages led people with heart disease to change their behavior with exercising more and not smoking as much. They did a study to see if this was accurate and after 6 months the people who had participated and received the texts had reduced their cholesterol, blood pressure and their BMI.

2. The target behavior that I am using is trying to get people that receive the text to change their behavior and maybe exercise or put down the cigarette.

3. the consequence of this behavior is those who go threw with getting the text will be more motivated to live a healthier lifestyle.

4.This consequence will increase the behavior by when they find out they are getting more healthy and their heart disease has gone away they will continue the healthy lifestyle they started.

5. In this consequence something desirable is being removed. the thing being removed is most likely smoking cigarettes. Also the thing that could be removed is unhealthy junk foods and the ability to be lazy is also being removed.

6. the antecedent would be in this situation the person with the different heart disease.

7. ABCs of behavior
A= the person with the heart disease
B= getting the motivating text messages
C= exercising and not smoking as much.

8. This is a example of positive reinforcement. This is positive reinforcement because the heart disease and smoking is being removed. When people hear about this working for someone, they will most likely try it out.
Also I think this involves extinction, because you are taking away the fact that they don't have the excuse of no one told them to do it. and also it taking away something.

9. "Thai printing company refuses to issue todays new York times"
This article is about how the new York times paper didn't get printed in Thailand. The reason the paper was not printed is because the printer thought the story they portrayed on Thailands future and its king health was inappropriate.

10. The target behavior I am trying to get is to not write negative things about a country in the paper.

11. The consequence of the behavior was that the people of Thailand didn't get their daily news for Tuesday. This is a consequence because they didn't some really important information.

12. The consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior by new York times writing good things about a country so their paper gets printed and that everyone in the world gets important news.

13. the consequence involves the removal of something desirable. The people of Thailand's privacy and the news they didn't get that day.

14. the antecedent is the inappropriate news heading.

15. ABCs
A= inappropriate new heading
B= The non printing of the new York times for Thailand
C= the people of Thailand not getting their news for Tuesday.

16. This is negative punishment. It is negative punishment because of 2 reasons, 1 the people of Thailand aren't going to get the news for Tuesday and possibly miss out on valuable information. The second reason is the new York times possibly will lose money and a country to sell its paper to.

17. reinforcement: http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/22/442518139/text-reminders-help-people-lower-their-heart-disease-risk

punishment: http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/22/442483422/thai-printing-company-refuses-to-run-today-s-new-york-times

terms: punishment, reinforcement, desirable, undesirable, extinction, positive reinforcement.

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/17/441125753/snooty-and-lethal-a-blonde-brawler-returns-to-street-fighter-game
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
The creator of the Street Fighter video game series announced they will be adding a character that was on older editions but left out of previous installments. The character is very popular and has been her return has been desired for a long time. There has also been a demand for game developers to pander to fan desires. The reception to the addition was well received and has lead to a large amount of additional hype and excitement for the game.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates reinforcement,
To add popular characters to the game that fans have wanted to return
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
people are more excited for the game and more likely to pre-order the game.
4) tell us how, that consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior,
The Street fighter developers will be more likely to add popular characters from previous games in either new additions or downloadable content.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
Addition of something desirable
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Demand for popular characters
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Demand for popular characters to return
B=Added popular characters
C=More pre-orders and excitement for the game.
8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, or negative reinforcement. Explain why. (Make sure that the consequence will change the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future).
Positive reinforcement. It introduces a desired stimulus of preorders and excitement for the game.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
The addition of the character is an establishing operation for people to purchase the game more than they previously might have, perhaps a fan of the older game will now buy this one so he can play some of their favorite characters again.
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/21/442277661/european-union-to-begin-slapping-labels-on-products-produced-in-israeli-settleme
For your news I would like you to
9) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
EU officials made official a plan to label all products produced in israeli settlements in the Occupied West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights areas. The reason for this is because the working conditions of this are very bad and people in the area are treated poorly
10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates punishment,
The target behavior is to have them treat the people in those areas better.
11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence will be that people will be less likely to buy those products because they will have a bad stigma attached.
12) tell us how, that consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior,
If people buy less of the products, the intention will be that they will treat workers and people in those areas better.
13) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something undesirable or if it involves the removal of something desirable, finally
Addition of something undesirable.
14) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the treatment of the people in the areas where those products are produced
15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Treatment of people in the Occupied West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights
B= Labels placed on products from there
C= Less amounts of people buying them
16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
Positive punishment. They are introducing these labels as an aversive stimuli.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
Reinforcement
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/17/441125753/snooty-and-lethal-a-blonde-brawler-returns-to-street-fighter-game
Punishment http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/21/442277661/european-union-to-begin-slapping-labels-on-products-produced-in-israeli-settleme
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
punishment, positive punishment, antecedent, behavior, consequence, reinforcement, positive reinforcement, establishing operations