Topical Blog Week #11 (Due Wednesday)

| 184 Comments

IN THE NEWS!

What we would like you to do is to continue applying what we are learning in class to real world matters. Some might ask, "What good is learning psychology if we can't apply it to real world matters?" So that is what we are going to do with this week's topical blog assignment.

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to something we have covered so far and that you can apply the ABC's of behavior to.

For your news I would like you to

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=
B=
C=

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.

For your news I would like you to

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally

13) tell us to the antecedent is.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=
B=
C=

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Let us know if you have any questions.

--Dr. M

184 Comments

1. Briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article is about the mayor of Washington D.C. signing a bill that would decriminalize some use of marijuana. This bill if it gets approval from congress would make it legal to own up to one ounce of marijuana.

2. tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior is decriminalizing marijuana. This relates to the concept of reinforcement.

3. tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence is that more people will possess marijuana in small amounts since it is legal.

4. tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
Since it is legal more people will emit the behavior therefor increasing the amount of marijuana use.

5. tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of more people possessing marijuana.

6. tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent is marijuana being illegal.

A= marijuana being illegal
B= decriminalizing small amounts of marijuana
C=more people possess marijuana

This is an example of positive reinforcement because it increased the target behavior and something was added to make it happen.


1. briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article is about GM issuing a recall because for some vehicles which may experience a sudden loss of the power steering. This article also talks about GM recall for a faulty ignition switch. The ignition switch issue has been linked to 13 deaths by GM but the Center for Auto Safety has put the number at 303.

2. tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior is the recall of cars.

3. tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence is that it gives GM a bad reputation and they lose money replacing the parts and paying fines.

4. tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
GM wants to have a good reputation and make money so losing money will decrease the frequency of the behavior.

5. tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
This involves the removal of some of their profits.

6. tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent is the faulty ignition switch and the loss of power steering in some of GM’s vehicles.

A=faulty ignition switch
B=recall of vehicles
C= loss of profits for GM

This is an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of profits for GM.

Terms used: target behavior, consequence, addition, antecedent, negative punishment, reinforcement, positive reinforcement, emit

http://www.bbc.com/news/business-26827824
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/03/31/297339798/d-c-mayor-signs-bill-decriminalizing-some-marijuana-use

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
The article “Do girl scout cookies still make the world a better place?” calls into question the ethical pros and cons of the Girl Scouts of America when it comes to selling their cookies. As the obesity epidemic is becoming more and more of a concern to health organizations as they examine the health drawbacks of promoting unhealthy eating.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior individuals in this story are trying to achieve is the reduction in the sales of high carb cookies that are deemed unhealthy.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is reducing the number of unhealthy cookies that are available to the public.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence of this behavior will lower the frequency to which people eat girl scout cookies because if those who believe Girl Scout cookies are unhealthy have their way, there will be no more to eat.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the removal of something because it will take away the cookies being sold and prevent individuals from eating them.

6) The antecedent is people being concerned with the nutritional value of Girl Scout cookies.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Being concerned with the nutritional value of Girl Scout cookies
B= Getting Girl Scouts to stop selling their cookies
C= Decreasing the amount of Girl Scout cookies the average person will eat.
This is an example of negative reinforcement because it involves the removal of something and in this case this would be the removal of Girl Scout cookies from the general public.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
In the article “Can tech kill off the exam?” an interesting idea of the use of online resources for classes has come up which can also be related to our own class. With the inconvenience for semester tests that span a large amount of material there are now reasons to believe that increasing the amount of online schoolwork will increase productivity. Allowing for students to work at their own pace will allow for more conducive learning and ultimately be the end for final exams as online work will catalog a students learning throughout the course.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior is the increase in the use of online resources for school work.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is increased learning and ultimately the death of final examinations.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence will increase the use of online material and courses because it will increase a student’s learning as well as alleviate the stresses of final exams.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
This consequence involves the addition of something because it will increase the amount of online and computer work a university may put forward to their classes.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent for this would be an administrative board or professor attempting to write a curriculum that provides the most functional learning.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Writing a curriculum
B= Increasing the amount of online classes and resources
C= Students will learn more because they work at their own pace and no more semester tests

This is an example of positive reinforcement because adding more technological applications to classes such as online courses will boost learning and increase the learning of a university’s students.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140328-can-tech-kill-off-the-exam
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/01/295748000/do-girl-scout-cookies-still-make-the-world-a-better-place

Terminology: Positive Reinforcement, decrease, increase, antecedent, behavior, consequence, and target behavior

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

This article was about a Ugandan bishop who advocates for gay rights in a country that actively encourages the discrimination of homosexuals

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept

The target behavior is the increase of rights for homosexuals

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

The consequence of the bishop's behavior results in gay Ugandans feeling more safe and at ease with the support

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

The consequence will hopefully lead to further support of the LGBT community

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something

The consequence involves the addition of something, support for the homosexuals

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent to this scene is Uganda passing harsh anti-gay laws

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Ugandans actively oppress homosexuals
B= Ugandan bishop calls for gay rights
C= Gay Ugandans find a safe place in his presence

This is an example of both positive and negative reinforcement because it involves the removal of something undesirable, discrimination, and the addition of something desirable, acceptance.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,

My news article was about how the dating website OkCupid is encouraging Mozilla Firefox users to switch to a different web browser, since the newly appointed CEO of Mozilla is an open opposer of gay marriage and has donated money in support of Prop 8

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studied so far

This is an example of punishment. The associates at OkCupid are requesting that the user ceases to continue a certain activity, using Mozilla Firefox.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

The consequence of the behavior can vary depending on the user. If the person who receives this message is opposed to gay marriage or simply doesn't care that much either way, they could continue to use Firefox. But those who are in favor of gay marriage may listen to OkCupid's message and switch to another browser.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

The consequence could involve several users to quit using Firefox, which would be a dramatic loss for Mozilla.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something

The consequence involves the removal of something, the removal of Firefox usage

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent would be a Firefox user logging on to use OkCupid

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Firefox user logs on to OkCupid
B= User sees message from OkCupid requesting that they use a different web browser
C= User could obey or ignore the message, depending on their personal views

This is an example of punishment, asking the user to stop using a certain browser.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/30/bishop-senyonjo-uganda-gays_n_5056746.html?utm_hp_ref=religion
http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-26830383

Terminology: punishment, consequence, target behavior, antecedent, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement

The first new article that I read discussed the outbreak of Ebola that is happening in Guinea and other states in Africa. This is one of the worst outbreaks that have happened in years including 78 deaths and 122 cases. The target behavior that I am using to illustrate a behavioral concept is becoming infected with Ebola. The consequence of the behavior, or being infected with Ebola, is suffering from the symptoms or even death. This consequence will affect the behavior by decreasing it because the consequence includes negative outcomes such as uncomfortable or undesirable symptoms or even death. This consequence involves the addition of something aversive. The antecedent is the outbreak of Ebola.

A= outbreak of ebola
B= being infected with ebola
C= 78 deaths from ebola and the biggest outbreak that has been seen in years

This is an example of positive punishment because this involves the addition of an undesirable outcome after an undesirable or unfavorable outcome.

In this second article it discusses the new leg brace that is very simple, but is changing the lives of many wounded individuals. Patients that have been walking with pain and have had to use a cane can now walk pain free and some are now able to run. The target behavior that I am using to illustrate a behavioral concept is creating the leg brace. The consequence of this behavior, or creating the IDEO leg brace, is an injured individual being able to walk or run again and without pain. The consequence will affect the behavior by increasing it because the consequence includes desirable outcomes and will then increase the number of individuals who will want the same results. The consequence involves the addition of something desirable. The antecedent of this is a wounded individual.

A= wounded service members unable to walk
B= creating the IDEO leg brace
C= being able to walk and run without pain

This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus after the behavior that will make it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future.

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26825869
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/03/31/295328707/orthotic-brace-takes-soldiers-from-limping-to-leaping

Terms: reinforcement, positive reinforcement, positive punishment, reinforcing stimulus, aversive, undesirable, desirable, antecedent, behavior, consequence

For your news I would like you to:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
I listened to a new article about small Co-Op health insurance agencies, specifically one in Montana. These Co-Ops, where users own the company are seeing great enrollment numbers and have 8.4% lower premiums than most insurance companies. Around 40% of insurance user in Montana are using Co-Ops, 60% in Nebraska, and 50% in Iowa. People that are choosing these Co-Ops are typically users who have been turned down by other insurance companies, could not afford insurance, or were sick so they were denied. The owner of this particular Montana insurance Co-Op says his good numbers are a function of tirelessly recruiting customers and has plans to expand.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior that I am using to illustrate a behavioral concept is recruiting customers by going door to door.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is the great enrollment numbers these Co-Ops are getting.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence of the target behavior will increase the behavior because these large numbers will ensure these insurance companies to continue to thrive.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of new customers.
6) tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent is U.S. citizens needing health insurance.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Citizens needing health insurance
B= Co-Ops recruiting new customers by going door to door
C= These new small Co-Ops have great enrollment numbers
This news article is an example of positive reinforcement. The harder the Co-Op workers work, the more enrollment numbers they get, the more their company expands.
This example could include an establishing operations because of the National Health Care Act, these cheaper premium companies make using Co-Ops more reinforcing by saving their customers money.


For your news I would like you to:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
For my second article I read about the death penalty. Many large drug companies have stopped selling several lethal injection drugs, cutting off the supplies, and driving up the costs. This is causing states that still practice the death penalty to have pharmacies custom mix and compound drugs so that they work similarly. This is causing many complications with the use of the lethal injections. One man in Oklahoma named Michael Wilson's death took 25 minutes and he was screaming in pain that his whole body was on fire. These complications are causing states to consider possibly using firing squads and gas chambers for the death penalty once more.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior I am using is drug companies refusal to sell lethal injection drugs.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior is longer, more painful lethal injections.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
This consequence could possibly cause the drug companies to reconsider, but as of now they are standing their ground.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of pain and time involved in lethal injections.
6) tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent is in the context of prisoners on death row.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Prisoners on death row
B= Drug companies stopped selling lethal injection drugs
C= Longer more painful deaths

This is an example of negative reinforcement because it involves the removal of the drugs normally used which causes increased pain for the prisoners.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/293327561/small-health-insurance-co-ops-seeing-early-success
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/lethal-injection-drugs_n_4979654.html
Terms: Target behavior, antecedent, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, reinforcing, establishing operations, and consequence.

1. I found an article relating to reinforcement that details how Oregon and Washington's marijuana laws have produced substantial tax money as a result of its legalization. Other states are beginning to take notice of the high revenue each state is bringing in.

2. The target behavior would be a state legalizing marijuana.

3. The consequence of the behavior would be added state revenue (more $)

4. Since we have observed first hand the consequences of legalization in two states already, more states will take notice and begin to pass laws.

5. The consequence of legalizing marijuana results in the addition of something positive ($)

6. The antecedent would be approving the bill.

A= bill approved
B= marijuana legalized
C= more state revenue

This is an example of positive punishment because it results in the addition of something positive ($) to increase a behavior. However it is important to note that the increase in the behavior does not pertain to the state who just legalized marijuana. Instead the consequence affects states who are considering legalization because they are reinforced by the prospect of money. In every sense of the word, money is a generalized secondary reinforcer. Obtaining money allows us the freedom to purchase primary reinforcers at our leisure. In this example, states would increase state revenue and be able to reinforce themselves with being able to afford to pass better initiatives.

1. I found a piece detailing how some stores promote weight bias by not offering clothing in a certain size. Weight bias is basically the discrimination of a person based on his/her weight. We may make inferences about the person without having met them. For example I might think an overweight person lacks willpower and is lazy simply off of the fact that they are overweight.

2. The target behavior in this example is finding clothes in your size.

3. The consequence of not finding clothes in your size would be to simply leave the store and not return until they start stocking clothing in your size.

4. If the store doesn't stock clothing in your particular size you essentially do not need to enter the store in the future.

5. The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable.

6. The antecedent would be entering the store

A= enter store
B= find clothes in your size
C= not returning to the store

This particular article is an example of positive punishment. The store has ADDED something undesirable (small clothing) to decrease a particular behavior (shopping in the store in the future). It is important to note that the store may not intentionally discriminate against people who are overweight. It is simply the nature of their store. They appeal to a thinner crowd. Being overweight could serve as a discriminative stimulus because it affects the likelihood of being reinforced at this particular store.

terms: target behavior, positive punishment, discriminative stimulus, antecedent, consequence, primary reinforcer, generalized secondary reinforcer, positive reinforcement

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This piece recognizes the HIV epidemic getting even more serious in South Africa. They are coming out with cooler condoms that are also flavored. They think that young adults aren’t using them because of the lack of “interest” in them. Making condoms more exciting to use seems to be South Africa’s solution to stop being the country with the highest number of people with HIV.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The target behavior is using the new condoms offered. They are actually offering them for free at all universities in South Africa. This will elicit more usage considering college students don’t want to go out of their way to buy something that inhibits quicker reliefs.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence will be a reduction in HIV contractions.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the frequency of using these condoms because sexually active individuals will stay healthy. Most people who contract HIV either stop having sex or are scared to give it to someone. People who use condoms more and don’t contract HIV will live a happier life, therefore using condoms more frequently to stay happy and healthy.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
the consequence involves the removal of something undesirable. People are less likely to contract HIV. The consequence is removing the higher chance of contracting this disease.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is being sexually active.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Individual prepares for intercourse
B= Wears new condom
C= reduces risk of HIV
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something desirable. The sexually active individuals are adding condoms to their sex lives.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
It does involve extinction. Many individuals would agree that the sensation is much better without a condom. If people care more about contracting a disease, they have to go through a period where it won’t feel as good and they aren’t “reinforced” as quick. It is also a behavioral intervention. Obviously many South African aren’t using condoms. There will need to be an intervention on their behavior to reduce this epidemic.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
The piece explains how our society is eating the wrong fats. We used to try “fat-free” things and that was not a good move. They found that replacing saturated fats with carbohydrates did nothing in reducing heart disease. Studies found that some fat is good, like polyunsaturated fats.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
The target behavior is eating different types of fat in order to decrease the risk of heart disease and live a healthier life.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is reducing one’s chance of heart disease.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will alter the behavior emitted in the long run. People will realize that people’s life will last longer or healthier if they notice the types of fat people are eating.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the removal of heart disease, at least as an epidemic.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the option of having bad fats or good fats in your diet.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= choice between saturated fats and polyunsaturated fats
B= Eat polyunsaturated fats
C= reduce chance of heart disease
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of a behavioral intervention. The scientists saw that there needed to be a change in how people ate and decided it had to do with fat intake.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26853788
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/31/295719579/rethinking-fat-the-case-for-adding-some-into-your-diet
Terms: target behavior, consequence, behavior, emit, antecedent, behavioral intervention, elicit, undesirable, positive reinforcement, desirable, extinction, reinforce

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1) This article discusses the problems that employees face in the workplace. Due to technology, incivility, and bluntness. This article believes that people who were born between 1980 and 2000 are more outspoken in person and in online exchanges. Due to the multiple ways of communicating today employees feel disrespected when their co-workers and boss’s don’t give them 100% of their attention when talking. Employees feel as though their feelings aren’t being taken into consideration. Also during work meetings and such things employees send a quick text, tweet, etc, which makes the presenter feel disrespected.
2) This involves punishment because the frequency of an employee coming to work, presenting, or feeling comfortable at work, is decreasing due to others being rude.
3) The consequence of the behavior is that employees are starting to not feel comfortable at work, feel disrespected, and take an increased amount of sick days.
4) The consequence involves the removal of a behavior. The employees feel that they can no longer speak with their bosses. They also don’t speak as often with co-workers due to the rude behavior.
5) The antecedent is the workplace.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Workplace
B=Multi-tasking via twitter, text, face-to-face, facebook, etc…
C=Employees feeling uncomfortable

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This example is punishment because the frequency of employees talking to their bosses and performance at work is decreasing as a result of rude behavior.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1) This piece is about how General Motors allowed the continued sell of a vehicle that had a defective ignition switch. This defect has killed people. They knew beforehand that the ignition switch was defective, however they did a cost-benefit analysis and instead of fixing the part for $10, they found it would be cheaper to pay the families of the deceased. The article states that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration tried a formal investigation against GM, but was over-ruled.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=General Motors
B=Defective ignition switch
C=People dying

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
I think that I would classify this as a positive reinforcement. After the case was dismissed it reinforced them to NOT recall the vehicles, therefore their behavior increased by selling the faulty cars.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20140401-how-rude-why-polite-pays
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-moore/gm-recall_b_5070492.html

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Positive reinforcement, punishment, antecedent, consequence

1) My article was about bullying in school and how social rank effects a students likelihood to bully and likelihood of being the bully

2) the target behavior is social rank in school

3)the consequence is the more popular you are the less likelihood you are to be bullied or be a bully

4)the less popular you are the more likelihood you are to be bullied, when climbing the social later you are more likely to be a bully until you reach the top

5)Becoming more popular involves the addition of being a bully

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Being Popular
B=Bullying/ being a bully
C=climbing social ladder


This is an example of negative reinforcement, if you are low on the social ladder you are more likely to be bullied. If you start to climb the ladder you are more likely to be a bully till you are at the top of the social rank.

This involves extinction. Once you reach the top of the social ladder you are more likely to bot be a bully or be bullied


1) this article about how people in groups where more likely to lie when inhaling the drug oxytocin. Oxytocin is naturally produced in close groups and also between mother and child

2) The target behavior would be lieing

3) the consequence is by lieing you are benefiting the group

4)the consequence of benefiting the group will increase your lieing to help the group you are in

5)the consequence would be the addition of some type of reward or monetary gain

6) working in a group together

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Working in group
B=Lieing
C= benefits for group


this is an example of positive reinforcment, you lie and your group is rewarded by you lieing


When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/01/297700322/being-popular-doesn-t-protect-kids-from-bullying-in-high-school

http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26771703


TERMS target behavior, consequence, behavior, antecedent, positive reinforcement, desirable, extinction, reinforce, negative reinforcment

1. The article I read was about how the Mayor of Washington, D.C., Vince Gray, signing a bill that decriminalized marijuana. It would be legal to have possession of about an ounce of marijuana if the bill gets passed. Some say that’s a small amount, but an ounce is a lot of weed-enough to sell.
2. The target behavior of this article would be the decriminalization of weed. This relates to reinforcement, which is a concept we have covered numerous times this semester.
3. The consequence of decriminalizing weed would be that more people with have marijuana on them since an ounce would be considered to be legal.
4. The consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior by increasing the number of people to smoke weed. If it is legal to smoke weed, the more people will smoke weed.
5. The consequence involves the addition of something. It involves the addition of legalized weed, and more people smoking or having possession of weed.
6. I think the antecedent would be marijuana being illegal?
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Marijuana being illegal?
B= Marijuana being decriminalized (Ounce amount minimum)
C= More people smoking weed or having possession of weed
This particular article topic would be an example of positive reinforcement because the target behavior of decimalizing marijuana was increased and something was added to reinforce that behavior. It may not be positive to some people because it’s a debatable subject, but it illustrates positive reinforcement in psychology thinking. I would say that this topic area involves the use of establishing operations because once weed is legalized, people will continue on having possession of marijuana. But, then again it’s not like something that is only available at a certain time so that might be wrong.
URL: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/03/04/285881620/d-c-council-votes-to-decriminalize-some-marijuana-use

1. The second piece I chose was an article about the death penalty conviction and the drug that is usually related to the death penalty. It talked about how the major drug companies are starting to stop the sales of the drug that is given to prisoners who are on death row. If they are still selling the drug, then they are just jacking up the prices to make it more unavailable. Because the drug companies are doing this, the places where the death penalty is accepted are forced to come up with a different drug combination for death row prisoners. These “homemade combinations” aren’t seeming to work and are creating numerous amounts of complications. Prisoners have been said to take longer to die and they are in so much pain because of these combination, alternative drugs the prison is using instead of the original drug. The drug companies are attempting to persuade the states who carry out death penalty convictions to think about using the gas chamber method instead. I really enjoyed this article, it was very interesting!
2. The target behavior in this situation would be the drug companies refusing to sell the drug and even jacking up the prices of the drug to make it less available to the prisons.
3. The consequence of this behavior would be the increasing amount of pain and time for the prisoner on death row.
4. The consequence of prisoners being in pain and taking longer to die might make the drug companies change their minds about selling the drug again, but they are trying to make a point so it might take a lot of time for this to maybe happen.
5. The consequence involves the addition of pain to the prisoner on death row. It also involves the addition of prolonged death with the removal of the drug. It will be more painful and take a longer time to die if on death row.
6. The antecedent would be the prisoners sentenced to death row.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Prisoners who are on death row convictions
B= the stopping of lethal injection drugs by the drug companies
C= Painful deaths of the prisoners on death row.
I feel like this would an example of negative reinforcement because something is being removed. The drug companies are removing the lethal drug injections for the prisoners on death row. This would be creating more pain and longer deaths for the convicted prisoners. This might make people think twice about committing crimes that could potentially put you on death row. It will be a long, painful demise.
URLS: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/lethal-injection-drugs_n_4979654.html
Terms: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Antecedent, Target Behavior, Behavioral Modification, Psychology, Consequences, Reinforcement, Behavior, Punishment, Establishing Operations.
A.S.

1.) The article I chose was "Ukraine crisis: NATO suspends Russia co-operation" and it talks about how NATO is trying to protect the Ukraine from Russia invading their territory.

2.) The target behavior is protection from NATO over Ukraine from Russia.

3.) The consequence is that there will be less global issues and fighting, which can prevent a war from uprising.

4.) The frequency of the behavior will increase because global security and freedom from tyranny is important and allies will come together to help out the needy.

5.) The consequence involves the addition of aid to help keep Ukraine safe, and the removal of something aversive, which is Russia invading their territory, so NATO is using aggression against Russia.

6.) The antecedent is territory conflicts between neighboring countries.

A= Territory conflicts
B= Protecting Ukraine
C= Global security

This is an example of positive reinforcement since the behavior will increase in frequency and the stimulus is not being removed.

1.) The article I have selected is "Is Harsher Corporal Punishment For Children Coming To Kansas?" and it discusses corporal punishment bills to children in Kansas.

2.) The target behavior is to allow parents and teachers to spank their children in different ways and allowed to leave redness for discipline.

3.) The consequence of the behavior is that children will be disciplined and become better behaved children, but does cause a controversy if the punishment is too cruel.

4.) The frequency of the behavior will decrease, since it is punishment.

5.) There would be the addition of something since the discipline will be more intense when emitted.

6.) The antecedent is discipline at home and school.

A= Discipline at home and school
B= Different intensity of discipline mechanisms
C= Disciplined children/better behaved and won't do it again

This is an example of positive punishment and extinction of a behavior.

Extinction, positive punishment, antecedent, target behavior, consequence, emit, frequency, positive reinforcement, stimulus

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26838894
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/20/corporal-punishment-kansas_n_4823811.html

ARTICLE ONE
1. This article discussed the food that “happy” people eat. The article describes what in the foods affects the body and how it helps with better moods. The article is aimed at reinforcing better eating and increasing behavior. 2. The target behavior would be eating foods that enhance mood. 3. The consequence is increased mood. It is being happier. 4. The consequence will increase the frequency due to feeling better and enhancing mood. 5. The consequence is the addition of something. The addition is the addition of happiness. 6. The antecedent would be feeling sad.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Feeling sad
B= Eating food that enhances mood
C=Feeling happier
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is positive reinforcement. By emitting the behavior of eating healthier foods, the consequence is feeling happier. Feeling happier reinforces the behavior of eating healthier.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
Extinction can be involved, because when changing a target behavior the old behavior will have an extinction burst. Eating junk is comforting, and the behavior of eating unhealthy will become extinct. Establishing operations is also involved because the reinforcer is powerful. The grocery store would be the discriminative stimulus because when going to the store the reminders to buy these foods will be increased.
ARTICLE TWO
1. This article describes the incident of two journalist being detained for taking pictures outside an army tank plant. They were detained, and now want to sue the army for this detainment. The pictures were taking outside and the images captured were of things from street view, but they still became detained and lost the photos. 2. The target behavior is taking pictures of the army tank plant without permission. 3. The consequence was becoming detained and losing the pictures. 4. The consequence will alter the behavior of taking pictures of private property. It will decrease the frequency of the behavior. 5. The consequence involves the addition of being detained, and the removal of the pictures that were captured. 6. The antecedent was writing an article
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= writing an article
B= taking photos of army tank plant
C= detainment, removal of photos
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This was positive punishment. The journalists were detained, so they had the addition of hand cuffs and the back of a police car. The negative punishment would be the removal of the photos on the camera from the police.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/foods-that-boost-your-mood_n_5051814.html
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/ohio-newsapaper-army-civil-rights_n_5078580.html

ABCS, target behavior, reinforcement, positive reinforcement, emit, extinction, extinction burst, establishing operations, discriminative stimulus, positive punishment, negative punishment, frequency

Reinforcement
1) Briefly describe the article:
This article talks about how working out/running in your early twenties may do more than just make you feel and look good now. It may also affect them 20 years later down the road in areas like brain cognition and memory preservation.
2)the target behavior in this article would be running or other form of exercise
3) the consequence is slight improvement of memory
4) the consequence will alter the behavior because there is more motivation to workout if you know it may help you in the future with your help
5) this involves the addition of something positive (better memory)
6) being in your twenties
A= being in your twenties
B= running/exercise
C= increase memory and brain cognition later in life
This would be positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something positive (better memory) This is also an example of establishing operations because if you continue doing it you will see better rewards for your health in the future as well as now

Punishment
1) Briefly describe the article:
in this article they are talking about animal labs being cut to save money. In these labs animal diseases and infections can be detected and then it will be spread to other animals and humans. This cut to labs will make Britain more vulnerable to certain types of diseases in the future
2) the target behavior is making cuts to the animal lab funds
3) the consequence is there will be increased sickness
4) the consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior because if more people are getting sick they will hopefully realize this and not make as many cuts to the lab funds
5) this involves the addition of something adversive because more people are getting sick
6) the antecedent is the government trying to save money
A= government trying to save money
B= Cuts made to animal lab funds
C= people get sick
This is an example of positive punishment because it involves the addition of something adversive (people getting sick)

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26822870

Terms: reinforcement, punishment, positive reinforcement, positive punishment, target behavior, antecedent, establishing operation, consequences,

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article informs us on how long certain products in our bathroom stay good for. They say how most people neglect cleaning out their bathroom and let us know what happens when we don’t throw things away that are no longer good.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The target behavior is cleaning out bathroom supplies
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is you will be at less risk at carrying bacteria and getting the most out of your products.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
This consequence will help one stay motivated to keep up the cleaning in their bathroom for if they don’t, they will be putting their health at risk.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something,
The consequence involves the removal of something
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is expired bathroom supplies
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Expired bathroom supplies
B=
Cleaning supplies out
C= Optimal use of products
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement because it involves the removal of something undesirable such as lurking bacteria in your bath products.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This article for me involved establishing operations because I never really clean out my bathroom products too often, I usually let them go when they run out of start looking old and rusty (especially with razors). Essentially, establishing operations for reinforcers make us want something more than we might have. Therefore, since I am now motivated to clean out my bathroom supplies, I would say this article definitely worked as an establishing operation. However, I know myself, and I realize that I will probably forget to clean out my bathroom or not have to the time do it as often as I should, therefore my target behavior will probably go through an extinction phase.
For your news I would like you to
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about the 7 signs that occur if your lungs are in the danger zone. It says how we so much about the risks of lung cancer however, this much less known lung condition COPD is also as common and debilitating. This occurs from lung damage from smoking or exposure to other lung irritants such as asbestos.
2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
Smoking
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Increasing your chances of lung cancer and COPD( obviously there’s many more, but I am just sticking with the article is talking about specifically)
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
There is really no healthy benefit from smoking, this article describes the 7 signs you are at risk for getting COPD and none of the symptoms were pleasurable.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
It involves the removal of something
5) tell us to the antecedent is.
Someone addicted to smoking
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Someone addicted to smoking
B=Smokes
C= Increasing your chances for COPD and lung cancer
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because it involves the addition of something undesirable (increased chance of lung cancer and COPD, along with other side affects such as shortness of breath, etc.)
http://www.caring.com/articles/copd-signs-and-symptoms?utm_source=taboola&utm_medium=referral

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/medicine-cabinet-infograp_n_5064569.html?utm_hp_ref=healthy-living
Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behavior, consequence, reinforcer, negative reinforcement, Antecent, behavior, establishing operations, extinction, undesirable, desirable, and positive punishment.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece.
The article I chose gained my attention right from the title, Google Maps Is Taken Over By Pokemon In April Fools’ Prank. Anyone born in the 90’s is a liar if they claim to be uninterested by this title as well. Back on track, this article came out after Google Maps company declared an opening in their division. Whoever earned the new job would be titled, Pokemon master, within the company. Opening on March 31st, the company hid Pokemon characters throughout the world on the most up to date version of Google maps. 150 Pokemon would have to be “caught” by 2:00pm on April 2nd, in order to be in the running for the final hiring process. Giving the timespan that Google put this news out, many people claim it to be a prank, but no one knows quite yet for certain.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far.
The target behavior would be to hire an employee for Google Maps.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence will be the finding the people who can navigate Google maps quickest.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior.
The consequence will hopefully lead to Google maps finding a person to fill their position, and in the future use this method when needing to find an individual with a specific skill.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
The consequence involves the addition of the Pokemon master challenge being offered to the public.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is being a Google maps user.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Being a Google maps user
B=
Winning the Pokemon master challenge
C= Working for Google

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something desirable, in this case the desirable outcome would be to work for Google.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
After 2:00pm on April 2nd, Google will use extinction because the company will not reinforce anyone by accepting them as a contender for the job. Only those who complete the task of finding all 150 Pokemon in the set time will be reinforced with the desirable behavior of working for Google.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.
For your news I would like you to

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece.
The second piece I chose is an article describing the food theft in offices from community refrigerators. The article showed 10 different examples of people leaving notes and funny setups after another colleague had stolen their food.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept.
The target behavior I am using is getting food stolen from the community fridge.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence of this behavior is your co-worker leaving notes for next time you open the fridge that would humiliate you if it had your name on it.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior.
Leaving notes will alter the frequency of the behavior because people are less likely to steal food if they know the note is on top of something they took.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
The consequence involves the removal of something, in this case the food from the fridge.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is putting your food in the community fridge.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Put food in community fridge
B=
Get food stole
C= See note next time you go to steal food

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because you are adding the addition of the note to whomever took your food. This will elicit the behavior to happen less frequently if the form of punishment works correctly.

Terms: reinforcement, positive punishment, elicit, consequence, antecedent, behavior, extinction, target behavior.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/31/google-maps-pokemon_n_5064473.html?utm_hp_ref=mostpopular

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297347789/stop-thief-when-colleagues-steal-from-the-office-fridge

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article was about how the CIA covered up the accounts of torture that was done during the Busch administration to keep it out of public knowledge. 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The target behaviors is hiding top secret documents from the senator that was trying to get them 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The Senator doing everything she cant to get them. Making it public knowledge and talking to the press bout it
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the target behavior because the more they try to keep it from her the more she will try to get it.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something,
It involves the addition of more people trying to find the deleted documents.
finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The Antecedent is in the Senators office or Washington D.C


Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Washington D.C
B= Hiding documents
C= Increase of the senators persistance in trying to get the documents that are hidden

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
It should be an extinction because you are trying to stop the behavior from happening and just keep trying to get the information and not have it hidden.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This involves the extinction of the CIA hiding the Articles and documents from the the senator. Its a very negative thing that they are doing. It is also establishing operations because they are trying to establish some sort of system to get all the documents that were destroyed or hidden from the senator.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,.
In this article it discusses how GM didn't recall there cars to put in a $10 piece but instead would rather pay off all of the families of the deceits people
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The target behavior would be to punish GM for what they did to people and there families.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
It would help save lives and would also stop gm from doing this jus t to save a penny.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
It would decease the frequency of the behaviors.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
It involves the addition of making them put the part into cars
6) tell us what the antecedent is.
Congress or GM factories
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Congress
B= Putting the right part into cars to saves lives
C= Saving lives and keeping people safe

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
Its a positive reinforcement because its helping people be safe and giving the company another chance to help keep its customers safe.

http://www.npr.org/2014/04/02/298361955/the-senate-versus-the-cia-a-struggle-at-flashpoint
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-moore/gm-recall_b_5070492.html
Target Behaviors,consequence,establishing operations, negative and positive reinforcement,and extinction

1.This was an article about how running can increase your brain activity. It discussed how if you run more frequently when you are younger, when you are older, you will be more likely to have better memory and cognition.

2.The target behavior is running/exercising

3.The consequence of the behavior is having a sharper mind when you’re older

4.That consequence will increase the likelihood of the target behavior.

5.The consequence involves the addition of something desired- a sharper mind.

6.The antecedent is being young and able to exercise.

A= being young
B= exercising
C= having a sharper brain when older

This is an example of positive reinforcement because the consequence is something desirable and the addition of something good. You are being reinforced positively for running at a young age, once you have a sharper mind years down the road.
This can be used as an establishing operation in terms of if you continue running when you are young, you will be reinforced later.


1.This news article discussed exactly why/how people get “beer bellies” from drinking too much better. Obviously, it’s from drinking beer, but it depends highly on your gender and age how much it affects you.

2.The target behavior is having a beer belly

3.The consequence is being unhealthy/overweight in most cases

4.The consequence should decrease the likelihood that the behavior will continue.

5.The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable.

6.The antecedent is drinking beer

A= drinking beer
B= getting a beer belly
C= being unhealthy

This is an example of negative punishment because we are adding something negative- a beer belly and being unhealthy.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45

http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20130920-what-causes-a-beer-belly

Terms: target behavior, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, establishing operation, reinforced, negative punishment

1. The article I read was about how biking in Austin is becoming a more popular way of traveling. The downtown area is conducive for bike travel, people can rent bikes for free if they spend $8 in the area, and bike lanes are opening up. Before, there wasn’t enough room for all of the trucks on the road, so encouraging some of those drivers to bike instead is freeing up space on the road (which was much needed since Austin was ranked as one of the most congested cities travel wise).
2. The target behavior is biking.
3. The consequence of biking is getting to the destination quickly and affordably.
4. The consequence will be reinforcing because it will increase the likelihood that people will bike in the future.
5. The consequence involves the addition of something (more money in your wallet and more time).
6. The antecedent is that people have the option of being able to rent a bike for free if they exceed spending $8 downtown.
A=being able to rent a bike for free if you spend $8 downtown
B=Biking
C=getting to destination quickly and affordably
This is an example of positive reinforcement because the target behavior has a consequence that involves the addition of something. The downtown is bike friendly and the entertainment district is conducive to biking. So, because the downtown is bike friendly it sets the occasion for and elicits the biking behavior to be emitted. The free bike rental (with the $8 condition) could serve as an establishing operation because having free transportation puts more money in people’s wallets, therefore being more reinforcing.

1. The article I read was about how the population of bees has been dramatically dropping. While not entirely understood, some of this drop in numbers stems from loss of natural environment, parasites, and pesticides. What scientists are proposing to do is adding plants that bees gravitate towards to spare space in fields to bolster the health of the bees. Much to my surprise, apparently one out of every three bites we eat are directly or indirectly affected by bees, so having a large and healthy population of them is important.
2. The target behavior is pollination by the bees, which is a behavior that is currently decreasing (since they’re dying).
3. The consequence of the decrease in pollination will cause crops to eventually suffer.
4. The consequence, which is undesirable, will likely spur change and cause more people to plant bee plants in their fields, which will increase change the antecedent and eventually increase the rate of pollination.
5. The consequence involves the removal of something desirable: healthy crops.
6. The antecedent is that the natural habitat of bees is being destroyed, which is affecting their health and ability to stave of parasites and pathogens.
A=Loss of bee natural habitat
B=Pollination
C=Crops will suffer
This is an example of negative reinforcement because it involves the removal of something desirable (healthy crops), which reinforces and increases efforts to increase pollination.

Terms: target behavior, consequence, reinforcing, sets the occasion, elicits, emitted, establishing operation, reinforcing, undesirable

http://www.npr.org/2014/04/02/297888698/cyclings-catching-on-in-texas-for-a-very-texas-reason
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/03/science/program-looks-to-give-bees-a-leg-up-or-six.html?hp

1) The article that I choose to do for this part was an article about a dietary experiment that was used on primates. The diet is called Calorie Restriction. Scientists found that when they greatly reduced the amount of calories that the primates where consuming that the primates actually lived longer lives. However, this was mainly a “research tool and not a lifestyle recommendation.” Since these experiments were done with primates, the article cautions people to not try this until human trials have been performed.

2) The target behavior of this article is the consumption of fewer calories.

3) The proposed conclusion of this article is that if fewer calories are consumed then that will lead to a longer life.

4) This will alter the frequency of the behavior in that, if it’s true that eating fewer calories lengthens life then people will increasingly eat fewer calories.

5) This consequence definitely involves the addition of something: life.

6) Since I’m doing this over if humans were to do this (even though monkeys were the focus of the experiment) I would say that the antecedent would be the want to live longer.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Want to live longer
B= The consumption of fewer calories
C= Longer life

This is an example of positive reinforcement because if it is true that eating less calories increases a person’s life span, then a person would be willing to eat fewer calories more often, in turn increasing their lifespan even further.

This involves establishing operations. This article itself is the establishing operation because it makes the idea of eating fewer calories more desirable because it involves the increase of life (even though it’s for monkeys. People probably wouldn’t notice that, though).

1) This specific article is about clay eaters in the South. Literally. Kaolin to be more specific. This article goes basically into the tradition of women eating this as help for them, such as when they are sick or when they are pregnant to help protect the child. However, for this part of the blog, the main part of the article I’m concerned with is the last ¼ or so that suggests that, in the long run, kaolin could actually be bad in that it will absorb useful nutrients that the body needs.

2) The target behavior of this article is the behavior of eating “white dirt” (kaolin).

3) This clay can absorb vital nutrients in the body, which is dangerous for pregnant women in particular

4) This consequence could potentially decrease this behavior because if the women are more aware of this, they will potentially stop (or at least reduce) this behavior.

5) This consequence involves the addition of something bad, the bad thing being increase danger’s to the person’s health when consuming kaolin.

6) According to the article, it was tradition

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Tradition
B= Eating kaolin (white dirt)
C= Danger to health (especially for pregnant women)

This is definitely an example of negative punishment because, since it has potential danger to health, this will decrease the behavior.

http://www.bbc.com/news/health-26837211
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297881388/the-old-and-mysterious-practice-of-eating-dirt-revealed

Terms: target behavior, conclusion, frequency, behavior, antecedent, reinforcement, positive reinforcement, establishing operations, desirable, negative punishment

1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece.
This piece is talking about an app for your phone, specifically iPhone, that allows you to shed 5, 10 or 15 lbs. off your appearance. The makers of the app claim that can be used as reinforcement for getting healthy and shedding unnecessary pounds because you see what you could look like; however in addition to possible reinforcing healthy behaviors to lose weight it can also reinforce other not so healthy behaviors to reach that extreme goal. This app has received both praise and criticism based on the perceived implications of its use.
2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studied so far.
The target behavior being illustrated by this article is using the app to digitally shed 5, 10 or 15 pounds off your appearance.
3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence of this behavior may be that one feels motivated to lose the weight in a healthy manner, it may also be that one feels bad about their appearance because they realize they don’t look like that, or one may decide to lose weight in a not so healthy manner such as anorexic means. The consequence, as the article mentions, is to perpetuate the anorexically skinny ideal that women already have about themselves.
4) Tell us how that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior.
Depending on the consequence, the consequence may increase the frequency of the behavior if the consequence involves a degree of positive valence, such as the pleasurable feeling of losing weight. However the target behavior may also be a form of punishment if using the consequence has the negative valence of feeling bad about oneself. The consequence of the target behavior of using the app to digitally take off 5, 10 or 15 lbs. will alter whether this is punishment or reinforcement depending on how the user assigns a valence to the result.
5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
The consequence may involve the addition of something negative if it elicits an emotion with a negative valence such as self-loathing at the discrepancy between the image on the screen and reality; in this case, the target behavior would be punished. The user may experience an extinction burst if they are not satisfied with seeing themselves shed 5 pounds, so they may elicit the behavior of digitally shedding 10 or 15 pounds. If none of these behaviors are reinforced, the user may enter into extinction and not use the app again. The consequence may also involve the addition of something positive if it elicits motivation and the user emits a response of working out to reach the goal of the image on the screen; in this case the target behavior would be reinforced.
6) Tell us what the antecedent to the behavior is.
The antecedent to the behavior may be a dissatisfaction with one’s appearance. The antecedent could be much simpler such as being a few pounds overweight; this might elicit the behavior of seeking an app to see what one would look like if they lost a few pounds. The antecedent could also be much healthier, such as wanting to lose weight. The user may simply need something to motivate them to start a weight loss plan and seeing an attainable goal may be what they need.
7) A=wanting to lose weight
B=use app to shed 15 pounds
C=motivated to lose weight in a healthy way (see an attainable goal)
8) This is an example of positive reinforcement because the consequence will increase the behavior of using the app to remind themselves of that attainable goal. The reinforcement is positive because it involves the addition of something.

1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece.
The article I found summarizes research on whether or not drinking coffee and/or tea dehydrates you. First of basically, the answer is no. However it has been almost conditioned in us that coffee and tea do in fact dehydrate our bodies. The research has found inconclusive and contradictory evidence in answering this question, but no research has explicitly stated that coffee and tea do in fact dehydrate us. I believe that it was classically conditioned in us that if we drink coffee or tea we will have to use the bathroom. The article made a good point that if we were to drink water in the same amount that we drink coffee or tea we would have to go to the bathroom then as well.
2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studied so far.
The target behavior of drinking coffee or tea and the consequence of needing to use the restroom illustrates the behavioral concept of classical conditioning. These two stimuli were paired together enough times for the drinking of coffee or tea eliciting the response of needing to use the bathroom.
3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence of the behavior of drinking coffee or tea is needing to use the restroom.
4) Tell us how that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior.
The consequence will be that after drinking coffee or tea the person will need to use the restroom. This will either decrease the frequency of drinking coffee or tea if the person finds this consequence to have a negative valence, or it will have no effect on the frequency of the behavior if the person finds the consequence to be ambivalent.
5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
The consequence involves the addition of something, the need to use the restroom.
6) Tell us what the antecedent to the behavior is.
The antecedent to the behavior is ??????
7) A=???????
B=drinking coffee or tea
C=need to use the restroom
8) This is an example of either positive punishment or neither punishment or reinforcement if the consequence had an ambivalent valence.

Terms used in this post: reinforcement, reinforcing, reinforce, target behavior, consequence, positive valence, punishment, negative valence, valence, punished, elicits, emits, response, reinforced, antecedent, positive reinforcement, extinction burst, extinction, positive punishment, ambivalent valence

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/skinneepix-app-selfie-weight-loss_n_5077994.html
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140402-are-coffee-and-tea-dehydrating

1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece.
This piece is talking about an app for your phone, specifically iPhone, that allows you to shed 5, 10 or 15 lbs. off your appearance. The makers of the app claim that can be used as reinforcement for getting healthy and shedding unnecessary pounds because you see what you could look like; however in addition to possible reinforcing healthy behaviors to lose weight it can also reinforce other not so healthy behaviors to reach that extreme goal. This app has received both praise and criticism based on the perceived implications of its use.
2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studied so far.
The target behavior being illustrated by this article is using the app to digitally shed 5, 10 or 15 pounds off your appearance.
3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence of this behavior may be that one feels motivated to lose the weight in a healthy manner, it may also be that one feels bad about their appearance because they realize they don’t look like that, or one may decide to lose weight in a not so healthy manner such as anorexic means. The consequence, as the article mentions, is to perpetuate the anorexically skinny ideal that women already have about themselves.
4) Tell us how that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior.
Depending on the consequence, the consequence may increase the frequency of the behavior if the consequence involves a degree of positive valence, such as the pleasurable feeling of losing weight. However the target behavior may also be a form of punishment if using the consequence has the negative valence of feeling bad about oneself. The consequence of the target behavior of using the app to digitally take off 5, 10 or 15 lbs. will alter whether this is punishment or reinforcement depending on how the user assigns a valence to the result.
5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
The consequence may involve the addition of something negative if it elicits an emotion with a negative valence such as self-loathing at the discrepancy between the image on the screen and reality; in this case, the target behavior would be punished. The user may experience an extinction burst if they are not satisfied with seeing themselves shed 5 pounds, so they may elicit the behavior of digitally shedding 10 or 15 pounds. If none of these behaviors are reinforced, the user may enter into extinction and not use the app again. The consequence may also involve the addition of something positive if it elicits motivation and the user emits a response of working out to reach the goal of the image on the screen; in this case the target behavior would be reinforced.
6) Tell us what the antecedent to the behavior is.
The antecedent to the behavior may be a dissatisfaction with one’s appearance. The antecedent could be much simpler such as being a few pounds overweight; this might elicit the behavior of seeking an app to see what one would look like if they lost a few pounds. The antecedent could also be much healthier, such as wanting to lose weight. The user may simply need something to motivate them to start a weight loss plan and seeing an attainable goal may be what they need.
7) A=wanting to lose weight
B=use app to shed 15 pounds
C=motivated to lose weight in a healthy way (see an attainable goal)
8) This is an example of positive reinforcement because the consequence will increase the behavior of using the app to remind themselves of that attainable goal. The reinforcement is positive because it involves the addition of something.

1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece.
The article I found summarizes research on whether or not drinking coffee and/or tea dehydrates you. First of basically, the answer is no. However it has been almost conditioned in us that coffee and tea do in fact dehydrate our bodies. The research has found inconclusive and contradictory evidence in answering this question, but no research has explicitly stated that coffee and tea do in fact dehydrate us. I believe that it was classically conditioned in us that if we drink coffee or tea we will have to use the bathroom. The article made a good point that if we were to drink water in the same amount that we drink coffee or tea we would have to go to the bathroom then as well.
2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studied so far.
The target behavior of drinking coffee or tea and the consequence of needing to use the restroom illustrates the behavioral concept of classical conditioning. These two stimuli were paired together enough times for the drinking of coffee or tea eliciting the response of needing to use the bathroom.
3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence of the behavior of drinking coffee or tea is needing to use the restroom.
4) Tell us how that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior.
The consequence will be that after drinking coffee or tea the person will need to use the restroom. This will either decrease the frequency of drinking coffee or tea if the person finds this consequence to have a negative valence, or it will have no effect on the frequency of the behavior if the person finds the consequence to be ambivalent.
5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
The consequence involves the addition of something, the need to use the restroom.
6) Tell us what the antecedent to the behavior is.
The antecedent to the behavior is ??????
7) A=???????
B=drinking coffee or tea
C=need to use the restroom
8) This is an example of either positive punishment or neither punishment or reinforcement if the consequence had an ambivalent valence.

Terms used in this post: reinforcement, reinforcing, reinforce, target behavior, consequence, positive valence, punishment, negative valence, valence, punished, elicits, emits, response, reinforced, antecedent, positive reinforcement, extinction burst, extinction, positive punishment, ambivalent valence

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/skinneepix-app-selfie-weight-loss_n_5077994.html
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140402-are-coffee-and-tea-dehydrating

1. This article I read on NPR talks about the benefits of running or having regular exercise. A recent study that followed 2,700 men and women for 25 years and found that regular exercise has more benefits than just physical. It has shown to improve memory and problem solving as you age.
2. The target behavior is working out
3. The consequence is having a better memory and problem solving skills as an adult.
4. The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because everyone wants to be smart.
5. Consequence involves the addition of something (working out)
6. The gym
a. The gym
b. Working out
c. Having stronger cognitive skills in your middle age
7. This is an example of positive reinforcement because the consequence is desired
8. The article I read for this talked about laws banning smoking in public places and how it’s had a positive impact on child health. It has found 10% reduction in premature births and asthma attacks.
9. Banning public smoking
10. The consequence of this behavior is better child health and reduction of premature births.
11. This reduces the frequency of the behavior because it benefits health.
12. This involves the removal something.
13.
a. Public Places
b. Not smoking
c. Better child health
14. This is an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of something desirable.
15. Target behavior, negative punishment,
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-26770009
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
In this article researchers found that working out or specifically running during your 20’s can help preserve your memory and cognition later in life, specifically in your 40’s. Exercising causes a healthy heart which in turn is better at pumping blood and oxygen to the brain to preserve brain function.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior is forms of cardiovascular exercise, specifically running.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is better memory and cognition functions in your later years, 40’s to 50’s.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence will alter to frequency of the behavior by increasing the desire to participate in cardiovascular exercise, running, to preserve the brain function in later years.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence includes the addition of something, the addition of better memory and brain function in your 40’s.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is an individual’s youth, or age of 20.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= 20’s age
B= exercising/cardiovascular exercise/running
C= improved memory and cognition
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This would be an example of positive reinforcement because it is the addition of a desirable stimulus, the reinforcement for running or participating in cardiovascular exercise is a better and improved memory and cognition brain function in the long run.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This would be an example of a establishing operation because in your 20’s the reinforcement for working out is a healthier lifestyle and improved body. However, in the long run the reinforcement will be better in the later years.
The running may also be a form of discriminative stimulus because the running sets the occasion for a response, or the better memory and cognition of the brain function.
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article is about the Texas Abortion Law and how the Federal Appeals Court shut down the majority of the abortion clinics in Texas. There was a lawsuit filed, Whole Woman's Health v. Lakey, that abortion clinic must be shut down and all women wishing for abortion must go to a local hospital instead for any abortion needs. This bill is hoping to stop women from participating to abortions but instead have a medical consult to determine if the procedure is necessary or even legal.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior is shutting down abortion clinics in Texas.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is that women will have to be admitted into a hospital instead or travel over 1,000 miles for an abortion since there are only 10 clinics left.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
This consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior because if women are now being required to have medical consult before engaging in the abortion process then the behavior, the closing of the abortion clinic, will increase and more abortion clinics will be shut down by the lawsuit because the consequence will be required. Also if the consequence is also women driving for miles and miles for an abortion, since there are only 10 clinics left open in Texas, then this will increase the behavior because the lawsuit will hope to stop these women from attending an abortion clinic.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of somethin
The consequence involves the removal of something, abortion clinics.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is a lawsuit that has been filed in Texas, requiring the Federal Appeals Court to shut down the majority of the abortion clinics.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= lawsuit
B= shutting down abortion clinics in Texas
C= women who want abortions have to get medical consult from the hospitals
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This would be an example of a negative punishment because it is the removal of a desirable stimulus, the abortion clinics for women.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/texas-abortion-law_n_5078474.html
Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
establishing operation, target behavior, behavior, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, desirable, stimulus, reinforcement, negative punishment,

1) The article that I picked was a summary of a recent study that was aimed at proving how much eating fruits and vegetables impacted longevity. After analyzing eating habits of people in Europe for over two years, researchers were able to identify that eating seven servings of fruits and vegetables per day is significantly associated with a lower risk of death.

2) The target behavior is eating more fresh produce throughout the day.

3) The consequence would be that you are increasing longevity, or reducing the risk of death at an early age.

4) Knowing that increasing the amount of fresh produce that you consume can substantially increase the likelihood that you will live longer will probably be enough to encourage people to emit the behavior. People usually enjoy life and want to live longer, and eating healthier foods elicits the consequence.

5) The consequence in this scenario involves the addition of years onto your life.

6) The antecedent in this case could be reading the results of the study, which would make eating healthy fruit and vegetables more desirable. They would need to know the results of this study in order to learn about how the behavior can impact their lives.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Reading the article
B= Eat more fruit and vegetables
C= Live longer

I would say that this article is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something desirable in order to increase a behavior. In this case, it is involving the addition of years to your life if you eat healthily, instead of increasing the risk of death by not eating right. Food is a primary reinforcer, but we don’t always eat smart. However, if someone is already eating the recommended seven servings a day, it may be a discriminative stimulus since they won’t be reinforced to emit the behavior. The overall goal is to try to extinguish the behavior of not eating healthy food, and reinforce the behavior of eating more fruit and veggies.

1) The second article that I found talked about how the original drummer for Nirvana won’t be inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the rest of the original band. The drummer left the band right after recording their debut album (which was very successful), but right before the band hit stardom. He is a guest to the ceremony, but sadly won’t be inducted due to the fact that he wasn’t a part of the band when they made it big.

2) The target behavior is that the Rock and Roll Hall of fame decided against inducting the original drummer of the band, even though he contributed to the band’s first album that was very successful.

3) Fans are upset about leaving Chad Channing out of the Hall of Fame, which makes them look bad.

4) If enough fans get upset and complain about the behavior of the Hall of Fame, they may think twice and consider their actions when a possible controversial topic such as this comes about.

5) The consequence involves the addition of upset and angry fans by removing Channing from the hall of fame.

6) The antecedent in this case is the induction ceremony for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Induction Ceremony
B= Deciding against inducting an original band member.
C= Upset and angry fans.

This is an example of positive punishment because it is involving the addition of angry fans to the mix. Had the Hall of Fame decided to let Channing be inducted, the fans would have not gotten so upset, and there would be no issue about the behavior. Because they chose to do that, however, they are really upsetting people, which will reinforce them to emit different behaviors next time.

http://www.newsmaxhealth.com/Health-News/longevity-dyingrisk-produce-fruitsandvegetables/2014/04/01/id/563026/

http://www.newsweek.com/nirvanas-original-drummer-has-been-spurned-rock-and-roll-hall-fame-232484

Terms: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence, elicit, emit, reinforcer, discriminative stimulus, extinction, extinguish, desirable, positive punishment, positive reinforcement, primary reinforcer

1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece:
My piece is titled Run When You’re 25 For A Sharper Brain When You’re 45 and it discusses how studies show that running and exercising when you are in your twenties can lead to a sharper mind when you reach your forties. For example, researchers found that teenagers and young adults who did better on treadmill tests, did better on problem solving and memory test in middle age.

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far:
The target behavior that I am using that illustrates reinforcement is running.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is:
The consequence of the behavior is having a sharper mind later in life.

4) Tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior:
I believe knowing that running could lead you to having a sharper mind would definitely cause the frequency of the behavior to increase. Seeing the research that people have done to prove this is definitely motivation to increase the frequency of the behavior.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something:
The consequence involves the addition of something because it involves the addition of a sharper mind when you enter the middle years of your life.

6) Tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is being in your twenties.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Being in your twenties
B=Running

C=Sharper brain later in life.

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something that causes the frequency of the behavior to increase. Knowing running could lead you to having a sharper mind later in life would definitely cause people to run more often then they would if the consequence did not involve something positive.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
I believe that this could be an example of an establishing operation. There are a lot of positive reinforcements that could come from running, such as better physical health. However, I have not ever seen any research that shows running can actually improve your mental health as well. Therefore, I believe that this is making the reinforcer, more reinforcing.

1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece:
The second piece I chose is titled Dieting Monkeys Offer Hope for Long Life. This article is about using a calorie restriction diet that can lead to you living a longer life. Where a lot of articles regarding calorie restriction discuss how it can lead to an unhealthy life, this article uses research on experiments that they conducted on monkeys that ended up coming to the conclusion that calorie restriction actually leads to a delay in ageing in primate species.

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept:
The target behavior that I am using that illustrates the concept is eating a diet low in calories, or just as the article states, calorie restriction.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is:
The consequence of the behavior is living a longer life.

4) Tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior:
I believe that with this new research and conclusion, the consequence of actually living a longer life by restricting the calories you eat will cause the behavior of people actually going on this diet to increase. There are still a lot of warnings regarding eating a low calorie diet, however if people are really interested in a longer life I feel that this will increase the frequency of the behavior regardless of the other risks.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something:
I believe that this involves the addition of something because with the calorie restriction diet, it adds more years to your life.

6) Tell us to the antecedent is:
The antecedent is ageing.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior:
A=Ageing

B=
Calorie restriction diet
C=Longer life

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
I believe this is an example of positive punishment because the behavior is adding something to your life.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-26837211

Terminology: target behavior, reinforcement, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, establishing operations, positive punishment

1. My first article is from NPR and discusses whether girl scout cookies are really good for the community. This is because of the high amount of carbohydrates and the large number of calories and trans fats that are in the cookies.

2. The target is people to stop eating girl scout cookies.

3. The consequence is for people to eat healthier and feel better.

4. The consequence will decrease the frequency of people eating girl scout cookies. Not eating them (and eating healthier alternatives) will allow people to weigh less and feel better about themselves, as well as being in better health.

5. The consequence involves the removal of something negative, which is the unhealthy cookies.

6. The antecedent is that people are eating unhealthy girl scout cookies.

A= people eating girl scout cookies
B= people stop eating girl scout cookies
C= people feel healthier and better about themselves

This is an example of negative reinforcement, because we are removing something negative (the unhealthy cookie).

1. My piece is from NPR and states that NASA is severing some of it's ties with Russia. This is because of Russia's actions towards the Ukraine. This is difficult, because the United States no longer has a way to send people to space without using Russia's help.

2. The target is to have Russia leave Ukraine alone.

3. The consequence is Russia not receiving money from NASA.

4. The consequence will hopefully cause a decrease of the negative behavior that Russia is showing Ukraine. Hopefully the consequence will cause an extinction of Russia's negative behavior towards Ukraine. It is possible, however, that the consequence could elicit an extinction burst in which Russia tries to increase its positive behaviors with the United States and NASA. Another result could be Russia's increase in negative behavior towards the US and NASA.

5. The consequence involves the removal of something positive(money).

6. The antecedent is Russia treating Ukraine poorly.

A= Russia treating Ukraine poorly
B= NASA limiting interaction with Russia
C= Russia treating Ukraine better

This is negative punishment, because NASA is taking something away from Russia (money for space services). The hoped response is that Russia emits is the increase its positive behavior towards Ukraine and decrease its negative behavior.

target, consequence, behavior, decrease, frequency, antecedent, negative reinforcement, extinction, elicit, emit, extinction burst, increase, positive behavior, negative behavior, punishment

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about a man who conducted a large scale computer scam. He would call people at random and tell them he could help them fix their computers, then charge them for software that is available for free.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The target behavior in this article is charging people money for free software. The concept is reinforcement because the man wants to get money.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is people pay him money.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
This consequence will increase the frequency of the target behavior.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something,
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, money.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the man wanting to make money.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= wanting to make money
B= charging people for software
C= people pay him money

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because money is being given to this man.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This scam involved calling people at random to try to “sell” them software. This means that the scam was on a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement because not every person called is likely to pay money. The variable ratio schedule must not have been too high because the man did not give up due to experiencing ratio strain. There are two reason that he might have continued emitting the calling behavior. He might have gone through extinction burst whenever someone did not pay him money, but it is also likely that he would not experience a post-reinforcement pause because of the variable ratio schedule.

Article URL: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-26818745

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about when April Fool’s Day pranks go bad.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
The target behavior is playing a prank. The concept is discriminative stimuli because the day being April Fool’s day elicited the prank playing behavior.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
In this article, the consequence is people get angry.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
This consequence should decrease the frequency of the behavior.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable, which is people getting angry at the prankster.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is April Fool’s Day.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= April Fool’s Day
B= playing a prank
C= people get angry

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is positive punishment because it involves the addition of people’s anger being directed toward the prankster. If they had not played a prank, then people wouldn’t be angry at them.

Article URL: http://www.npr.org/blogs/theprotojournalist/2014/04/01/297686575/5-april-fool-s-pranks-gone-bad

Terms: target behavior, consequence, desirable, antecedent, positive reinforcement, variable ratio, schedule of reinforcement, ratio strain, emit, extinction, post-reinforcement pause, undesirable, positive punishment,

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece: This is a very short news article, with a more detailed video included but basically an author Arianna Huffington wrote a book titled Thrive. In the book it is giving advice to be more successful. One of the suggestions she says is to get thirty more minutes of sleep a night than you have been.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far: The target behavior in this article would be getting more sleep.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is: The consequence would be waking up more energized and able to take on the day better.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior. By noticing that every day you are waking up with more energy, and able to get more things done, it will increase the likelihood that you will continue to add that extra thirty minutes of sleep into your schedule.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something: The consequence in this case involved the addition of more sleep.
6) tell us to the antecedent is: The antecedent is wanting to become more successful.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Wanting to be more successful
B= Getting 30 more minutes of sleep a night
C= Waking up with more energy

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why. This would be an example of positive reinforcement. By allowing yourself that extra time to sleep you wake up feeling much better and are, I assume in the long run, able to become more successful. Therefore it is likely to increase the likelihood of the behavior being carried out.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can. This does include establishing operations. The reinforcement in this case is to become more successful and by adding more sleep you know that that will increase the likelihood of that as opposed to not doing that at all. It also includes descrimnative stimuli, in this case she says if you get more sleep you will become more successful so you know right of the bat you have a higher chance of this happening.


For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece: For this article I am doing it about goals. The second article I chose is about how the smoking bans have impacted health overall on nations. The article talks about how some Ireland became the first country in the world to ban smoking in the work place ten years ago, and since then we have seen many countries follow suit. Not just in the work place, but all over. Later in the article it explains that the biggest change (and I fully agree) is the quality of life people have. People do not dread meeting in public places and it is much nicer to be out and about and not smelling like smoke, especially for the non smokers. All over the world their are ambitious goals to decrease smoking in public places, and hopefully eventually all together.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept: reduce people smoking in public places
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is: by making it a law, the consequence has been that they have seen a reduction in the amount of people smoking in public places.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior. By people following the law in one place, and smoking less, it is more likely other countries and nations will also put similar laws into affect.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something. The consequence is the removal of people smoking in public.
6) tell us to the antecedent is. Countries making a law making it illegal to smoke in certain areas.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Countries making a law making it illegal to smoke in certain areas.
B= reduce people smoking in public places
C= they have seen a reduction in the amount of people smoking in public places.

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why. This is an example of positive punishment because it really is better for everyone in the world to make smoking banned or illegal. I myself have avoided going to places just because I know people will be smoking in there.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-tv/arianna-talks-thriving-on_b_5077109.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26785369

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post. Antecedent, Target Behavior, Consequence, establishing operation, descriminative stimuli, behavior, goals, positive punishment.

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is describing the benefits to working out younger and how it may help you preserve your memory or cognitive abilities much later down the road.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The target behavior is working out while you are young.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior will be better cognitive functioning when you get old.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
This could cause younger people to work out more often and encourage healthier behaviors, because it will create a better mindset for when they are older.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
The consequence involves the removal of something bad. As a result of staying fit when you are young, you don't have as high of a chance of losing cognitive abilities
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is wanting to look good in your college years
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= wanting to look good
B= being active in your 20's
C= keeping your wits at an older age.
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement because it is removing an aversive effect from the situation. In this case, this is removing qualities like negative brain funcitoning.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
In this article, they are describing why and how NATO will no longer be cooperating with Russia because of actions Russia has taken.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
The target behavior is for Russia to no longer take over part of Ukraine (Crimea).
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is that NATO is no longer coordinating with Russia to protest the annexation of Crimea.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
NATO is hoping that it's efforts to 'punish' the aversive behavior Russia is emitting will cause the desired response of Russia to bend to NATO's requests. They are hoping Russia will no longer violate any other borders.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something,
The consequence is the removal of something. (Most imporantly, the removal of an allie)
finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is Russia as power hungry, and Ukraine being in a current weak state.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Russia being greedy, and Ukraine being weak
B=Russia taking Ukraine
C=NATO no longer an allie
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is negative punishment, because it is the removal of something valuable to Russia (an allie). Also, there will be no more 'practical civilian and military cooperation between NATO and Russia'.

URL's used:
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/01/nato-russia-cooperation_n_5069887.html?utm_hp_ref=mostpopular

Terms: Negative Punishment, Consequence, Punish, Aversive, Emitting, Desired, Response, Behavior, Negative Reinforcement

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
My first article is describing the change in the minimum suggested daily serving of fruits and vegetables. Previously it was shown that five servings of fruits and vegetables was a sufficient minimum, however, this has now been changed to seven. The article gives ideas of how to increase your fruit and vegetable intake while still making it flavorful enough that you want to eat it!

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
Not only is the article informing us about the increase in minimum standard servings recommended, but they are also providing ways to increase our intake. The target behavior would be increase fruit/vegetable intake.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence, although never really stated in the article, would be a healthier outcome or lifestyle.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
After getting on a schedule of eating more fruits and vegetables for a couple weeks, it is more than likely that the behavior will stay constant. It is known that the healthier you eat, the better you feel, so by eating these healthy fruits and vegetables, the individual will feel better, leading to more healthy eating.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
The consequence involves the addition of a higher intake of fruits and vegetables.

6) tell us what the antecedent is.
The antecedent could be a low level of fruits and vegetables, unhealthy diet, or health concerns.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Health concerns
B= Increase intake of fruits/vegetables
C= Healthier lifestyle

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement, they are adding the fruits and vegetables as well as the idea of a healthier lifestyle.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This article could have an establishing operations effect to it. Not only is it reinforcing the importance of fruits and vegetables, but it is also telling you how to make the fruits and vegetables more appealing.

For your news I would like you to:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This brief article talks about the adverse effects that legalizing marijuana has on individuals. In particular, one young man died in relation with marijuana intoxication.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
The target behavior would not necessarily by the illegalization of marijuana, because it is less harmful than alcohol and tobacco, but the education of the drug.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is the overuse and abuse of marijuana, that leads to premature deaths.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
Although we would like to think an increase in deaths due to abuse of marijuana would deter people from using, it is more than likely not going to happen. It may however lead to less legalization in the US.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something,
The consequence involves the removal of something. Radical uses such as this may cause other states to rethink their stance on the possible legalization of marijuana.

6) tell us what the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the legalization of marijuana.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= legalized marijuana
B= abuse of marijuana
C= less legalization

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative punishment, because we are taking away the possible legalization of marijuana in other states.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26848981

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-26860982

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
target behavior, positive reinforcement, establishing operation, adverse, negative punishment.

1) My clip was about how running when you are in your early adult life will increase your brain function in your 40s. The University of Minnesota’s School of Public Health followed 2700 men and women for 25 years to test this out. They found that running can improve one’s memory, and those who exercise are more likely to remain mentally sharp.
2) The target behavior is running in your early adult life
3) The consequence of this behavior is better memory and cognition in middle age
4) Knowing that running in your twenties will help your brain function and stay sharper later in life and potentially give someone an edge in their careers and quality of life will make young adults want to increase their behavior so they get that satisfaction in middle age.
5) The consequence involves the addition of better memory and brain function later in life
6) The antecedent is being a young adult

A=being a young adult
B=running
C=having better memory and brain function in middle age

This is an example of positive reinforcement because the more that younger people exercise regularly, the more their health will benefit when they hit middle age.

This involves establishing operations because people normally exercise to stay fit and healthy, but the idea that it can improve one’s memory and cognition later in life, which can help with their success, makes it that much more desirable to exercise in their twenties. Knowing that you are already unhealthy in your early adulthood could act as a discriminative stimulus because it tells you to emit the target behavior of running if you want to be healthier later in life.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45

1) This clip was about extreme calorie counting in rhesus monkeys over their lifetime that in turn boosts their lifespan. The participants restricted calories by 25% and their diets existed mainly on vegetables, fruits (especially apples), and soups. This study was previously only done on worms and mice with promising results, but more research needs to be done before it’s tried on humans to see if they get the same results.
2) The target behavior is extreme calorie counting
3) The consequence of this behavior is longer lifespans
4) The consequence of monkeys living longer will increase the frequency of extreme calorie counting in other primates and will eventually lead to calorie restriction in humans before it wards off something aversive, aging.
5) The consequence involves the addition of extreme calorie counting
6) The antecedent is aging

A=aging
B=extreme calorie counting
C=longer lifespan

This is an example of negative reinforcement because it involves the addition of extreme calorie counting, which is an unpleasant stimulus, to encourage the desired behavior of longer lifespans.

http://www.bbc.com/news/health-26837211

Terms: target behavior, consequence, behavior, antecedent, positive reinforcement, desirable, establishing operation, emit, discriminative stimulus, frequency, aversive

Reinforcement
1) In the United States, the rate of prescription drug overdoses have doubled between 2000 and 2010. This is more than likely attributed to the fact that prescription drug (especially prescription painkillers) sales to hospitals and pharmacies has skyrocketed during this time and that many of these medications are opioids, which are similar to illicit drugs like heroin and are very addictive. There has also been a rise in the amount of heroin being imported to the U.S., and the DEA believes this may be the reason why. Because these painkillers are not being used in the context in which they were meant to be, there has been a sharp increase in related overdoses.

2) The target behavior is the increased use (abuse) of prescription painkillers and heroin.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior can result in a 'high' as well as addiction (it is also resulting in an increased amount of overdoses, though that is usually not the intended consequence).

4)The consequence of getting 'high' from using prescription painkillers is that the individual will experience euphoria and a rush of feel good chemicals inside their brains such as dopamine and serotonin. This 'high' feeling increases the likelihood that another high will be sought after, and the use of these opioid painkillers to get high may be leading to increased heroin usage as well, because it is more accessible than prescription painkillers.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, which would be a feeling of euphoria or a 'high' from taking prescription painkillers, or similarly, heroin.

6) The antecedent is 'the availability of prescription drugs or heroin'

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= The availability of prescription drugs of heroin
B= More individuals have access to opioids and begin abusing them
C= Individuals experience an intense high while taken opioid painkillers, and may being using heroin.

8) The consequence of getting high using opioid painkillers or heroin is an example of positive reinforcement because something desirable (a 'high') is being added to the individual's perception of the world when taking these drugs. Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.

9) For my article examining punishment I read “Can Facebook make you sad?” This article marks the 10th anniversary since Facebook’s inception on the internet and although it has revolutionized how we keep in touch, it may have negative impacts on how we view our lives. A correlational study done by the University of Michigan and the University of Leuven in Belgium found a correlation between loneliness and Facebook use. Their findings show, over a two-week period, that as the use of Facebook increases there is a drop in sense of well-being. The team has found that when individuals are online and go to Facebook they are bombarded with the successes and positives of others’ lives, which cause us to self-reflect on our own.

10) The target behavior I am using to illustrate would be logging in to Facebook.

11) The consequence of this behavior is that the more you are on Facebook the lower self-worth you will have for yourself.

12) The consequence will decrease the frequency of this behavior if individuals begin to associate a sad feeling with being on Facebook. They will not want to be sad and reduce the amount of time spent on the site.

13) This consequence involves the addition of something undesirable, which in this case is the negative feelings you have about yourself.

14) The antecedent would be when an individual is on the Internet.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Browsing the Internet.
B=Log on to Facebook.
C=Begin to have a lower self-worth.

16) This is an example of positive punishment because the addition of the aversive stimulus.
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26067987
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140206-is-facebook-bad-for-you

17) target behavior, consequence, addition, antecedent, negative punishment, reinforcement, positive reinforcement, positive punishment, reinforcing stimulus, aversive

1) This piece relates to how we could reinforce ourselves into losing weight or gaining a better self-image. The news article is over a new app for people’s phone where they can alter a photo of themselves in order to make themselves appear skinny. It actually shows you what you could look like if you lost five pounds, ten pounds and fifteen pounds. There is a huge debate over this if it would be better or worse for someone’s self-image. It is feeding into the idea of the idea beauty to be skinny instead of just embracing what you are. The creator claims she is using the app to motivate herself and reinforce herself to lose weight and keep her goals. I believe this connects to the topic of self-directed behavior.
2) The behavior would be using the app to make herself see what she could look like which is self-directed behavior in order to maintain her goal to lose weight.
3) The consequence of this behavior to exercise and lose weight in order to look like the altered photo.
4) The consequence will probably increase the likelihood of her using the app until she is at her ideal weight or view of beauty.
5) The consequence would be the addition of something desirable.
6) The antecedent would be being in a society that tells you that you need to be a certain weight in order to be pretty.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Society with a skinny view of beauty
B=Use the App to motivate oneself to lose weight
C=Exercise in order to lose weight and look like the altered photo.
-This would be an example of positive reinforcement because the person is trying to look like the person in the photo. So when they obtain that goal, they will have gain the desirable outcome. This could also be an example of extinction because if we do not obtain the desired outcome, we may stop the behavior of working out and trying to work toward that goal. As previously stated in the chapters, people need to make goals which are realistic, achievable, manageable, and maintainable. If our goals do not meet these criteria then we begin to feel defeated when we do not accomplish our goals.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/skinneepix-app-selfie-weight-loss_n_5077994.html

1) This piece was over the dehydrating effects of drinking coffee and tea but then dove into the concept of which one makes you pee more as well. Although people realize they need to go pee more often when drinking coffee and tea, we are not dehydrated from drinking it over water. This idea connects with the concept of establishing operations as well as our water chart from class. During the experiments, the subjects had to consume a certain amount of water or coffee per day in order to see if coffee makes you not only dehydrated but have to pee more than water.
2) The behavior is having to pee more often which may lead you to feeling more dehydrated or thirsty. With establishing operations, when you are thirsty/dehydrated you would want another beverage which in this case is coffee.
3) The consequence would be feeling dehydrated of thirsty.
4) This consequence would increase the likelihood of drinking more coffee or water depending on the subject.
5) This would be the substraction of something satisfying which would be feeling hydrated.
6) The antecedent would be drinking coffee or tea.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Drinking coffee or tea
B=Having to pee more often
C=Feeling dehydrated/thirsty
-This would be an example of negative reinforcement because the subject is feeling dehydrated. So the behavior of having to pee more often is taking away the feeling of being hydrated which is making them drink more coffee. This would be an example of establishing operations which I explained in the first question.
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140402-are-coffee-and-tea-dehydrating
TERMS: reinforce, behavior, self-directed behavior, antecedent, consequence, desirable, positive reinforcement, extinction, realistic, achievable, manageable, maintainable, negative reinforcement, water chart, establishing operation, undesirable,

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/skinneepix-app-selfie-weight-loss_n_5077994.html http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140402-are-coffee-and-tea-dehydrating

Reinforcement

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
I read an article about a man who made a documentary titled, "Eat White Dirt." It's a phenomenon (also a component of a disorder called pica) that happens around the world in which people crave dirt for superstitious and nutritional reasons, and is especially craved by pregnant women. In southeastern U.S., there is a clay-rich soil called kaolin that stores sell in small bags. The practice of eating dirt has also been around for centuries. Clay has naturally detoxifying qualities, but it can also absorb necessary nutrients, making it harmful, especially for pregnant women.


2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far.
The target behavior is eating (clay-rich) dirt. This sometimes functions as a superstitious behavior, although it may also be unconsciously emitted craving as a result of toxins in the body.


3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is 1)to satisfy a smell/taste craving and 2)to act as a detoxifying agent in the body.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence(s) will likely increase the behavior because the craving has been satisfied, as well as the potential health benefits that can be derived from eating dirt.


5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
I would say that this involves the removal of something aversive in the form of removing cravings and removing potentially harmful toxins from the body.


6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is a craving for (clay-rich) dirt.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Craving for clay-rich dirt (white dirt)

B= Consume clay-rich dirt

C= satisfy craving/remove harmful toxins from the body


Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement because the craving for dirt is taken away after it has been consumed, and potentially harmful toxins are also removed from the body in the form of waste product because of the use of clay-rich dirt.

In the past, this was more than likely a superstitious behavior, as well as cravings, because in previous centuries people did not have necessary proof of the benefits of consuming dirt, but rather observed benefits from the initial practice and became superstitious of continuing the practice when benefits were observed.

Operant Conditioning

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
I read an article about how people express multiple emotions on their face, and research being done on what muscles are used and how altering the use of particle muscles can have different effects on facial expressions. The behavior of emitting facial expressions that are specific to certain emotions is attributed to social mirroring, and an expression is likely to increase/decrease depending on whether it is reinforced (ex. parents tend to discourage a child when they stick their tongue out in disgust).


2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior is emitting a facial expression that appropriately displays an emotion.


3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior is either reinforcement or punishment by means of social recognition from others that either reinforces the facial expression (other people emit similar expression) or punishes the facial expression (people stare at your face awkwardly, suggest you do not make that face, or emit a different expression).


4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
By having another person acknowledge your facial expression and mirror it, or by emitting a response that discourages the facial expression, children learn how to appropriately display emotion on their faces, and eventually they may learn to display complex emotions on their faces. When others mirror the expression, a person is more likely to emit that expression when the antecedent is similar in a future event.


5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
The consequence (that causes facial expressions to become conditioned, not extinct) involves the addition of something pleasurable, which would be social recognition from others and acknowledgement.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is an event that causes an emotional response

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior


A= Event that causes an emotional response (funny, sad, stressful, etc.)


B= facial expression


C= social recognition/acknowledgement/mirroring of other people

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement, etc. Explain why.
This would be positive reinforcement because we are conditioned to retain certain facial expressions to express various emotions through social recognition, mirroring, and acknowledgement, which are all pleasurable consequences.


http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297881388/the-old-and-mysterious-practice-of-eating-dirt-revealed
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/03/31/295769683/how-your-face-shows-happy-disgust

Terms: superstitious behavior, target behavior, emit, response, consequence, antecedent, negative reinforcement, aversive, mirroring, operant conditioning, reinforced, social recognition, punishment, pleasurable, positive reinforcement, conditioned, extinct

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
The first article I found that has to do with reinforcement, had to do with how running at a young age can help with a sharper brain when you’re in your 40s.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior is running or going to the gym more often in your 20’s. These two are more like behavioral classes, but any type of exercise would work.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is better cardiovascular health, sweating, increase metabolism, and the long-term goals of prevention of hearth disease, obesity, and mental sharpness.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequences will not alter the frequency of running too much. This is because the contingencies of the reward are not very good, because the schedule of reinforcement is too far apart, the reinforcement is also not very good because you can not really see he reward cardio vascular health.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
It involves the addition of being healthier.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Urge to exercise.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Urge to exercise
B=
Running
C= Better health
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is positive reinforcement because it is adding something good, to make increase the frequency of running.
For your news I would like you to

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
The article I read about extinction has to do with stopping fishing in the open ocean, to avoid certain fish like tuna to die out.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior being emitted is fishing the open ocean.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior is taking fish out of the ocean.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence will alter the behavior because if we take enough fish out of the ocean, which at this pace is happening the fish will become extinct. This means the fishers will no longer be reinforced and the behavior will become extinct.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the removal of fish.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Want to make money
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Want to make money

B=
Fishing open ocean
C= taking fish out of the see
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of extinction because the fishers will eventually no longer be reinforced because there is not enough fish so they will stop fishing.
There is establishing operations because there is a high demand for these fish for food across the world.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297840486/should-we-close-part-of-the-ocean-to-keep-fish-on-the-plate
Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Reinforcement, target behavior, behavioral classes, consequences, long-term goal, contingencies, schedule of reinforcement, positive reinforcement, extinction, emitted, reinforced, establishing operations.

1)briefly describe/summarize your piece
The first article I chose is about putting the Prison Rape Elimination Act guidelines into place in all prisons. It was very difficult to get this act passed and it took many years but it was in fact passed in 2003 through Congress. Now as inspectors are going through prisons they are finding that many prisons have yet to implement the new guidelines.

2)tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The target behavior is implementing the new guidelines which relates to the concept of reinforcement.

3)tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of implementing the new guidelines is that the staff and prisoners will be more aware of how to prevent or deal with sexual assaults.

4)tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
If the staff is better educated on how to recognize and potentially prevent sexual assaults the hope is that they will be less prevalent. The guidelines require information to be posted for the hotline for sexual assault victims as well as rape kits and counseling to be provided for victims.

5)tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the removal of something because they are hoping to remove sexual assaults from prisons. Their goal is to greatly decrease the amount of sexual assaults that occur between inmates as well as between staff and inmates.

6)tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent would be passing the Act that requires the guidelines to be put in place.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Passing the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA)
B=Implementing new guidelines
C=Higher awareness of how to prevent or deal with sexual assaults

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because we are attempting to increase awareness of sexual assault and how to handle it and we are adding guidelines to assist inmates and staff with the ability to respond to sexual assault. There is also punishment involved with these guidelines. If a prison does not adhere to the guidelines its federal funding can be cut 5%. This threat will hopefully elicit prisons to follow the guidelines.

1)briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article was about the prevalence of coworkers stealing food from the office fridge. Apparently this is a popular problem that many people have to deal with. The article included a few different accounts of this happening and how some coworkers dealt with it.

2)tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
Coworkers stealing food from office fridge is the target behavior

3)tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence in this situation would be confronting your coworkers to try and stop them from continuing to steal food.

4)tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The goal is that by confronting your coworkers, or by taking things to Human Resources you will be able to decrease the frequency of your food being stolen.

5)tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
This consequence involves the addition of something because it requires you to give verbal warnings or cues to your coworkers or human resources.

6)tell us what the antecedent is.
The antecedent is having a fridge in the office that everyone is able to use.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Having a community fridge in office
B=Coworkers stealing food
C=Confronting coworkers or human resources

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because you are trying to decrease the frequency of the aversive behavior of food being stolen by giving verbal warnings.

Terminology: positive punishment, decrease, aversive, antecedent, consequence, elicit, target behavior, frequency

First Article
http://www.npr.org/2014/04/02/298332579/enforcing-prison-rape-elimination-standards-proves-tricky

Second Article
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297347789/stop-thief-when-colleagues-steal-from-the-office-fridge

1) this article is about the future of US energy independence. By 2035 they predict to be completely energy independent.
2) target behavior being energy independent
3) consequence is saving money
4) The less we buy oil and other energy products the more money you save so the more they will want to do it.
5)removal of spending money
6) USA government
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=USA Government
B=Creating own energy
C=Saving money

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why. negative reinforcement because its removing the spending of money

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.


1)This was about the secret service and how lately the secret service men have found themselves getting into their own trouble with the law
2) In the first example The secret service man got drunk in the hotel and passed out before the president showed up
3) Got sent home and was disciplined.
4) He will be more careful with his job realizing he is there to protect the president
5) Removal of something wanted, he got taken off the job for that week, maybe longer
6)Being in the secret service
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Being in the secret service
B=getting drunk before the president is there and safe
C=sent home

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why. NEgative because it was the removal of something he wanted. The job for at least that weeks as removed.

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-23151813
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26772926

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
consequence, positive, negative punishment, reinforcement, target behavior,

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article is about the benefits of being active in your 20s. They say that if we are active in our 20s, it will help us preserve brain function in our 40s. Researchers are not exactly sure why that is but there have been some studies done and thats what they got as results. In the study they also found that being active versus not being active in middle age makes a difference. Being active in middle age also helps preserve brain function. So it’s not too late for those people who weren’t active in their 20s to be active now.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The target behavior that illustrates a behavioral concept is being active in the 20s.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is preserving brain function in the 40s.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
Preserving brain function will increase the frequency of being active because preserving brain function of the brain is a benefit to people and people want to be independent, especially when they are getting older.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of something, in this case its the brain function.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Males and females in their 20s
B= Being active (running or in the gym)
C= Sharper brain at 45

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because there is an addition of something (brain function) and the behavior increases the frequency of the behavior.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This involves establishing operations. In this positive reinforcement there is an intrinsic value on the primary reinforcer of preserving brain function during middle age. The behaviors that are emitted can be generalized since there are different types of behaviors that fall under the behavioral class of being active.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about the South African government wanting to end the “condom fatigue” by providing condoms that are colorful and flavourful. They plan to distribute them at universities and colleges. They want to do this because the use of condoms has decreased significantly over the years. They believe this has happened due to the poor quality of the condoms.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
The target behavior that I’m using is not using the new condoms.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is getting infected with HIV

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
Getting infected with HIV will decrease the behavior of not using the condoms because it introduces an aversive stimulus

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
The consequence involves the addition of HIV in this situation.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= colleges and universities
B= Not using the free condoms
C= Get infected with HIV

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because the behavior of not using the condom has the consequence of the addition of an aversive stimulus, in this case the HIV infection.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26853788

Terminology: target behavior, behavioral concept, consequence, frequency, positive reinforcement, establishing operations, intrinsic, primary reinforcer, emitted, generalized, behavioral class, behavior, positive punishment, aversive stimulus

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece: The story I selected dealt with the most recent season winner of The Biggest Loser. She lost 60% of her body weight, weighing in at just 105 pounds. She received lots of negative feedback about how she’d gone too far and responded accordingly.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far: The target behavior the woman of the show is trying to harness is weight-control.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is: The consequence of losing too much weight for this contestant was the negative feedback she received from concerned audience members and viewers.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior: This consequence altered the frequency of this behavior by encouraging the discussion of body image. Due to these discussions (and the media’s coverage of it) the contestant has decreased this behavior and has actually gained back enough weight to be considered at a healthy weight.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something: The consequence involves the removal of positive feedback, which is what the contestant hoped to receive.

6) tell us to the antecedent is: The antecedent for the above listed target behavior is overweight contestants featured on a weight-loss/health show, portraying significant weight-control and loss.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Overweight contestants featured on a show promoting significant weight-loss.
B= Losing too much weight - contestant’s underweight image after losing too much weight on TBL.
C= Negative backlash from viewing community/concerned audience members.

This is negative reinforcement as it is taking away positive feedback from the contestant. One of the main points for this show is to provide the contestant with accolades for their stunning new, healthy bodies. However, when this contestant lost the most weight of any in all the seasons, she began receiving very negative feedback, causing her to change her behavior in order to receive positive reinforcement for her target behavior of losing weight. It involves the use of establishing operations as the show makes it more reinforcing for the contestants to lose the appropriate amount of weight so that they may be accordingly encouraged and praised for their weight-loss.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece: The article I selected details the addition of a minimum wage to Germany’s economy. The country has been very reliant on business groups and trade unions to fix the pay instead, leading to a faltering economy. The article details that if the people are paid more, they will be able to spend more, which in turn, will help to stimulate and grow the German economy.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept: The target behavior is the addition of a minimum wage to a country without it currently (it won’t be implemented until January 1, 2015).

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is: The consequence of the behavior is that the economy will become stimulated due to the influx of money. This will lead to economic growth.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior: The consequence of the behavior (adding a minimum wage) is that the economy grows. This will increase and solidify the frequency of this behavior throughout their country (meaning more and more of the businesses will adopt it quicker) as the owners will see the positive occurrences happening within their economy.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something: The consequence involves the stimulation of the German economy (very much an example of positive reinforcement – the higher the wage, the more residents can spend, and the better off the economy).

6) tell us to the antecedent is: The antecedent is quite simple; out of the 28 EU countries, Germany is one in seven without a minimum wage, spurring on a failing economy.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Germany, on in seven of the twenty-eight EU countries without a minimum wage.
B= Establishing a minimum wage.
C= The consequence is stimulation of the economy, as the higher wages will stimulate economic growth.

This is an example of positive reinforcement, as more and more members of the country (especially business owners) will see the value of paying employees more. It will help stimulate the German economy as more money will be able to be spent. The growth of the economy will be very reinforcing for every party involved, encouraging the rest of the country to follow suit. It involves the use of establishing operations as the influx of the state of the economy will make it more reinforcing for business owners to convert to the minimum wage quicker, so that the economy may be grown and strengthened.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/rachel-frederickson-biggest-loser_n_5078836.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-26851906

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post: negative, target behavior, consequence, frequency, positive, antecedent, negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, establishing operations

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1) Brief Summary: This article discusses the horror that is community fridge theft in the workplace. Coworkers, assistants, and bosses alike venture to the fridge looking for someone else’s lunch. This rude behavior is difficult to address (especially when it is your boss stealing your food, as Heather Chambers found out). To make matters worse, there is not really a set protocol to solve the problem. Staff emails discouraging fridge theft make are ineffective, and confrontations can make the atmosphere at work awkward and unpleasant, although sometimes contacting the human relations (HR) department can be helpful.
2) The target behavior is stealing someone else’s food from the community fridge at work (workplace fridge theft)
3) The consequence of workplace fridge theft would be the annoyed or angered previous owner of the food item contacting HR.
4) Contacting HR will decrease the frequency of the behavior. It is assumed the thief does not want to be contacted by HR and so will discontinue committing workplace fridge theft.
5) The consequence involves the addition of something
6) Bringing food to work and storing it in the community fridge.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Storing lunch in community fridge
B= Workplace fridge theft
C= Contact HR
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because the consequence is meant to decrease the undesirable behavior of workplace fridge theft. It does this by adding the contact of the human relations department. It is also an example of other-directed behavior. Because Chambers’ boss eats her lunch every day and she is not able to address the problem on her own, she has to go to HR to sort out some kind of action. In order to manipulate the target behavior, she can change the antecedent. For example, she might bring her lunch in a cooler and keep it at her desk, or she could buy food from the cafeteria or vending machine. Any of these options would also decrease the target behavior.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.

1) Summary: The article, “Is it Time to Reconsider Breast Self-Exams?” is an eye-opening article in today’s world. With increasing risk of breast cancer, women (and men) are becoming more aware of the definite danger they face. The article discusses the potential pros and cons to the recommended monthly self-exam. While Margaret McCartney claims the self-exams give women more anxiety and make them more prone to finding benign lumps, Victoria Seewaldt says they are still a good idea. She says regular and consistent checks are a good preventative measures, especially for the most aggressive and fast-growing types of breast cancer.
2) Target Behavior: Performing Breast Self-Exams
3) Consequence: Decreased risk for breast cancer
4) The consequence will increase the frequency of the self-exam (target behavior) because women believe it will decrease their risk for breast cancer.
5) The consequence involves the removal of risk of breast cancer.
6) Antecedent: Living in a world where breast cancer is a risk we face

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Existence of breast cancer
B= Perform Breast Self-Exam
C= Decreased risk for breast cancer
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement, because we are taking away risk for breast cancer (undesirable) by performing the self-exam (target behavior). Since increasing the target behavior will decrease the risk for breast cancer, it is a form of reinforcement.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used. This article also talks about various schedules for which the self-exam can be performed, monthly or weekly. Either of these is a fixed interval reinforcement schedule.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
Fridge Theft: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297347789/stop-thief-when-colleagues-steal-from-the-office-fridge

Is it time to reconsider breast self-exams?: http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297678849/is-it-time-to-reconsider-breast-self-exams

Terms: Target behavior, antecedent, ABC, consequence, reinforcement, punishment, positive punishment, undesirable, negative reinforcement, fixed interval reinforcement schedule

Reinforcement Article

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

This article is about a recent study that shows that exercising and running in your 20s may lead to better memory and cognitive functioning in middle age.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far

The target behavior in this example is exercise.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

The consequence of this behavior is increased memory and cognitive functioning in middle age.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior.

The consequence will ideally increase the frequency of exercise of people in their 20s.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something

The consequence involves the addition of something--in this case increased memory and cognitive functioning in middle age.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent in this example is not wanting to lose memory or cognitive abilities in middle age.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Not wanting to lose cognitive abilities in middle age
B=Runs and exercises in 20s
C=Increased cognitive abilities and memory in middle age

This is an example of negative reinforcement because it involves the removal of something adversive--in this case diminished memory or cognitive functioning in middle age.

Punishment Article
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,

I chose an article about how NASA has suspended its cooperation with Russia due to its annexation of Crimea. NASA will still work to ensure safety on the International Space Station, but Russian officials are barred from visiting NASA institutions in the US and US astronauts will not be using Russian spacecraft to travel to the ISS. Russia depends heavily on the $70 million fare it costs to send American astronauts to the ISS.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept

The target behavior is reducing the likelihood that Russia will pursue further action in Ukraine.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

The consequence of the behavior is NASA cutting its ties with Russia

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

Ideally this sanction will reduce the likelihood that Russia will pursue further action in Ukraine.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something

The consequence involves the removal of something.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent is international repercussions for nations that violate international laws.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Repercussions for nations that violate international laws
B=Russia annexes Crimea
C=NASA suspends communication and cooperation with Russia

This is an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of something desirable, in this case money that Russia depends on from NASA for its space program.

Terms: antecedent, consequence, target behavior, negative punishment, positive reinforcement, desirable, adversive

Reinforcement URL:http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45

Punishment URL: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/04/02/298369287/nasa-suspends-some-ties-with-russia-over-ukraine-crisis

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
I choose the article “Do girl scout cookies still make the world a better place?”. Which talked about the ethical pros and cons of the Girl Scouts in America when selling their cookies. The cookies are thought to be related to the obesity rates, which is bringing concern.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, The target behavior is trying to reduce the amount of sales of the unhealthy girl scout cookies.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is reducing the amount of unhealthy cookies sold to the public.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will alter the frequency of behavior by lowering the frequency. Since the cookies could be taken away, then the behavior will not be allowed anymore.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something,
This is the removal of something because it’s taking away the cookies being sold.
finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is people being concerned with the unhealthiness of girl scout cookies.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Being concerned with how unhealthy girl scout cookies are.
B= Getting girl scouts to stop selling cookies
C= Decrease the amount of girl scout cookies eaten
This is an example of negative reinforcement because it involves the removal of something desirable. This could also possibly include extinction since the cookies will not be around anymore.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
I found an article on stores promoting weight bias by not offering clothing in certain sizes. I’ve definitely heard of Abercrombie & Fitch following this trend, so this article interested me. Weight bias is a discrimination of a person based on their weight.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, The target behavior from this article would be finding clothes in your size.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, The consequence is struggling to find clothes in your size and possibly even leaving the store with a negative attitude towards it.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, If the store doesn’t change their size policy then you would probably not shop their anymore. Meaning the frequency of the behavior will probably come to a stop.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable.
finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is entering the clothing store.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Entering the clothing store
B= Not finding any clothes that fit you
C= Not shopping at that store anymore

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment. Since the clothing store has added something undesirable to decrease a particular behavior, which is getting certain people to not shop there anymore. This could emit a discriminative stimulus because it effects who or who will not shop at that store.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/01/295748000/do-girl-scout-cookies-still-make-the-world-a-better-place
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/size-discrimination-_n_5065455.html
Terms: Behavior, negative reinforcement, consequence, extinction, decrease, antecedent, target behavior, frequency of behavior, undesirable, addition, discriminative stimulus, emit, positive punishment.

Reinforcement
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1. The article I found is from huffingtonpost.com, and it is called “Congress Passes Bill for Adverting Medicare Pay Cut For Doctors.” In this article a bill was averted for the pay cuts of doctors. This is the 17th time that there has been a temporary fix for this issue, rather than readjusting the formula, so it is current with the costs of living, the services they provide, and their skills and knowledge.
2. The target behavior is to keep doctors working with patients who are in the Medicare insurance program.
3. The consequence of this congressional approval is that doctors are more likely to stay in the program.
4. As referred to in the article, the this will continue to increase the times that legislators will agree to a temporary “doc fix,” which is essentially what they are doing, rather than agreeing to a permanent bipartisan replacement of the formula that was created in 1997. This is the 17th time this has been done.
5. The consequence involves the addition of keeping doctors in the program and there has also been an increase of individuals in the Medicare program.
6. In this example, the antecedent is the Senate deciding whether to give or not give congressional approval of a pay cut.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Senate
B= Votes to avert a pay cut for doctors with Medicare patients
C= Doctors will stay in the program
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
The example I have provided demonstrates positive reinforcement, because Congress continues to make temporary fixes to replacing the formula. Whenever this issue becomes addressed again, Congress will most likely emit the response of a simple, quick fix, rather than creating a new formula for the pay doctors receive.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
There is an establishing operation in this article, and it is guaranteeing that there are no pay cuts for doctors who work with and treat patients of Medicare. An establishing operation is an adjustment to the environment to increase the chance that the reinforcer is reinforcing for the organism. Extinction is not occurring in this example. If budget cuts were going to happen, it would be aversive for the doctors, and may elicit the response of the doctors quitting. As a consequence, sick patients would not get the appropriate care they require, and it may not be as thorough. Being sick is a behavioral class, but going to the doctor serves as a functional behavioral class due to the individuals having different illnesses and needing a different type of medical assistance. If the client receives a prescription it is on a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement. This is because he or she may not always need medication/receive continuous reinforcement, but when they do receive medication, it is reinforcing for them to continue to see a doctor when they do not feel well. Thus, they will emit the response of returning to their physician, so they are capable of experiencing a desirable consequence of feeling healthy and well.

Punishment
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1. For the punishment portion of this topical blog, I used a video clip from Huffingtonpost.com called “Colleen Cudney’s Facebook Post Could Land Her In Jail.” Cudney is currently on probation for her recent DUI, and she is not to be consuming alcohol. This video clip goes on to talk about how she made a post on Facebook how she had passed a breathalyzer test after a night of drinking.
2. The target behavior is to have Cudney not drink while she is on probation.
3. The consequence of the Cudney’s behavior is that she may serve a jail sentence for violation of her probation, and she was to take a urinalysis.
4. The consequence of going to jail is aversive, so it should decrease Cudney’s behavior of drinking (or possibly just posting about her drinking on Facebook).
5. The consequence involves the addition of something.
6. The antecedent is the police saw this woman’s post on Facebook.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Police saw post on Facebook
B= Woman made a post about it on Facebook about drinking
C= She may serve a jail sentence
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
The article is an example of positive punishment, because it involves the addition of something undesirable. In this case, it would be serving jail time. This may also cause her to be on probation longer and have difficulty securing employment in the future. Having a job is something that has extrinsic value in our culture. Although drinking may have some sort of intrinsic value to Cudney, hopefully the punishment will decrease the frequency of her emitting the behavior of drinking.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/31/congress-medicare-pay-cut_n_5065919.html
http://live.huffingtonpost.com/r/archive/segment/colleen-cudneys-facebook-post-could-land-her-in-jail/53399028fe3444041d00001b?cn=tbla

Terms: target behavior, consequence, antecedent, ABCs, behavior, positive reinforcement, establishing operation, reinforcer, reinforce, organism, extinction, aversive, elicit, response, behavioral class, functional behavioral class, variable ratio schedule of reinforcement, continuous reinforcement, emit, desirable, punishment, positive punishment, extrinsic value, intrinsic value, frequency

1.) I chose an article from NPR which talked about whether girl scout cookies are good for you because they are cookies and full of calories, trans fat, and carbohydrates. I love girl scout cookies so I found it interesting!
2.) The target behavior is for us to stop eating so many girl scout cookies.
3.) The consequence of this behavior is that hopefully we will stay healthy...not gain weight.
4.) The consequence is if we stop eating the cookies we will remain healthy, at a normal weight and feel good about ourselves which we like so therefore will continue to not eat cookies.
5.) The consequence involves the removal of something negative...the girl scout cookies.
6.) The antecedent is we are eating girl scout cookies which are bad for us.
A= eating girl scout cookies
B= stop eating girl scout cookies
C= feel healthier and higher self esteem
This is an example of negative reinforcement, because we are removing something negative, the cookies.
1.) The second article I choose explains why people get beer bellies from drinking too much beer. Drinking beer too much is not the only factor. Your age, weight, and body type also play a role.
2.) The target behavior is having a beer belly.
3.)The consequence is being overweight and unhealthy.
4.)The consequence should decrease how much beer your drink. If you are getting fat you should want to drink less beer.
5.)The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable...a beer belly.
6.)The antecedent is drinking beer
A= drinking beer
B= getting a beer belly
C= being overweight
This is an example of positive punishment because, we are adding something negative..a beer belly.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/01/295748000/do-girl-scout-cookies-still-make-the-world-a-better-place
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20130920-what-causes-a-beer-belly
Terms: target behavior, consequence, antecedent, negative reinforcement,positive punishment


What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page(http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
Dr. Mosley suggests upping the amount of fruit and veggies you eat every day and making sure that you eat them, not drink them( which elicits a of eating more fruits and veggies(emit)). Drinking them provides no nutritional benefit, so eating them is the best option.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The behavior is eating, not drinking, your servings of fruit and veggies.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is getting more healthful nutrition from eating your fruit and veggie servings.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
If a person eats a fruit and veggie they like: they will feel better, and probably be healthier. Feeling better and healthier will increase the frequency of the behavior. But if a person eats a fruit or veggie they don’t like, the frequency will decrease due the aversive valence placed on the taste, getting sick, or something else they find to be bad.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
The consequence involves the addition of whole fruit to the diet and/or the removal of drinking servings of fruit depending on the person.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Doctor Mosley writing an article that tells people to eat more whole fruits and veggies.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Doctor Mosley writing an article that tells people to eat more whole fruits and veggies.
B= the behavior is eating, not drinking, your servings of fruit and veggies.
C= The consequence is getting more healthful nutrition from eating your fruit and veggie serving’s.

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This could be an example of both reinforcement types and extinction. It could be positive reinforcement if a person was adding more whole fruits and veggies to their diet as it would improve their healthy and make them feel better in general(pleasant valence). It could also be negative reinforcement if drink servings of fruit was removed from the persons diet which would also result in the person upping their fruit and veggie servings while feeling better and healthier due to the added nutrition.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This behavior could involve extinction if the person in question quit drinking their servings of fruit and veggies.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
Trisha Lovetrove explains why she lies to the Food Pantry: despite her husband’s job and her odd jobs, she has to go the Food pantry and lies about how big her family is so she gets more food when they run out of money to buy food after paying their bills.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
The behavior is Trisha lying to the food pantry about her family size.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is getting more food for her family.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the frequency because every time she lies about how large her family is, she gets more food her family needs.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
The consequence involves the addition of food her family would not have if she didn’t lie to the food pantry.
6) Tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is Trisha’s family not having enough money to buy food after paying her other bills.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= The antecedent is Trisha’s family not having enough money to buy food after paying her other bills.
B= The behavior is Trisha lying to the food pantry about her family size.
C= The consequence is getting more food for her family.
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because Trisha’s family gains food they need to live when she lies to the Food Pantry, which she ( and her family) place a pleasant valence on.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26848981
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/trisha-lovetrove/why-i-lie-to-the-food-pantry_b_5064008.html
Emit, elicits, behavior, consequence, increase, frequency, decrease, aversive valence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, adding, negative reinforcement, removed, extinction, pleasant valence, gains

http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=298332579&m=298374046&live=1

This audio talked about a law that has been put in place to enforce stopping rape in prisons, and if it doesn’t get enforced the prison will lose funding. The target behavior is for the prison rape laws to be enforced. The consequence if it doesn’t succeed there will be funding cuts to those prisons. The consequence should make the workers enforce it a lot stronger and make consequences for the actions of those who break this law. The consequence will cause the removal of funding, but could also add funding if they succeed. The antecedent is the rapes that have been happening in prisons.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Prison rapes
B= Law being enforced
C= Funding cuts if states don’t follow
This is positive punishment if they get the funding because they have that goal of reaching the funding.
The goal of this is to get extinction of these prison rapes. It can be a positive reinforcement, because overall the target behavior is to be better. The consequence can either be adding or subtracting the funding for that prison. The reason that this was put in place was because the antecedent got to be really band and it was something that they needed to change.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page(http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
This article talked about how a recent study has been done and people should be eating more fruits and vegetables than originally thought. It also tells what colors of fruits and vegetables, and what each of them can do for your body for example white vegetables such as garlic and white onions can kill off bad microorganisms. The target behavior is to encourage people to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables. The consequence of this would be people would be healthier. It could alter people’s diets and encourage them to eat fresher fruits and vegetables. The consequence is adding a healthier life style which could increase a person’s overall mood.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= People aren’t eating as much veggies and fruits as they should be
B= Increase to eating 4 veggies and 3 fruits a day
C= Helps improve health
This is positive reinforcement, because it will encourage people to eat healthier and overall have a healthier lifestyle.
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26848981

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
I read an article about the practice of eating dirt. This craving to eat items that are not food is due to a disorder called pica, and pica actually occurs everywhere around the world. In the South though, there is a white clay that many people down there enjoy eating.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The target behavior is eating the white dirt.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is satisfying a craving, but the dirt may also be working as a detoxing agent.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
Since the consequence is a positive one, the frequency of the behavior will likely increase.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
I think that the consequence involves both adding something and removing something. It’s adding a sense of a craving being filled, but it is possibly removing toxins in the body.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the cravings for the white dirt.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= cravings
B= eating white dirt
C= removing possible toxins and satisfying a craving.
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement the cravings and toxins are taken away from the body after the dirt is being eaten.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
For the second part of this assignment, I found an article on weight bias in different clothing stores. Some stores seem to be only offering sizes for smaller men and women.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
The behavior is people of larger built entering certain clothing stores.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is these bigger people will not shop in these stores any longer.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of this behavior would lower the frequency of the behavior.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is people trying to find clothes.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= larger people going to the clothing store
B= not being able to find clothes that fit
C=not shopping at those stores anymore
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of the negative punishment because the clothing stores do not have something they would need to create more business.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/01/295748000/do-girl-scout-cookies-still-make-the-world-a-better-place
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297881388/the-old-and-mysterious-practice-of-eating-dirt-revealed

Topical Blog Week #11 (Due Wednesday)
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This article is about the behavior of sleeping. It talks about how sleep is thought of being more of an interruption instead of something that is need and is good for you. People think that you can be doing better things with your time like getting homework done or spending time doing things you love like shopping or talking with friends. But sleep is a great behavior to do more of because the consequences are great. The focus is on the group of people that are teenagers because studies have shown that teens doing get a lot of sleep but sleep is one of the best things for them.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior that is talked about in this article is sleeping. To narrow down the behavior to be more specific the sleep should be in a completely dark place, sleep should be scheduled, keep a cooler room temp and that will make the behavior or sleep the best.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequences that they talk about when dealing with sleep is that is helps your concentrate better, helps you learn better and much more. It even goes on to tell the reader how to make sure that you get the best sleep you can. Your immune system will also improve and you will get sick less and there for be able to go out and get things done instead of lying in bed because you’re sick. Another things that is a consequence of sleeping is that people will fill better about themselves and will be happier.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequences will alter the frequency of the behavior of sleeping because they will improve their lives. When they see that they are healthier and are getting better grades they will want to stay that way and the good feelings can reinforcing. The better grades because of their ability to focus because of the sleep and everyone hates being sick and if more sleep means you will get sick less that will be a big reinforcer.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of something. The consequences of more sleep brings in to the persons lives health and better grades and more focus. It can also involves the removal of the tiredness and the sickness that can come to a person when they don’t get enough sleep can also be removed from the person’s life.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent of the behavior of sleep would be sleepiness that can be companied by a sickness and lack of focus. What the antecedent really is that people want to get rid of the sickness and tiredness and the way to do that is to get more sleep which is the target behavior.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Wanting to get to ride of sick and tired feeling.
B=Sleeping more and sleeping in the dark and cool room at scheduled times.
C= Getting better grades, more focused mind, healthier body and better feeling about yourself.
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it is looking to increase the likelihood of the behavior of sleep which makes it reinforcement and also is positive because it involves the addition of something. It does not involve extinction because the sleep will also keep reinforcing and will not stop eventually.
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article is about the NCAA tournament and the basketball teams competing. It is now come down to the finals and that means that the final four teams just got done playing their games to securer their place in the final. It talks about what a big deal it is to win and how much it is important to a university and all the pride that comes along with winning the great game and winning the championship.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior is not lose the basketball games and stop not making to the final game and winning the championship game and becoming the 2014 NCAA men’s basketball team of the year.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior not losing all the games and not making it all the way to the championship game and not winning is the praise that they get. When the team doesn’t win the championship games They don’t get the trophy and the rings and all the appeal like hats and t-shirts to show it everyone that they are the best. The get a lot of praise and bragging rights and a big banner up at their court and all their fans and the rest of the sports fan calling them the best team.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequences of playing the game and not winning the championship game and not becoming the champions is that they will not be able love the praise and will have people all around them boasting their ego. They if they don’t have had worked extremely hard to get to the championship game and the consequences are why they worked so hard. They will want to keep trying to win games and not lose because of all the attention and great feeling they get after winning.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequences involved the addition of something and not the removal of something. The addition of the praise and the great feels of having all the hard work pay off. Another attention is all the rewards including the trophy, hats, t-shirts and the banner.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the tournament being set up and all the teams working hard to make it into the tournament. This is what will cause them to not lose and want them to win the games and then the championship.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= The tournament being set up and all the teams working hard to make it into the tournament.
B= Losing the games and the championship.
C= Praise and the rewards of trophies and bragging rights and knowing all the hard work paid off.
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is positive punishment because we want to the behavior of losing to decrease and it is adding something that the team wants in order to get them to stop losing.
terms and terminology you used in your post.
positive punishment, antecedent, consequences, extinction
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/05/kentucky-wisconsin-final-four-2014_n_5098958.html
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/05/let-teenagers-sleep-2014 n 5089395.html

1. The first article is about the superhero Wonder Woman. It talks about how and why she was created. The article also gives insight about her creator, William Moulton Marston. The focus of this article was how Wonder Woman helped a generation of not only young women in the country, but also comic book sales overall to children in the nation.

2. The behavior I am choosing to write about is young girls buying more comic books. Wonder Woman proved to be a very good example to them, despite her provocative outfit of the time. In this period, there were not many female superheros. Wonder Woman was the first major one showcasing her supernatural abilities of truth, beauty, and love. She was an example to young women everywhere that they could grow up and become whatever they wanted.

3. The consequence of this behavior is the comic book business making more money during those difficult times of war. It helped the company stay in business.

4. Since the comic book companies will be making more money, the consequence of this behavior would be to sell more issues about Wonder Woman. The character appeals to more audiences and keeps the organization going.

5. Printing more issues will elicit more people to emit the behavior of making more sales. This is an addition of something positive.

6. The antecedent of this behavior is Marston creating the character of Wonder Woman.

A- Marston creates Wonder Woman.
B- More young girls buy comic books.
C- Comic book companies make more money.

This is an example of positive reinforcement, because its the addition of something pleasurable. The companies are taking in more money than they have before because they are expanding their clientele.

I could see an extinction burst happening if there were ever a lull in sales. Some comic book companies try to give pushes on their products if not very many people are buying them. They start to market them in new ways and try to get the attention of other people. Depending on how much research they have done on their consumers, this would be considered a variable schedule of reinforcement because they would never know which issue would be the most successful to being bought.

7. The second article chosen was about the Hong Kong protests happening now. Today has been their month long anniversary. Protesters are flocking to the streets, with umbrellas in hand, demanding full democracy.

8. The target behavior I have chosen to use is the people of Hong Kong protesting against the government.

9. The consequence of this behavior was Hong Kong officers using tear gas on 87 people protesting.

10. The consequence altered the frequency of the behavior by more people coming together in support of the cause. Many of the people involved saw how wrong the action was emitted by the police. So today they had a moment of silence that lasted 87 seconds, a second for each person who was hit with the tear gas.

11. This consequence involves the addition of something aversive to the situation.

14. The antecedent of the behavior is the people of Hong Kong wanting a democracy.

A- People want a full democracy.
B- The people begin to protest.
C- The officers use tear gas on protesters.

This would be positive because it is the addition of something aversive to the situation. The officers are adding the tear gas to the protesters.

Sources:
http://www.npr.org/2014/10/27/359078315/the-man-behind-wonder-woman-was-inspired-by-both-suffragists-and-centerfolds

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-29797987

Terms: behavior, consequence, elicit, emit, antecedent, positive reinforcement, extinction burst, variable schedule of reinforcement, positive punishment, aversive, pleasurable

For your news I would like you to

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
Turkey is allowing Syrians to train on their land in the effort to overcome the Islamic State in Iraq.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
Turkey welcoming the Syrians to train in Turkey is the target behavior.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is a stronger Syrian army to fight against the ISIS.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
If they continue to welcome armies into their land to train, they will continue to create stronger armies.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
It involves the addition of help to the Syrians.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the presence of the ISIS in Iraq and the need for an opposing army.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Presence of the ISIS in Iraq
B= Turkey allowing Syrian army to train in Turkey
C= Syrians have a stronger army to fight the ISIS

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.

This is positive reinforcement, because they are adding help to the situation.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This involves establishing operations to some extent, because they are providing something that the Syrians have desperately wanted and needed to strengthen their army.
This could also involve simple classical conditioning by showing the Syrians that if they ask for help they will get it.

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
Oscar Pistorius, a South African athlete, is being sentences to three years of house arrest for killing his girlfriend.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
The behavior is killing his girlfriend.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is three years of house arrest.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
By going through three years of house arrest with hardly much freedom, it may make him think twice before killing someone again.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
It involves the removal of freedom to the outside world from his home.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is that he was in a fight with his girlfriend.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Oscar and his girlfriend were in a fight.
B= Oscar killed his girlfriend.
C= Oscar has been sentenced to three years of house arrest.

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.

This is negative punishment, because he freedom to the outside world has been removed from his rights.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Classical Conditioning, Establishing Operations, Target Behavior, Consequence, Antecedent, Addition, Removal, Positive Reinforcement, Negative Punishment

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29591916
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/10/13/355832292/pistorius-should-serve-3-years-house-arrest-prison-official-says

It’s a story about haw these people are building human towers or castells to show their independence and represent their culture what they can accomplish if they work together. I think that the target behavior of this is to show that Catalan nationalism has grown they had been under military dictatorship for a long time. The region has long tried to break away from the Spanish central government in Madrid. On Nov. 9, they plan to have a unofficial nonbinding vote to decide to break away from Spain and form their own country. So I guess that the target behavior for the tower building is to show that there is a lot of them and that they are not being recognized and if they work together they can do anything not only build a tall human tower but become their own country. They are going around and these towers of people are popping up all over the place you could go in to any town and see one happening.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=breaking away from Spanish government
B= building human towers to show that they are united
C= showing Spain that they are united in the cause and will be heard and to get people to vote to break away
I think that this is positive reinforcement it is adding a the towers which is adding followers to their cause

http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/10/21/357822006/with-human-pyramids-catalans-reach-for-independence

The article that I decided to look at was, is about the cost of private schools and is it worth it. If you are looking at sending your kids to a private school the financial responsibility is huge it talked about how there are other options that you might want to consider. The target behavior as I see it is sending your kids to a good school, with high education out comes and smaller class room sizes. The consequence of this behavior is the strain that it will put on your wallet. It might end up causing more harm than good. The trouble with it is if you can’t afford the long haul of putting your kid all the way through private school then you run the risk of later problems by having change schools and exposing them to a totally different environment, which can be bad. I really think the antecedent in this is sending your kids to private school
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Sending kids to private school
B=better education for the kid
C=cost a lot of money
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
I can see it as a positive punishment. You are punishing yourself financially to add a better education for your kid.

http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20141031-how-to-pay-for-private-school

Topical Blog Week #11
For your news I would like you to:
1.) briefly describe/summarize your piece:
This article is about building renewable energy stations, including hydro stations, solar stations, and wind farms. By increasing access to renewable resources this decreases the demand for non-renewable resources.
2.) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far:
The target behavior is building renewable energy stations.
3.) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is:
The consequence of building renewable energy stations is there will be more forms of renewable energy readily available to citizens, saving the environment and money in the long run.
4.) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior:
Once the citizen can recognize the positive consequences of building renewable energy stations, it is more likely more stations will be built. Other states and countries may also recognize the difference renewable energy stations provide and choose to do the same.
5.) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something:
The consequence involves the addition of renewable energy stations. Which leads to more money and a healthier environment.
6.) tell us to the antecedent is:
The antecedent would be the location. For example, you may not want to create a solar station in Alaska. Or a hydro powered station in the desert. Location is important for the target behavior to be successfully elicited.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= location
B= building renewable energy stations
C= availability of renewable resources, saving money, and saving the environment.
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why:
This is an example positive reinforcement. It is an example of positive reinforcement because it is adding something (availability of renewable resources). Knowing that renewable resources will also result in saving money and a healthier environment, this will increase the likelihood citizens will want to support and participate in building renewable energy stations.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can:
The citizen may experience extinction if the target behavior no longer provides a reinforcement. Say they build one energy station and can see a positive effect it has on the environment and their pocketbooks. If the economy is down, building more renewable energy stations may result in losing money. Therefore, they are no longer receiving a reinforcement for the target behavior. We also have learned in a previous sections that money is a generalized reinforcer. By emitting the above target behavior, the citizens may also experience satiation. By building renewable energy stations, they may experience sufficient access to renewable resources themselves. They also will be saving money and helping the environment.

For your news I would like you to:
1.) briefly describe/summarize your piece:
In previous sections, we have briefly talked about the behaviors of animals. Animals see food as a reinforcement. People also see food as a reinforcement. In this article, a man from Australia decides it’s a brilliant idea to go “surfing” on a dead whale in the middle of the ocean. He is then surrounded by sharks who are emitting an animalistic instinct, to eat. This article goes to show people’s behaviors can prove to be more complicated than animals. The sharks see the whale as a source of food. The man see the whale as a source of adventure.
2.) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept:
The target behavior in this article is “surfing” on a dead whale.
3.) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is:
The consequence of surfing on a dead whale is you will be surrounded by sharks.
4.) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior:
More than likely, the consequence will decrease the likelihood of a person surfing on a dead whale due to the fact sharks will not distinguish between whale meat and human meat. The fact that your life is at risk will decrease the likelihood of this behavior.
5.) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something: This consequence involves the addition of sharks. And a fear for your life.
6.) tell us to the antecedent is: The antecedent is spotting a dead whale.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= spotting a dead whale
B= “surfing” on a dead whale
C= sharks begin to circle putting your life at risk
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why:
This article is an example of positive punishment because it involves the addition of sharks. Because of this addition it reduces the likelihood someone would “surf” on a dead whale. Making this example positive punishment.
Terminology: target behavior, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, extinction, satiation, emit, elicit, positive punishment.
URLS:
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-29879140
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-29876477

1)briefly describe/summarize your piece
The article I chose to represent reinforcement is “Kenyans Wilson Kipsang, Mary Keitany Take NYC Marathon Titles”. The New York City Marathon occurred earlier this week and two Kenyans won the men’s and women’s titles. Wilson Kipsang finished in 2 hours, 10 minutes, and 59 seconds while Mary Keitany finished in 2 hours, 25 minutes, and 7 seconds. Wilson Kipsang has won two other marathons in his life and is a former world-record holder. Keitany had previously won a London marathon as well.

2)tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior I am using that illustrates reinforcement is winning a marathon.

3)tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is a great feeling of accomplishment.

4)tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence of a great feeling of accomplishment could lead to the frequency of winning marathons to increase. Once they know how great it feels to win, they will be more motivated to work hard to win more marathons in the future. It is obvious that this is true because both of the Kenyans had won marathons previous to winning the New York City Marathon.

5)tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of something. It involves the addition of a great feeling of accomplishment. The consequence of accomplishment occurs when the behavior of winning a marathon is emitted.

6)tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is training hard for the New York City Marathon

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= training hard for the New York City Marathon
B= winning the marathon
C= great feeling of accomplishment

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of a positive feeling of accomplishment. This is definitely reinforcement because it makes the runner more likely to do the behavior of racing and winning a marathon in the future.


1)briefly describe/summarize your piece
The article I found is about a woman, Rita Jeptoo, who won the Boston Marathon may have been using illegal substances. The award ceremony was supposed to occur Sunday, but it was postponed because she tested positive for a banned substance. The Majors wrote that they were disappointed to learn about this. The backup sample is being tested right now.

2)tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior is winning a marathon while using illegal substances.

3)tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence is the Majors being disappointed in you.

4)tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence of the Majors being disappointed in you will lower the frequency of her using illegal substances in the future. Besides just being disappointed, the award ceremony was postponed, and if the test comes back positive on the backup, her award will not be given to her. I did not put this as the consequence because we do not know for sure yet whether her backup test will come back positive or negative. However, we do know that the Majors are currently disappointed in her, so I used this as the consequence.

5)tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence of Majors being disappointed in her is the addition of something. The feelings of disappointment are added to the equation.

6)tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is using illegal substances.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= using illegal substances
B= winning a marathon while using illegal substances
C= disappointing the Majors (possibly losing title in the future)

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because the feelings of disappointment are being added. There are many other consequences that could potentially come from this situation that could be examples of negative punishment. Her awards were postponed and it is possible that she will lose all her awards for winning the Boston Marathon. This would be negative punishment because it involves taking something away.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/10/31/360442697/with-reports-of-doping-world-marathon-majors-postpones-awards-ceremony

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/02/360909552/kenyans-wilson-kipsang-mary-keitany-take-nyc-marathon-titles

Terms: reinforcement, target behavior, consequence, behavior, emitted, antecedent, ABC’s, positive reinforcement, punishment, positive punishment, negative punishment

1. Briefly describe/summarize your article.
My article was about candy and how a lot of parents love but yet dread Halloween at the same time. The fact that their children find so much joy in dressing up as someone or something else always brings a smile to a parents face. However, everyone knows what comes with Halloween, endless amounts of candy. Parents are trying to come up with different ways to try and get their children to stop eating so much candy. One example would be if you decided to give up tv time you could have a piece of candy.

2. tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept:
The target behavior is the lengths parents are willing to go to stop their children from eating so much candy.

3. Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is:
The consequence of the behavior is the children trying to argue with their parents in order to get their way.

4.tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior:
The consequence of the behavior will result in the children throwing a fit and the parents possibly having to punish the child.

5. tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
The consequence of the behavior results in the removal and addition of something. If a child wants a piece of candy lets say then the child will have to give up something, for example watching television.

6. Tell us what the antecedent was:
The antecedent is the candy

Please list the ABC's:
A: candy
B: the children wanting more candy
C: children giving up something in order to have candy

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.

I think this article was an example of positive reinforcement. The reason I believe that this is an example of positive reinforcement is because both the child and the parent get what they want. The child wants to be able to eat more candy however the parents don't necessarily want that. However, the parents are willing to sacrifice a little in order to make their child happy.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/04/361215614/how-to-wean-your-kids-off-halloween-candy-cold-hard-cash

Terms used: positive reinforcement, antecendent, ABCs, punishment

Briefly describe/summarize your piece:
This Article was about a parent who was trying to grab control of her children’s candy eating habits after Halloween. She tried to monitor how much they ate, but her children always found ways around getting to eat more than she wanted them too. She decided she was going to buy the candy away from her children, so she would have all control over when they could eat the candy. She owned it that way.
Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
Buying the children’s Halloween candy
Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
She gains all control over the candy and can monitor how much her children eat a day
Tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The amount of candy the boys eat a day will decrease because the candy will no longer be theirs
Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
It was the addition of the money, to decrease the amount of candy the boys are eating each day.
Tell us to the antecedent is
Children receive Halloween candy
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Halloween candy is received
B= mom gives her children $30 to be the owner of the candy
C= the boys can no longer eat the candy whenever they want too
This article displays positive punishment because the mother is giving her children money in order to decrease their behavior of eating too much Halloween candy
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/04/361215614/how-to-wean-your-kids-off-halloween-candy-cold-hard-cash

briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article was about a girl who suffered from depression. She visited India and never felt better, so she decided to quit her job, pack all of her belongings, and travel the world. She has never been happier by choosing this path in life.
tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
quitting her job
tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
Being able to travel more
tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
When she quit her job she had nothing holding her back from traveling. She was able to pursue her dreams and be happy
tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
It involves the removal of her job so she can increase the amount she can travel
tell us to the antecedent is.
Wanting to travel more
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Wanting to travel more
B= quits her job
C= able to travel the world
This is an example of negative reinforcement because it is the removal of her job the increases her ability to travel the world.
http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20140925-how-i-quit-my-job-to-travel-the-financial-writer

1) Nik Wallenda tightroped between skyscrapers on Sunday night in the windy city of Chicago. He completed to separate walks. One that rose 85ft and the second blindfolded. He didn't wear a harness for either walk and had practice falling off tightropes and holding on for up to 20 minutes prior to his walks in Chicago. The walks were broadcasted by the Discovery channel and maintained a 10 second delay, just in case. Both walks were successfully completed and he is now the current record holder for steepest tightrope walk and highest blindfolded walk.
2) The target behavior for this article is Nik Wallenda tightroping across the Chicago skyline.
3) The consequence of his behavior is becoming the recorded holder for two records.
4) The consequence is going to continue to elicit the behavior of tightroping increasingly more dangerous walks.
5) The consequence involves the addition of two new world records.
6) The antecedent is Wallenda being a seventh-generation performer.
A= Seventh-generation performer.
B= Tightropes Chicago skyline.
C= Broke two world records.
This article is an example of positive reinforcement. It involves the addition of becoming the new holder of two world records and will increase the target behavior of tightroping. You can saying that the schedule of reinforcement was continuous because his “big walks” are broadcasted on TV, and he is continuously cheered on by an audience while doing his walks. The reinforcer of becoming a new record holder would be a variable ratio. Depending on the current record he might not be reinforced for every walk he does.
1) Two Juniors from Bristol Plymouth Regional Technical School posed with air soft guns and posted it to a social media site with the caption “Homecoming 2014.” School officials took action and suspended the two teens. Police officers reported they would have cancelled the dance if they photo had been noticed sooner. The teens have made statements saying it was a harmless photo, while school believes they needed to be punished for the photo regardless of the location.
2) The target behavior is taking a homecoming photo with air soft guns and post it to social media.
3) The consequence was being suspended from school.
4) The consequence will keep other students different schools from posting similar photos.
5) The consequence involves removing the students from participating in school for 10 days.
6) The air soft guns are used by the boy on a competivie shooting team..
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Use air soft guns on competitive shooting team.
B= Take homecoming photo with air soft gun and post it to social media.
C= Both teens are suspended from school for 10 days.
This is an example of negative punishment. The two were taken out of school and participation in school events. The results of posting the photo will likely keep other students and the two teens from emitting such behavior in the future. The goal of the school officials is to extinguish this from happening again, this is possible because of the aversive punishment.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/02/nik-wallenda-tightrope-chicago_n_6091504.html?utm_hp_ref=weird-news
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/29/tito-velez-jamie-pereira-airsoft-photo_n_6067706.html?cps=gravity
Terms: Target Behavior, Behavior, Antecedent, Consequence, Schedules of Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement, Continuous Reinforcement, Variable Ratio, Reinforcer, Elicit, Emitting, Extinguish, Aversive, Punishment, Negative Punishment.

1)Briefly describe/summarize your piece- I chose an article about a Dentist who buys Halloween candy from children after they've collected it and then he sends it to troops overseas. He buys the candy for $1 a pound.

2)Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far- The target behavior is paying the children for their candy

3)Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is- The consequence is that the children are happier with their money than with the candy

4)Tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior- The consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior by increasing it. The children are more likely to continue to sell their candy because they would rather have money than candy.

5)Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something- The consequence involves the addition of something positive, which would be the money and happiness

6)Tell us what the antecedent is- The antecedent is that it was Halloween

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Halloween
B=Buying candy from children
C=Children are happy with money

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why- This is an example of positive reinforcement because the children are receiving money as a reward for turning in their candy instead of eating it all and the money is more likely to cause them to participate in the program again next year

1)Briefly describe/summarize your piece- This article talks about how Adrian Peterson, a Vikings NFL football player is taking a fine for being accused of abusing his son instead of jail time.

2)Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept- The target behavior I am using is taking a plea deal

3)Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is- The consequence of this behavior is that Adrian Peterson will have to face trial and embarrassment

4)Tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior- The consequence will decrease the likelihood that Adrian Peterson will continue to use corporal punishment on his son.

5)Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something-The consequence involves the removal of Adrian Peterson's good reputation

6)Tell us what the antecedent is- The antecedent was Adrian's child misbehaving

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Adrian's child misbehaving
B= Adrian taking a plea deal because of child abuse
C= Trial and embarrassment

It is an example of negative punishment because he loses the respect he has gained from fans and will be less likely to use corporal punishment on his child

Terminology: target behavior, antecedent, consequence, positive reinforcement, negative punishment

URLs: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/10/31/360126776/cash-for-halloween-candy-dentists-buy-back-program-is-booming
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/04/adrian-peterson-child-abuse-plea_n_6102284.html


1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece
I chose an article titled, “How to Wean your Kids off Halloween Candy: Cold, Hard Cash.” The article is about a mother who is trying to control her children’s candy intake on Halloween. (She mentions other holidays, but Halloween is the main focus) The mother discusses how much she loves seeing her kids dress up and have a good time, but she dislikes the amount of sweets that end up in her house. The mother ends up buying the candy away from her children and succeeds! She wants to make sure her children don’t end up eating ridiculous amounts of candy. Her kids are very stubborn and try to negotiate with her.

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept.
The target behavior would be the mother buying the candy from her children. ($30) Which is a pretty good deal if you ask me!

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The mother gains control in the situation. She controls how much candy they can consume daily.

4) Tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The amount of candy consumed by her children will dramatically decrease. Since the mother has control, they do not have access to the candy.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of the money for her kids. Since the mom pays the kids, she gets access to all of their candy.

6) Tell us to the antecedent is
It is the candy

A=Halloween candy
B=mother pays children to give them their candy
C=boys no longer have access to eat the candy whenever they please

This would definitely be an example of positive punishment. The mother doesn’t want her children consuming so much candy. She pays them so she can control how much they consume. Since she gives them money, it decreases their behavior of eating the candy as frequently.

-SECOND ARTICLE-
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece
The article I chose is about Oscar Pistorius, who is a South African athlete who shot and killed his girlfriend last year. The athlete’s punishment will include three years of house arrest.

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The behavior would be Oscar killing his girlfriend.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior would be three years of house arrest.

4) Tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
By spending three years under house arrest will really limit his freedom. He will have a lot of time to think about the act he has done. It will decrease the frequency of him ever killing anyone again.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the removal of freedom. By being under house arrest he will not be allowed to go anywhere.

6) Tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be Oscar fighting with his girlfriend

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Oscar fights with girlfriend
B=He kills his girlfriend
C=sentenced to three years of house arrest

This would definitely be an example of negative punishment. Oscar’s freedom is stripped away from him for three years. After exhibiting the undesirable behavior of killing his girlfriend, a desirable stimulus is removed(his freedom)


http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/04/361215614/how-to-wean-your-kids-off-halloween-candy-cold-hard-cash
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/10/13/355832292/pistorius-should-serve-3-years-house-arrest-prison-official-says

Terms:
Behavior, positive punishment, reinforcement, elicit, antecedent, consequence, frequency, target behavior, negative punishment, removal, addition, emit, ABC’s, stimulus, desirable.

New article 1
1. This article is written by Gisele Grayson about her two young sons and the dreaded sugar craze that most parent dread after Halloween. Gisele has set up a new system with her boys were she trades candy for money. The boys separate their candy and precede to negotiate the prices per bag or for the total amount of money. This is all an attempt to get all that candy and sugar out of Gisele’s house. Though they are cleaning her out of money, this plan seems to have worked in getting rid of the influx of candy each year.
2. The target behavior is emitting a trading behavior of all of their candy for a certain amount of money.
3. The consequence of the behavior is that the boys have extra money to spend exactly as they choose.
4. This consequence will alter the frequency of this behavior because the boys value the freedom to spend their money on other things they may want.
5. The consequence involves the addition of something
6. The antecedent is collecting large amount of candy on Halloween night.
A= Getting a large amount of candy on Halloween
B= Trading all of the candy for a certain amount of money
C= Have money to spend on what they want
7. This is an example of positive reinforcement because the consequence of getting money involves the addition of something not the removal of something.
8. This reinforcement does not use extinction, however, extinction could come into play as either one of the stimulus’ could become less important to the subject decreasing the likelihood that behaviors will be repeated.

News article 2
1. This news article reports on the sentencing of 8 Egyptian men to three years in prison because of and online video that gained media coverage in August showing the men celebrating what looked to be a same-sex wedding.
2. The target behavior is recording a same-sex marriage in Egypt
3. The consequence of this behavior was imprisonment for debauchery.
4. This consequence will decrease the likelihood of this happening in the near future, either with the same men or with other same-sex couples.
5. The consequence involves the addition of something, which is the addition of a prison sentence.
6. The antecedent is having what looks like a same-sex marriage.
A= Having a same-sex marriage
B= Recording a same-sex marriage in Egypt
C= Sentenced to imprisonment for debauchery
7. This is an example of positive punishment because the consequence involves the addition of something.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/04/361215614/how-to-wean-your-kids-off-halloween-candy-cold-hard-cash

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/01/360645408/three-years-in-prison-for-egyptian-men-in-purported-gay-marriage-video

8. Target behavior, emitting, consequence, frequency, antecedent, positive reinforcement, reinforcement, extinction, stimulus, addition, removal

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
The article I choose was titled, “Contemplating Brittany Maynard’s Final Choice”. It talked about the 29 year old Brittany Maynard’s decision to end her life with assisted suicide after being diagnosed with incurable brain cancer. On November 2, Brittany took the pills and died peacefully with her family and husband around.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
The target behavior in this article would be assisted suicide and taking the lethal prescription.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior would be dying after taking the prescription.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior.
Since this is a very controversial subject it can go both ways. If a person was in Brittany’s situation and was terminally ill they do have the choice of assisted suicide to take them out of the prolonged pain so therefore it’s less suffering and they can die peacefully and with their dignity which in some people’s eyes that would be a good thing so in that case increase the frequency of the behavior. But if a person is against suicide along with the distress it would cause on the loved ones the frequency will decrease.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
The consequence involves the removal of something since taking the pill would then cause the individual to pass away.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Brittany choosing assisted suicide.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Brittany choosing assisted suicide.
B= Taking the lethal prescription.
C= Suddenly passing away.
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of extinction because it is removing the whole behavior.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
Like I stated earlier this is an example of extinction because after taking the pill you are completing removing the behavior forever.
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
In the article titled, “Is private school worth the cost?” it talks about some of the sacrifices some take to send their children to private schools. Private education is very pricey in the US. It also talked about other options instead of sending your child to a private school while still gaining the opportunities that a private school has to offer.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior for this article would be sending your children to private school that values high education and all that private schools provide.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is.
The consequence of this behavior is the costly price a private school comes with. Some people think they can afford it but later realize they can’t so they have to switch schools and their children have to go through the challenges of starting all over.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior.
The frequency of the behavior will decrease because parents will worry about not having enough money for other expenses and being able to afford all the years of schooling. Along with not wanting to risk having to take their kid out and put them in a different school.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something because they will have to switch schools or do something different if they cannot afford the private school.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Sending your children to a private school.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Sending your children to private schools.
B= Higher education for the children.
C= cost more money.
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because although it cost more money you are getting more in return, thus a better education and all that the private school has to offer verses a public school.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Positive punishment, ABC’s, Antecedent, consequence, extinction, negative reinforcement, target behavior, addition.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/11/03/361121080/assisted-suicide
http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20141031-how-to-pay-for-private-school

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,

I found an article that talks about how China has just recently invented a very strong laser that can actually take down drones from a low altitude. The laser is so strong that it starts the drone on fire causing it to burn up and fall to the ground.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studied so far,

The target behavior is lazering down drones.


3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence is the drones burn up and fall to the ground.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,

The more people hear about this new invention the more careful they will be when trying to attack China because knowing that their drones can be burnt by a lazer will decrease the behavior of flying their drones.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally

It involves the addition of something.

6) tell us what the antecedent is.

The antecedent is the new invention of this strong lazer in China.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= invention of lazer
B= lazering down the drones
C= drones burn up

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.

This is an example of negative reinforcement because China is reinforcing the frequency of drones around the area to decrease.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.

It does not involve extinction or establishing operations. The only thing I think think of for this is negative reinforcement.

Different News Source:

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,

In my next article, it shows a graphic photo of what happened to a surfer when he accidentally stepped on a sharks head. The shark bit him.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,

The surfer got bit by a shark.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The surfer had to go to the hospital.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,

The surfer will now be more careful when surfing and it this will decrease the frequency of him stepping on a sharks head again.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally

This consequence involves the removal of something.

6) tell us what the antecedent is.

the antecedent is stepping on the sharks head

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= stepping on shark
B= getting bit by shark
C= going to the hospital

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.

This is an example of a positive punishment because this behavior is less likely to happen in the future since there was a negative consequence.

Websites:

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/04/361362382/china-says-its-developed-a-laser-to-bring-down-drones

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/03/surfer-steps-on-sharks-head_n_6095854.html?ir=Green

Terms: target behavior, consequence, antecedent, frequency, negative reinforcement, extinction, establishing operations, positive punishment, negative consequence, behavior

Article 1:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece- This article is about 4 soldiers, participating in Operation Proper Exit who are going back to the war zone to find some closure and visit with soldiers who are still there.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far- The target behavior is going back to the war zone.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is- The consequence of this behavior is being able to get some closure.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior- By being able to get closure in their own situations they could help others find closure with theirs.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something- I think the consequence involves the addition of something.
6) tell us to the antecedent is. The antecedent would be leaving the war zone not on their own terms.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Leaving the war
B=Going back to the war
C= Getting closure

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why. This would be positive reinforcement because they are gaining closure to their situations.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can. I don’t think this article involves extinction or establishing operations.


Article 2:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece- Kansas has recently ruled the ban on gay marriage unconstitutional.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept- Banning gay marriage.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is- The LGBTQ community can now be married.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior- Now that it is legal anyone who wants to get married is able to.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something- I think it involves the addition of the right for all to get married.
6) tell us to the antecedent is- Gay marriage.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Gay marriage.
B=Ban on gay marriage lifted.
C= LGBTQ community members can get married.
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why. This is positive because it is allowing equality for everyone.

Terms: behavior, target behavior, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement.
Links:
http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/11/04/361155634/wounded-in-combat-u-s-troops-go-back-for-a-proper-exit

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/04/kansas-gay-marriage_n_6102512.html

1) In this article, it is written that Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple has recently told the public that he is gay. He said that he was proud to be gay. Some people called him a role model, and even an activist for gay rights.
2) The target behavior in this news item is the behavior of being open about sexual orientation, that was emitted by Tim Cook. This is the target behavior involved that is reinforced.
3) The consequence of the target behavior of being open about sexuality was the fact that people praised Cook for being a role model and someone that can encourage others to be open about their sexual orientation.
4) The consequence, which was Cook being recognized and admired for announcing his sexual orientation can increase the likelihood of Cook being open about his sexuality in the future. That is why it is reinforcing.
5) This consequence involves the addition of something desirable, which is the praise or admiration that people gave to Cook. They said he was an encouraging role model, and it is desirable to be looked up to and admired by others.
6) The antecedent of this target behavior of Cook being open about sexual orientation is the fact that Tim Cook had the opportunity to be open and public about his sexuality. This opportunity that he had was the context and antecedent in which he became open about his sexuality.
A= Having the opportunity to be open about his sexual orientation.
B= Being open about his sexual orientation.
C= Being viewed as an admirable role model
This story shows positive reinforcement, because it involves the addition of something desirable (the fact that people view him as an admirable role model), and this addition increases the likelihood that Cook will be open about his sexual orientation in the future when he has the opportunity. This is what reinforces his behavior (being open about sexual orientation).
Extinction has not occurred, but it could possibly occur in the future if people give Cook negative feedback or are very disrespectful to him because he is gay. This could cause extinction because it could cause Cook to stop being open about his sexual orientation because it is no longer reinforced with any admiration or praise. The disrespect would be an aversive consequence to him and he would longer experience the praise that he did in this news story.
1) This article is about a couple of high schoolers that took a photo before their homecoming dance while holding two airsoft guns that fire plastic pellets. They posted the photo on social media and they were suspended from school because of the photo.
2) The target behavior in this article that helps illustrate punishment is the behavior of posting the photo that contains them holding two guns.
3) The consequence of the behavior was the fact that the two students were suspended from school. This is an unpleasant consequence, because being suspended from school is obviously aversive and unenjoyable.
4) The consequence - being suspended from school - will decrease the likelihood of the students posting a photo of them holding weapons in the future.
5) The consequence involves the addition of something unpleasant. Suspension is what is added and it is aversive because the students will have to miss many days of school and have the suspension on their school record, and a suspension is not good to have on a record.
6) The antecedent of their behavior of posting a photo of themselves holding weapons on social media is the fact that they were getting ready to go to a school event, which was the homecoming dance. This is likely why school officials found the photo to be insensitive, and even threatening.
A= The couple was getting ready to attend a school event.
B= The couple posted a photo to social media of them holding weapons.
C= The school suspended them from school.
This is an example of positive punishment. This is the case because it involves the addition of something aversive (their suspension from school), and this will decrease the likelihood that the behavior of posting this type of photo will occur again in the future. When a behavior is punished, the frequency of the behavior decreases, and that is the case in this news story, as I have already mentioned.
URL’s: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-29829763
Terminology: antecedent, behavior, consequence, extinction, target behavior, ABC’s, punishment, reinforcement, positive punishment, positive reinforcement, aversive, desirable consequence, emit, frequency.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1) Adrian Peterson, an All Pro running back in the NFL, has pleaded no contest to the charges relating to the abuse of his son. The deal eliminates any jail or prison time, but there is a fine and some community service.
2) The target behavior here was Adrian taking the plea deal instead of taking his chances in court. This is an example of reinforcement as he now will have any time in confinement taking off his sentencing.
3) The consequence is that Adrian will not have to deal with any prison time, and he may be able to get back to playing football sooner than expected.
4) With there being a series of arrests on NFL players as of late (Greg Hardy, Ray Rice, and Ray McDonald) this may elicit them to take a similar route and just plea no contest to save time and money... and maybe their playing careers.
5) This consequence is involves the removal of something, and that being the possible prison time with a guilty verdict.
6) The antecedent to this news story would have been Adrian being arrested on charges of child abuse.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=arrested
B=takes plea deal
C=avoids prison time

This would be an example of negative reinforcement since this will increase the chances of him or others taking a plea deal as to avoid confinement.

PUNISHMENT

1) Ten officials in North Korea were executed for watching South Korean soap operas. It is thought that ruler of North Korea Kim Jong Un is simply eliminating any competition he may have for the power of the country.
2) The target behavior here is the execution of these ten people.
3) the consequence here is that these people will no longer watch the soap operas.
4) This will alter the frequency to the point of extinction since the people will be dead.
5) This punishment involves the removal of life from these people in order to stop them from continuing this behavior.
6) The antecedent to the executions would be the officials getting caught (or setup) watching soap operas.

A=getting caught watching soap operas
B=executing officals
C=no longer watching soap operas

This is an example of negative reinforcement since the removal of the people's lives took place in order to alter the behavior pattern.

terms: Target behavior, reinforcing, elicit, antecedent, negative reinforcement, extinction, negative reinforcement

REINFORCEMENT

1) Voters in Oregon and Washington, D.C. voted in favor of legalizing marijuana, and voters in Florida failed to reach the required amount to get medical use of marijuana approved.

2) The target behavior is voting for something you want to happen, in this case the legal use of marijuana.

3) The consequence is winning the vote for what you wanted to happen, in this case legalizing recreational and medical use of marijuana.

4) This consequence will increase the behavior of voting by producing favorable results from voting.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something, specifically the addition of favorable results.

6) The antecedent is holding a voting session on bills.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= holding a voting session
B= voting for something you want to happen
C= getting favorable results

This is an example of positive reinforcement because it increases the frequency of voting by the addition of getting favorable results as the consequence.

PUNISHMENT

1) A man found out that a tenant in his home raped his 13 year old daughter, and got her pregnant. He tortured the tenant until death by burning the man’s genitals with a heated spatula. This father then went and turned himself in to the local police for accidentally killing the man with torture.

2) The target behavior is torturing someone with a heated metal spatula.

3) The consequence is injuring the man until death.

4) This consequence will decrease the behavior of torturing someone with a heated metal spatula because the consequence of killing the man is aversive and unfavorable.

5) The consequence involves the removal of someone’s life.

6) The antecedent is the rape of the father’s daughter

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= the rape of the father’s daughter
B= torturing someone with a heated metal spatula.
C= injuring the man until death.

This is an example of negative punishment because is decreased the likelihood of the father torturing someone with a heated metal spatula because the consequence took away the life of another person by injuring them to the point of death. This was aversive for everyone involved. The rape of the father’s daughter elicited an emotional response from the father so strong that he decided to emit the behavior of torturing his tenant with a heated metal spatula.

URLs:

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/04/361533318/marijuana-on-the-ballot-d-c-voters-ok-legalization

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29901304

Terms and terminology: behavior, emitted, elicited, consequence, antecedent, target behavior, negative punishment and positive reinforcement, aversive, favorable.

Reinforcement
1.Taylor Swift recently released her newest album in the last week. Her new CD has reached platinum in only one weeks’ time. This article discusses Taylor Swift’s recent success and how she achieves this success.

2.The target behavior that is emitted in this article is Taylor Swift releasing new albums.

3.The consequence that is elicited in this article is Taylor Swifts newest CD going platinum and making her tons of money.

4.The consequence of having a CD go platinum and making lots of money will increase Taylor Swift’s behavior of making CDs.

5.The consequence involves the addition of something pleasurable, the reward of having a CD go platinum and making money.

6.The antecedent is the public’s desire for more music from Taylor Swift

7.A = Public’s desire for more music from Taylor Swift
B = Taylor Swift releasing a new album
C = The CD going platinum and making more money

8.This is an example of positive reinforcement because something desirable, a CD going platinum, is being added to a situation to increase the behavior, creating and releasing future CDs.

Punishment
9.A dating website diverged private details, specifically in relation to STDS and HIV of their users to other dating websites despite having a confidentiality agreement. The website had misleading agreements which lead its users to have mislead ideas about the website. The dating website is being sued for 16.5 million dollars.

10.The target behavior that is emitted in their article is the dating website giving private information of their clients, specifically STD and HIV status, to other dating websites.

11.The consequence of this elicited target behavior was the dating website being sued for $16.5 million.

12.The consequence of losing money will decrease the dating website from diverging private information in the future.

13.The consequence involves the addition of an aversive stimuli, losing money.

14.The antecedent is people joining the website and putting their information online

15.A = People joining the website and putting their information online
B = The dating website giving private information of their clients, specifically STD and HIV status, to other dating websites
C = The dating website being sued for $16.5 million

16.This is an example of positive punishment because something aversive is being added, the company being sued, which will decrease the behavior of the dating website giving away private information to other websites.

URLs:
Reinforcement: http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2014/11/05/361577726/taylor-swift-platinum-party-of-one

Punishment: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-29912279

TERMS: target behavior, emitted, consequence, elicited, reward, antecedent, positive reinforcement, addition, aversive, stimuli, positive punishment

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.

I picked an article from NPR.org and it is about an international School in New York that teaches lessons for unaccompanied minors from different countries. This a huge savior for immigration issues when a lot of them are coming into the US as older teenagers. The school targets new learning for these students that are coming from all over the world. They teach new students on culture and language. They get groups of children together who don’t speak the same langue get them to speak in English. They are given this challenge to speak in their native language as well. By the way it sounds the educators are encouraging students to share stories to get them to talk in the English language rather than in their native language.
I feel as if there is no negative consequence for these students but only positive ones, because they get to share their experience with other students who are just like them so they do not feel alone and they also get to learn and speak English. I also feel as if the educators are also their consequence and their reinforcement because when the educator praises the students for using the newly learned English language they will be proud and continue to use the new language they have learned through this program/school. The consequence adds something I believe; it adds knowledge to the student’s life.


Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Coming to America with no knowledge of English
B=Learning English at this new School for minors who have come to the US as immigrants
C=New Language learned and Educators reinforce them greatly
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.

I believe that this would be an example of positive reinforcement because the educators are praising them with great amounts of pride and joy for learning these new languages and experiences that I don’t think that the students would stop learning and stop using the new English Language. I think they would build on this and continue to use the language they learned through this new program.


Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
I believe that with listening to this NPR story it could involve some type of establishing operations because the reinforcement is changed to be more reinforcing in some cases. Even though in the article that I found on NPR does not necessarily state the reinforcer, I could guess by how the article sounded that the teachers and educators were reinforcing the students with grace and pride.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.

I found an article on huffingtonpost.com that talk about Alex Rodriguez’s steroid use in the MLB. He admitted to using the drug and getting it from a “fake” doctor that would inject him in his stomach and also draw blood from him. He did serve a 162 game suspension during the season. The article then goes on to talk about how the same doctor was giving injections to other major league baseball players in time.

The target behavior that I would use would be the drug injections and the consequences of his behavior would be the game suspension and also a bad name in the MLB. The consequence will alter his frequency of the behavior because it will HOPEFULLY stop him from continuing the drug. With the consequence being him getting suspended and given a bad name he should slow down or at least stop the drug use for games.

The consequence of his behavior also involves the removal of something that he loved dearly, Baseball. He could no longer do that sport because of his actions. The antecedent would be him having troubles with his girth and strength of his arms and muscles. This could also be using the idea of extinction if we looked into it deeper. The consequence could eventually make him stop all together.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=physical problems with muscles and strength
B=taking HGH/drugs
C=bad rep and also suspension from 162 games

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.

This would be a negative punishment because it decreases the likelihood that A.Rod will continue to do the negative behavior. It also involves the removal of something that he loved greatly.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/ed/2014/11/04/360187176/from-nycs-international-schools-lessons-for-teaching-unaccompanied-minors

http://www.miamiherald.com/sports/mlb/article3578762.html

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Negative Punishment, Consequence, Positive reinforcement, behavior, antecedent, extinction, reinforcer, removal, target behavior.

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

This piece is about a vote that was passed in Berkeley, California, where there is now a one cent per ounce tax on sugary drinks.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far

The target behavior is is reducing consumption of sugary drinks.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

The consequence of the behavior is an increase of the price of sugary drinks through a one cent per oz tax.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

The consequence of the increased price of sugary drinks via the one cent per oz tax will alter the frequency of consumption of sugary drinks in that it will reduce the amount of sugary drinks being consumed by people.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something

The consequence involves the addition of something aversive, a price increase of sugary drinks via the tax per oz.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent is people being concerned about obesity via sugary drinks.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=concern about obesity via sugary drinks
B=consumption of sugary drinks
C=increase of price of sugary drinks via taxing one cent per oz

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.

This is positive punishment because it involves the addition of something aversive (one cent per oz tax) and will reduce the frequency of the behavior being emitted which is consuming sugary drinks.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

This article is about a 13 year old boy who invented a braille printer and is now being funded by Intel to bring his printer to market.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept

The target behavior is inventing a braille printer.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

The consequence is Intel is funding the invention.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

The consequence will make it more likely that the 13 year old will invent more or make improvements to his braille printer.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something

The consequence involves the addition of something.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent is the lack of affordable braille printers available to the blind.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=lack of affordable braille printers
B=invent a braille printer
C=Intel funds invention

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.

This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something desirable, money, and will increase the likelihood that the 13 year old boy will continue to invent or make improvements to his printer.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

Punishment: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-29911804
Reinforcement: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-29920654


Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Terms:frequency, positive punishment, emitted, aversive, consequence, antecedent, target behavior, positive reinforcement.

Gloria Gxebeka: Peer to Peer Assistance-Reinforcement
1) Gloria Gxebeka is employed by AgeWell Global.  She and other people go door to door to visit elderly people who are otherwise solitary, and restricted to their homes.  She began doing this because as a senior woman on her own, she had struggled socially and was self-confined to the context of her home spending her days alone.  The program that she now works for assists elderly people to make sure that they are able to care for themselves, and to ensure that they are not plagued with loneliness.  
2) The target behavior is talking into a phone-operated program when Gloria visits her “clients.” This phone mandates a limited number of mandatory questions that must be asked when visiting the elderly.  These questions are then run through a database to determine if the individual is well or if they need a social worker or medical help to assist them.  It is not a program to force people into help, it is a way to maintain care and social help for those who are elderly and living alone. Because clients live alone, service providers are always needed whether they are available or not, so deprivation is always there when a provider is not, both parties are never constantly satiated.  
3) The consequence is that it is determined if a client is in need of outside help, and to maintain awareness of their safety and health.  Another consequence is socialization.  Elderly people who are shut in are often forgotten and left to survive on their own, with this program they are able to be in touch with society, and create connections with people that would otherwise not be present.
4) The consequence will make sure that this kind of care is maintained.  It is important for a society to make sure that its elderly population is healthy, happy, and not forgotten.
5) There is an addition of help and the removal of solitude and confinement.
6) The antecedent is visiting and observing a client’s home and well-being.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Visiting and Observation
B=Phone Operated Questionnaire
C=Determination of help needed/ Socialization
This is an example of positive reinforcement because the client receives needed help and socialization which is the goal of the service provider, and the service provider is rewarded with the satisfaction of helping their clients. I feel that a fixed schedule of reinforcement is in place because every visit is rewarded is some way.
Punishment
1) Marcus Lattimore of the 49ers NFL team retired from football due to injuries sustained during his college football career. His decision was based on his desire to maintain function rather that risk further injury if he were to continue on in the NFL. Because of his injuries is able to receive financial support through insurance.
2) The target behavior is his announced retirement from his football career, this illustrates extinction of his beloved career.
3) The consequence is the end of his career.
4) The ending of his career will mean that he will no longer play football professionally.
5) His professional career is done, he will no longer play football.
6) The antecedent is the college football related injuries to his knees.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Injured knee
B=Retired from football
C=no more football

This is an example of negative punishment because his football career is now extinct at the age of 23 because of knee injuries he sustained while attending college.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/05/361851292/49ers-running-back-retires-from-nfl-without-playing-a-snap
http://www.npr.org/blogs/goatsandsoda/2014/11/04/349211430/grannies-taking-care-of-grannies-is-good-for-everyone
Terms: context, target behavior, deprivation, satiated, antecedent, positive reinforcement, fixed schedule of reinforcement, consequence, extinction, negative punishment

1) My article is about protesters for a raise in the minimum wage. It goes through a lot of the politics behind it and talks about what other cities are doing about raising the minimum wage.
2) The target behavior that I am using is protesting. This illustrates reinforcement. Those who are out protesting for a rise in minimum wage are reinforcing those around them to raise minimum wage and to reinforce their thoughts and beliefs about minimum wage.
3) The consequence of the behavior is an increase in minimum wage.
4) This consequence will alter the frequency of this behavior by increasing protesting in states that have not raised minimum wage and a decrease in states that decided to raise the minimum wage.
5) The consequence involves the addition of something. This something includes getting more money for working in the states that have raised the minimum wage and the addition of more protesters in states that have not raised the minimum wage.
6) The antecedent is wherever people are protesting. In one situation the antecedent is outside a Chicago McDonald's.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Chicago McDonald's.
B= Protesting for a raise of minimum wage.
C=Rise in minimum wage.
According to the people who have minimum wage jobs, this is an example of positive reinforcement. This is because the workers end up getting paid more at the end.
The protesters emit protesting about raising the minimum wage. This elicited the government into raising the amount. Having protesters all over the place is aversive to the people of the law. This reinforced them to raise the minimum wage, as well as the reinforcement of other states around them raising the wage. The raising of the minimum wage has brought the protesting in its own state to extinction for the time being. All across the U.S. an extinction burst has been created. The protesting is getting worse due to the states that are getting an increase in their minimum wage. This burst won’t subside until all or most of the states get their raise of minimum wage.
1) My second article is about two Libyan recruits who sexually assaulted women. They were not escorted on their trips off base, and ended up doing this.
2) The target behavior I am using is rape. This illustrates the concept of punishment.
3) The consequence of this behavior is being sent home early.
4) This consequence will alter the frequency of other Libyan recruits raping women by the fact that they will be sent back home and will not be able to do their job. It is like getting fired.
5) This consequence involves the removal of something. This something includes a job.
6) The antecedent is Cambridge's Market Square area.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= The antecedent is Cambridge's Market Square area.
B= The behavior is rape.
C= The consequence is being sent home.
This is an example of negative punishment because the two Libyan recruits are getting their job taken away for their actions. Because their jobs are being taken away this is negative, and because this is to decrease the chances of other Libyan recruits raping any women this is punishment.
Terms: emit, aversive, consequence, positive reinforcement, behavior, antecedent, ABC's, target behavior, reinforcement, elicited, extinction, extinction burst, punishment, negative, and negative punishment.
http://www.npr.org/2014/11/05/360463798/thumbs-up-for-higher-minimum-wages-and-for-marijuana-industry
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-29882117

1. This article is about a state judge reversing the ban on gay marriage in Missouri saying that is unconstitutional. Then this article talks about a lesbian couple the rushed to city hall to get an official marriage license.
2 The behavior that I am using to illustrate a behavioral modification concept is the legalization of same sex couples getting married. The target behavior of legalization of gay marriage is a big issue in this country and this verdict will reinforce more couples to get married.
3. The consequence of the legalization of gay marriage will be that it elicits more couples to go out and get married and that more states will also emit this behavior and rule in favor of the rights of the gay community.
4. The consequences will increase the frequency of the legalization gay marriages in the united states because state law makers will see the amount of people that support it. They will also see the amount of other states that are in favor of it.
5.The consequence involves removing something negative, that something is the ban on gay people's right to marry.
6. The antecedent to this behavior is that some states make it illegal for the gay community to wed who they love.
A- Gay marriage being illegal
B- Legalizing Gay marriage
C- More states will follow suit and legalize gay marriage.

This is an example of negative reinforcement because they are taking away the adversive thing of gay marriage not being legal. What helped this along and continues to do so is supporters that are very vocal for the gay community to receive its rights, these people could be seen as establishing operations. In this article the attorney fighting this lift on the ban is trying everything he can to get it over turned and this could be seen as an extinction burst.

1. My article is about a record setting harvest that farmers are set to bring in this year and how this is actually bad for them. Because they brought is such a big harvest they actually drove prices down because there is more supply so there is less competition then there has been in recent years.
2. The target behavior that I am going to use for this one is growing a great crop this year.
3. The consequences of this behavior are that crop prices are really low this year due to there being an over abundance of crop.
4. The consequences of this may decrease the frequency that farmer will grow as big of crops due to them losing money on seed, fertilizer, or other cost related to the process.
5.The consequence involves the removal of money which is a very pleasing thing, so this makes it a punishment.
6.The antecedent to farmers growing a big crop is the fact that the world needs food and that this is their job.
A- The world needs food and this is their job
B- Growing and harvesting a large crop
C- Prices for those crops are down because there is so much for sale.

This is definitely an example of negative punishment because of the removal of something pleasurable (money). The high prices of the previous years could of served as a stimuli to make the farmers grow more thinking they would get those high prices for this crop.

Websites-
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/05/missouri-gay-marriage_n_6110348.html

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/04/361411440/why-farmers-arent-cheering-this-years-monster-harvest

Terms used- Behavior, Behavioral modification, target behavior, reinforced, consequences, elicits, emit, antecedent, negative reinforcement, aversive, establishing operations, extinction burst, punishment, pleasurable, negative punishment, stimuli

Article One

1) This article is about the reluctance to use “white hat” hackers to spot security flaws. These “white hats” are hackers that are being reinforced for their computer breaching in a manner that is appropriate. Internet hacking is something that happens all the time. Some experts believe that the way to defeat the bad hackers is to partner with the good ones and pay them for finding holes and bugs in software. However, many companies are still uneasy about utilizing these Internet “do-gooders.”
2) The target behavior that is being reinforced for these “white hats” is computer hacking to find holes and bugs in software for companies.
3) The consequence for this behavior is getting paid.
4) This consequence is going to increase the target behavior
5) This involves the addition of something positive (money)
6) The antecedent for this behavior is the desire to hack company programs.
A= wanting to hack company programs
B= hacking programs to find bugs or holes in the software
C= getting paid
This is an example of positive reinforcement because the consequence is causing the behavior to increase. It is doing so in a manner of adding something desirable. I believe this is also an example differential reinforcement. Instead of punishing a behavior that is undesirable (hacking), they are reinforcing it when it is under socially acceptable conditions. BF Skinner always believed that reinforcement should be used whenever possible, so I think that was a very good technique to use.

Article Two

1) This article was about a mother who posted a picture of her premature baby breastfeeding on Facebook. This baby was supposed to die in a matter of days and that moment was supposed to represent a chance that the mother did not think she would get. When this picture was posted, an anonymous user complained about nudity and Facebook deleted the picture. After this happened, the mother was determined to make her picture go viral. The attention this photo got caused a complete policy change within Facebook. It is now acceptable to post breastfeeding photos onto Facebook, even if the other breast is completely nude.
2) The target behavior I am going to discuss is Facebook deleting the photo.
3) The consequence of the photos deletion was the photo going viral and giving Facebook a bad reputation.
4) The consequence of this behavior is going to decrease the likelihood that Facebook will ever delete a breastfeeding photo again.
5) The involves the removal of something good (Facebook’s reputation)
6) The antecedent of this behavior was a woman putting a picture of herself breastfeeding her premature baby on Facebook.
A= a woman putting a picture of herself breastfeeding her baby on Facebook
B= Facebook deletes picture
C= Picture goes viral, ruining Facebook’s reputation
This is an example of negative punishment because it is much less likely that Facebook will delete a breast-feeding photo again. The photos popularity made Facebook lose their reputation, which was aversive.


Terms: reinforced, target behavior, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, differential reinforcement, punishing, reinforcing, BF Skinner, negative punishment, aversive

http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/11/05/361812463/banks-reluctant-to-use-white-hat-hackers-to-spot-security-flaws

http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-29831637

1) This article is about California’s decision to put a tax on sugar sweetened drinks like pop, high fructose corn syrup juices, etc. The tax is a penny per ounce tax and is estimated to raise around 1 million dollars. The goal is similar to the goal of taxing cigarettes like crazy- to get people to stop buying it because it’s too expensive.
2) The target behavior is to decrease the likelihood that an individual will buy pop or other sugar intense drinks.
3) The consequence of buying a highly taxed beverage is that it’s expensive and might hurt your bank account if you drink pop all the time.
4) It’s expensive and might hurt your bank account. Nobody wants to spend too much money on something so small.
5) This consequence involves the addition of something aversive.
6) The antecedent is being thirsty.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Thirsty for a drink.
B= Buy a pop.
C= Feel bad about amount of money spent on pop.
This is an example of positive punishment because it’s using the addition of something aversive- a heavy tax- to decrease the likelihood that you buy pop again. The goal is for this to cause someone to extinct the behavior of buying pop or really sugary drinks.
1) This article discusses the overturn of the gay marriage ban in Missouri. This was done by a state judge today and since then, Missouri has been handing out licenses for same sex couples.
2) The target behavior is the increased likelihood that gays will apply for marriage licenses in Missouri.
3) The consequence is that gays get to be betrothed and the weddings will be hella fabulous.
4) They are now legally allowed to do so in their state, so a lot of people are obviously going to do it. Plus, fabulous gay weddings are fabulous… so, everybody wins there.
5) This involves the addition of freedom and rights.
6) The antecedent is the overturn of gay marriage bans.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Overturn of gay marriage ban
B= Gays are allowed to get married
C= Gays have the freedom and feel like citizens
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something positive that increases the likelihood of it happening again. So, gays are allowed to get married and that’s great for them because they’re going to feel like they have some rights and this increases the likelihood that it’s going to happen again with other gay couples.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/05/missouri-gay-marriage_n_6110348.html
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/11/05/361730578/berkeley-decides-to-try-taxing-away-its-soda-habit
Terms: Reinforcement, positive reinforcement, punishment, positive punishment, aversive, ABC’s of behavior modification, extinction, antecedent, behavior, consequence, and target behavior.

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece – A dog was found emaciated inside a trash bag when the local trash was being picked up. The Humane Society was called and they came and picked the dog up and it is on the road to recovery.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far – The target behavior is notifying (calling) the Humane Society. This is the behavior that will be reinforced.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is – The consequence of the behavior is that the dog was picked up, taken into care, made a recovery, and now has a new home.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior – The consequence will increase the likelihood of someone notifying the Humane Society because of the success they see with the situation this dog was in. They could hear about this news article and be more likely to notify the Humane Society if they found themselves encountering a situation like this.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something – The consequence involves the addition of something. It involves the addition of food, shelter, and care for the dog.

6) tell us to the antecedent is. – The antecedent is the garbage being picked up.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Picking up trash
B= Notifying the Humane Society
C= Dog made recovery

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why. – This is an example of positive reinforcement because (for reinforcement) if someone heard about this news item, they would be more likely to notify the Humane Society if they found themselves encountering a situation like this. (For the positive part) this involves the addition of pleasurable stimuli: food, shelter, and care for the dog.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far. _______Punishment

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece. - A teenager by the name of Kahreem Tribble was beaten by a few officers during his arrest in Brooklyn.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept - The target behavior is assault. This is the behavior that will be punished.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is - The consequence of beating Tribble was a second-degree assault, third-degree assault, felony, and a misdemeanor weapons offense.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior - These consequences cost a lot money and could potentially lead to termination of the job as a NYPD police officer so therefore the behavior of assaulting will be decreased and be less likely to happen in the future.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something - The consequence involves the addition of something aversive: charges that will cost a lot of money and will go on a record.

6) tell us to the antecedent is. - A brief police chase down a street in Brooklyn, and then the arrest along the sidewalk.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior:
A= Arresting on sidewalk in Brooklyn
B= Assault
C= Charges pressed

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why. - This is an example negative punishment because the target behavior (assault) will be less likely to occur in the future by the NYPD officers because of the addition of something aversive (negative) - charges that will go on a record and cost a lot of money.

1st section: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/05/dog-found-in-trash-rescued_n_6101442.html

2nd section: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/05/kahreem-tribble-beating-charges-arrest_n_6111140.html

Terminology used: Punishment, aversive, target behavior, antecedent, behavior, consequence, negative punishment, positive reinforcement, reinforcement, pleasurable, stimuli.

1)I chose a news article on a controversial topic of physical assisted suicide. A recent case of a young woman suffering from brain cancer choosing to end her life with the help of a physician has been all over the news. While very few states give that option (Oregon, Vermont and Washington), many people are left without knowledge of the option of ending your life on your own if you are suffering with a life taking illness. Brittany Maynard at 29 years old chose this option when deciding her fate of brain cancer and the story has raised awareness of this option across the country.
2)The target behavior from this news piece is the media coverage of Brittany Maynard’s decision. From the various news pieces across the internet, to seeing it on TV, the media has spread awareness on a right very few even understand.
3)The consequence of the behavior is that the public is more aware of the options when suffering from a life ending illness.
4)The more people that pay attention to the news coverage on this topic, the more coverage the story will get. We see this all the time with news, if people don’t feed into the story it doesn’t get much coverage, but if people are interested in it, the media covers it more and more.
5)This would include addition. The more coverage on the story, the more people are reached and awareness is raised.
6)The antecedent to this example is that Brittany Maynard was diagnosed with brain cancer and chose to participate in the die with dignity act.

A: Young woman participating in the Die with Dignity act.
B: Media Coverage
C: Public awareness

This is an example of positive reinforcement because with the addition of news coverage, the public became more aware.

I would say establishing operations was used in this example by how the media emits more coverage when the public elicits a positive response to previous coverage.

1.Many people celebrate Halloween, and kids love getting as much candy as they can on that one night. While kids enjoy having a huge supply of candy, it often is exhausting on the parents to monitor the sugar intake of kids who went from excited to get it, to upset they can’t eat it all at once. This article explains what parents are trying to get control over their kid’s sweet tooth. What seems to work best is what works best for adults as well; money. Parents are now paying their kids for their candy, and saving themselves the energy of arguing.
2.The target behavior in this news story is paying kids for their Halloween candy.
3.The consequence of giving their children money for candy is decreasing their kid’s sugar intake by taking their candy.
4.I’m not sure how taking their candy affects the frequency of paying them for their candy in this instance since Halloween only comes once a year.
5.The consequence involves the removal of candy.
6.The antecedent is Halloween/Trick or Treating.

A:Trick or Treating on Halloween
B: Giving kids money
C: Taking their candy
This would be an example of positive punishment, even though their candy is taken away, it is done so with the addition of money.


Article 1: http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/11/03/361121080/assisted-suicide

Article 2: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/04/361215614/how-to-wean-your-kids-off-halloween-candy-cold-hard-cash

Terms: Target Behavior, Consequence, Antecedent, Positive reinforcement, establishing operations, Emits, Elicits, Positive Punishment,

ARTICLE ONE

1. This article announced that in Berkeley, California the first soda tax was passed with a 75 % vote. 30 cities and states across the country have tried to pass the tax but failed. The tax aims to reduce the effects that sugar has on health, specifically on increasing the rate of diabetes and obesity. The tax will be penny-per-ounce on most sugar sweetened beverages. The tax money raised will go to the general fund and a health panel will be created to advise the City Council on the health programs that should receive the money. The tax is expected to raise more than $1 million a year. San Francisco had just recently tried to pass the tax, it failed but the attempt is still seen as a victory because half of voters wanted to approve the tax. Berkeley hopes that passing this soda tax will spark the passing of the tax across the country.

2. The target behavior I am using to illustrate a behavioral concept we have looked at so far is the consumer purchasing soda in Berkeley, California. This target behavior illustrates the behavioral concept of punishment, specifically negative punishment.

3. The consequence of this behavior is the consumer in Berkeley, California who emits the behavior of buying a soda will be taxed a penny-per-ounce on the sugar-sweetened beverage.

4. The consequence of this behavior is punishment; it will decrease the likelihood of the behavior happening again. The consumer purchasing the soda will most likely find paying a higher price for the soda because of the new tax to be aversive; most people do not like paying more money for something. Since the consumer finds the consequence aversive, they will be less likely to emit the behavior again, the purchasing of soda, showing this is an example of punishment.

5. The consequence of this behavior involves the removal of something, specifically the removal of something desirable. Before the consumer emitted the behavior of buying the soda, the consumer had more money, something people find desirable. After emitting the behavior, the consumers had their money taken away to pay for the soda and then additional money taken away to pay for the tax, removing what they find desirable.

6. The antecedent of this behavior is the voters of Berkeley, California passing the soda tax with a majority vote.

A= The voters of Berkeley, California passing the soda tax with a majority vote.
B= Consumer of Berkeley, California buying a soda.
C= Consumer having to pay more for the soda because of the new soda tax.

This is an example of negative punishment. It is negative because it involves the removal of something desirable. The consumer finds money desirable, but after emitting the behavior of buying a soda they have more of their money taken away because of the new tax. It is punishment because the consumer is less likely to emit the behavior again. The consumer is less likely to emit the behavior again because they find the consequence for the behavior, having to pay more money for a soda because of the new tax, aversive. Establishing operation and reinforcement was not used in this example because reinforcement was not demonstrated.

ARTICLE TWO

1. This article talks about three different aps that track your phone usage throughout the day. The app Moment tracks how many times you are on your phone each day and how many times you unlock it. On this app you can set a limit for your phone usage and then the app notifies you when you have reached our limit. Checky is an app that tells you how many times you unlock you phone a day and tells you the locations where you unlock your phone. Menthal is an app that gives a summary of your phone use and then compares it to others’ scores. The Nielsen data reported that the average U.S. citizen spends more than 30 hours a month on their phones.

2. The target behavior I am using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have looked at so far is the behavior of a consumer checking their phone. This target behavior illustrates the behavioral concept of punishment, specifically positive punishment.

3. The consequence of this behavior is the phone app of Moment telling the consumer how much time they spent on their phone that day and how many times they unlocked it.

4. The consequence of this behavior is punishment; it will decrease the likelihood of the behavior happening again. The consumer who looks at their phone and sees the amount of time they spent giving their phone attention during the day will find the number to be aversive; most people are appalled at the amount of time they spend looking at their phone screen during a day. Since the consumer finds the consequence aversive, they will be less likely to emit the behavior again, checking their phone, illustrating this is an example of punishment.

5. The consequence of this behavior involves the addition of something, specifically the addition of something aversive. Before the consumer emitted the behavior of checking their phone, the consumer had no idea the amount of time they spend on their phone in a given day. After emitting the behavior, the consumers were given this information, information they didn’t have before the behavior, and information they found aversive.

6. The antecedent of this behavior is the installation of the app Moment onto the consumer phone.

A= The installation of the app Moment onto the consumer phone
B= The consumer checking their phone.
C= The app moment telling the consumer how much time they spent on their phone that day and how many times they unlocked it.

This is an example of positive punishment. It is positive because something was added after the behavior was emitted. The consumer received the information about how much they use their phone during the day after checking their phone, something they would not have known without emitting the behavior. It is punishment because the consumer is less likely to emit the behavior again. Because the consumer found the information given to them about their phone usage after emitting the behavior of checking their phone aversive, they are then less likely to emit the behavior again.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/11/05/361730578/berkeley-decides-to-try-taxing-away-its-soda-habit
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/05/apps-smartphone-use-_n_6096748.html

Terms: target behavior, behavioral concept, consequence, emit, consequence, punishment, aversive, desirable, negative punishment, positive punishment, establishing operation, extinction, reinforcement

1) This segment is about Taylor Swift beating the first week sales record on her recent album by selling more than one million records on her newest album. Swift won this record by completing the third necessary record to sell more than one million copies.
2) The target behavior I am seeing is her releasing albums.
3) The consequence of Swift releasing albums is that it sells 1 million copies.
4) the consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because it brings her in a lot of publicity and money which is pleasurable for her.
5) The consequence involves the addition of something pleasurable and desirable, fame and cash.
6) The antecedent is being a popular musician

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=being a popular musician
B=making an album
C=selling a million copies

8) This is positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something pleasurable that will increase the frequency of the behavior to be emitted in the future.

The scenario involved an establishing operation, since Swift likely knew that she would break a record if one more album reached 1 million sales in the first week. It is also probably a discriminative stimulus that she had so much success in the past with this behavior that she was more likely to do it again this time. Selling all of the albums was a secondary reinforcement to the primary reinforcer of breaking a record which held the function of fame. She was also operantly conditioned to make albums because of all the successful reinforcement from the past.

1) The clip shows a man who didn't pay attention to what the girl just before him had said on wheel of fortune and gave up his turn by asking for the same letter.
2) The target behavior is rashly offering a response.
3) The consequence of the behavior is losing his turn, among other things that his behavior in turn elicited like the embarrassment from live tv and the laughs of all of the people in the crowd, they are all aversive, though the latter are positive punishments.
4) The consequence will decrease frequency of his behavior by enforcing punishment.
5) The consequence is aversive by taking away a pleasurable variable, which in this case is his turn which could have won him more money or possibly even the entire game.
6) The antecedent is being on the wheel of fortune since he wouldn't be guessing letters or losing a turn when talking to people if he weren't on the wheel of fortune.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=being on wheel of fortune
B=rashly offering a response
C=losing his turn

7)This example is one of negative punishment because it is taking something away that, in this case is pleasurable.

establishing operation, primary reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, function, desirable, positive reinforcement, operant conditioning, unconditioned response, positive reinforcement, target behavior, antecedent, consequence, emitting, behavior, increase frequency, pleasurable, elicit, discriminative stimulus, decrease frequency, aversive positive punishment, negative punishment, elicit


http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/05/taylor-swift-1989-first-week-sales_n_6096420.html
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/05/wheel-of-fortune-mistake_n_6106804.html

1) This article is about the legalization of marijuana in Alaska, making it the fourth state to do so.
2) My target behavior is just the legalization of marijuana.
3) The consequence of the target behavior is fewer prisoners in jail for the possession of pot.
4) If there is a positive reaction to the legalization, then other states will be more likely to legalize marijuana as well.
5) This consequence involves the removal of something: the high number of prisoners in jail for the possession of marijuana
6) The antecedent is voting on the legalization of marijuana.
A: voting on the legalization of marijuana
B: legalization of marijuana
C: fewer prisoners in jail for the possession of pot
This is an example of negative reinforcement, and potentially extinction. If overtime less and less people go to jail for this infraction, then perhaps eventually no one will be in jail for this. And even if it never comes to the point of extinction, then there will certainly be a reduction at least.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/05/alaska-marijuana-legalization_n_5947516.html?ir=Politics

1) This article is about the reduction of the rates of Ebola in African countries affected by the disease, specifically Liberia.
2) The target behavior is reduction of rates of Ebola in Liberia.
3) The consequence of the target behavior is fewer people becoming ill.
4) If fewer people are sick, then the rates of Ebola will continue to decrease over time.
5) The consequence involves the removal of sick people, which makes it negative reinforcement.
6) The antecedent is previously having high rates of Ebola.
A: previously high Ebola rates
B: reduction of Ebola rates in Liberia
C: fewer sick people
This is an example of negative reinforcement because there are fewer sick people in the affected countries in Africa, specifically Liberia. If these rates continue their current trend, then it is likely that the country will experience extinction of the Ebola virus in Liberia.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/05/361857706/ebola-cases-seen-declining-in-liberia-who-says-in-new-update

Terms: target behavior, antecedent, consequence, extinction, negative, reinforcement

Article 1
In the article, “2015 Emoji Update Will Include More Diverse Skin Tones,” the author was talking about how companies that deal with making emojis available are planning on making them more diverse in order to accommodate more races. They explained that there was a need for more variety and then they quoted the consortium when they said that people want something that is going to reflect them as they truly are. There should be the option to chose these different shojis by the end of the year next year at the latest.

The behavior that is taking place is the act of adding more emojis to the selection of people characters. This will give more variety to the people options and will reinforce the individuals asking for more emojis.

The consequence of asking for more emojis is that they received more choices in emoji people to account for more races.

The consequence will alter the behavior and most likely increase its occurrence because now that they have asked for it and received it, they will perhaps be more likely to ask again if they want something more or less out of the emojis.

In this situation, the consequence involves the addition of more emojis to choose from. This would mean that it is adding something to reinforce the behavior.

The antecedent in this article is having the original emoji person for the customers to use in texts or messages. By having this one emoji (the general option) more people decided that they wanted to be able to use an emoji that more closely related to them and their skin tone.

A= the original one color emoji option
B= customers asking for more emoji options
C= the company giving them more options to choose from

This would be positive reinforcement because this is adding something that will reinforce the behavior. By the company giving the people more options, they reinforced their decision to ask for more options.

This does not involve extinction because they are not getting rid of the customers asking for more emojis or not asking for them. They are just reinforcing that the customers have the option to ask for more should they feel they need to.

2015 Emoji Update Will Include More Diverse Skin Tones
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/04/361489535/2015-emoji-update-will-include-more-diverse-skin-tones

Article 2
In the article, “How I quit my job to travel: The social media addict,” the author explains how one decision changed her life for the better. She knew she always wanted to be a travel bug, but she never thought that quitting her job would be the best way to go until she took a two month sabbatical from her corporate job and used it to travel the world. After she was done with her sabbatical, she realized that her 8-5 social media job was not what she really wanted to be doing. After that, she decided to become a freelance writer and blogger with the ability to travel as a career.

The behavior being altered in this article was the original corporate job and life that she lived before making the decision to travel for a living. She eventually made her normal life and job extinct in her own right by reinforcing her traveling tendencies instead. The target behavior is leaving her job for the two month sabbatical.

The consequence of leaving her job and life for two months was that she realized that she did not want a regular job and life, she wanted to travel instead.

This consequence of realizing that she wanted something different will alter her decision to travel instead of have a normal job because she will choose travel over normal more often than not.

This consequence involves the addition of travel and new experiences, and also the losing of the routine and autonomy. However, in her situation and where her mindset is at while doing this, I would say that it more so involves the addition of the new experiences that she is responding to the most.

The antecedent is being bored and unhappy with her 8-5 job that she once had and looking for the opportunity for a change. The real antecedent would be when she would read the bloggers stories about traveling for a living instead of working the normal 8-5.

A= reading blogs about people traveling for a living
B= taking a two month sabbatical from work to travel
C= quitting her job and becoming a travel bug as her main career

This could be considered an example of negative punishment because her traveling was taking away the stability and assurance she might have had while living and working like she always had. I would probably say that it isn't directly negative punishment, but is some circumstances it could be.

“How I quit my job to travel: The social media addict,”
http://www.bbc.com/travel/feature/20140624-how-i-quit-my-job-to-travel-the-social-media-addict/1


Terms: behavior, reinforce, consequence, occurrence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, extinction, altered, extinct, target behavior, negative punishment,


1. The article I read was about Halloween and how parents are approaching trying to get their children to eat less. The article discusses how the parents love watching their kids dress up because they have so much fun with it, but they don’t want the negative side of the extreme sugar overload.
2. The target behavior is what the parents are trying to do to keep their kids from eating so much candy around Halloween.
3. The consequence of the behavior is the kids arguing with their parents because they want to eat as much candy as they want.
4. The consequence alters the frequency of the behavior because the child will sometimes throw a tantrum and the parents will punish the child.
5. The consequence involves the addition of something because the parents reward them with, say watching an extra TV show, when the kid gives up some of their candy.
6. The antecedent is the child having the candy.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= child having candy
B= child wanting to keep/eat their candy
C= child having to give up candy and then being rewarded
This is an example of positive reinforcement because when the child does what the parent wants them to do (give up candy) they are rewarded with something else that they want.

1. The article is about a South African athlete, Oscar Pistorius, who shot and killed his girlfriend last year. Pistorius’ punishment is 3 years of house arrest.
2. The target behavior is Pistorius shooting and killing his girlfriend.
3. The consequence of the behavior is house arrest.
4. Being under house arrest will decrease the chance that he will kill someone again since he will have so much time to think about his actions.
5. The consequence involves the removal of freedom.
6. The antecedent was probably Pistorius and his girlfriend fighting.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Pistorius fights with girlfriend.
B= Pistorius shoots and kills girlfriend.
C= Pistorius is placed under house arrest.
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This would be an example of negative punishment since Pistorius’ freedom is being taken away.


When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/11/04/361215614/how-to-wean-your-kids-off-halloween-candy-cold-hard-cash
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/10/13/355832292/pistorius-should-serve-3-years-house-arrest-prison-official-says

Terms:
Target behavior, positive reinforcement, antecedent, consequence, frequency, negative punishment, addition, removal

APLK
1) The news article that I chose to do my blog was called “A Dark Side of the Focus on Gay Marriage”. This article talks about how unfair it is to prohibit gay couples from getting married and all the things that they cannot share with their partner that a homosexual couple can. It explores the topic of tolerance in our society and gays. It goes on to explain all the negative repercussions of not allowing gay marriage and the lack of acceptance and equality gays have in our society, schools, courtrooms, ect.

2) The targeted behavior I am using for this article is the dangerous patterns of homophobia stemming from tolerance towards gays in our ignorant society.

3) There are many consequences of homophobia. It funds huge amounts of discrimination in our society. The article reads that gay kids are bullied in school and some victims choose to take their own lives to escape the torment from the witlessness of their peers. Homophobia contributes to high rates of violence.

4) How all of the negative consequences of homophobia in our society will alter the frequency of the behavior ultimately depends on each individual person that makes up our society. Making the negative consequences more aware to the public every day could decrease it. Kids could see that we all share the same human identity and the bullying could decrease. People in the work place could end the discrimination if the consequences were frequently brought to their attention. There’s no way to tell exactly how the frequency of the behavior will change because people react to different views in their own way. Some will always be homophobic and that’s just who they are; however, other people can begin to break down their walls of tolerance and accept the concept of homosexuals and push for their right to marry. Society is slowly beginning to heed way towards acceptance and media plays a huge roll.

5) The consequences of homophobic patterns in our society are definitely negative punishment. Not allowing gay marriage is taking away their opportunity to experience the sanctity of marriage. Discrimination takes away their opportunities to feel happy and successful in their work place. Bullying takes away a child’s right to feel happy and accepted.

6) The antecedent is an ignorant society.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Ignorant society
B=Dangerous Patterns of Homophobia
C=Discrimination

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement. As I explained before, homophobia is taking away the opportunity for people to be happy as a legally married couple. They take away the confidence of coworkers when discrimination is displayed in the work place. When a kid is bullied, they’re stripped of their feeling of belonging and the sense of security and happiness.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
In a way, the dangerous patterns of homophobia can ultimately “kill” the aspect of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs for homosexuals. When homosexuals lack acceptance from society, they can lose touch with self-actualization. Bullying can hinder aesthetic and cognitive needs, esteem needs, and belongingness and love needs to a child in school. A kid being bullied, or an adult being harassed in the work place can then lack belongingness and love needs, safety needs, and physiological needs. Homophobia places negative extrinsic value on homosexuals, when they have no right to.

1) An East German boarder officer opened the berlin wall between the East and West to rioters after his boss told him not to. The guard was supposed to send away all north German’s and was told to let in a few trouble makers. However, the boarder officer opened the gate to avoid a riot. He chose to open the wall because of an announcement he heard hours before that changed his mind on the purpose of wall and all that he had been taught about it. The next year both Berlin’s and both Germany’s’ became one. This is an event that helped end the cold.

2) The border officer opening the Berlin wall to both sides.

3) Because the officer decided to open the wall, other border crossings were opened and the next year both Berlin’s and both Germany’s became one. This event helped end the cold war.

4) The consequence of the boarder officer opening the wall decreased the frequency of the rioting responses.

5) The consequence of the behavior involves the addition of something- the union of the Germany’s and Berlin’s.

6) The antecedent is the Berlin Wall.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Berlin Wall
B=Border Guard opens the gates to both sides
C=Both Germany’s and Berlin’s become one, war ends

This is positive punishment because it involved the addition of an aversive stimulus (boarders opening to unite), contingent upon emitting and undesirable behavior (opening the gate against his boss’s wishes), with the goal of decreasing the frequency of a certain response (riots).

http://www.npr.org/blogs/13.7/2014/11/06/362027372/a-dark-side-of-the-focus-on-gay-marriage
http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=361785478&m=362086827

Terms: targeted behavior, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, negative punishment, negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, antecedent, consequence, extrinsic, aversive stimulus, contingent, emitting

Reinforcement
1) In the U.S., the rate of prescription drug overdoses have doubled between the years 2000 and 2010. This is more than likely attributed to the fact that prescription drug (especially prescription painkillers) sales to hospitals and pharmacies has skyrocketed. Many of these medications are opioids, which are similar to illicit drugs like heroin or cocaine and are very addictive. There has also been a rise in the amount of heroin being imported to the U.S., and the DEA believes this may be the reason why. Because these painkillers are not being used in the context in which they were prescribed, there has been a sharp increase in related overdoses.

2) The target behavior is the increased use (abuse) of prescription painkillers and heroin.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior can result in a 'high' as well as addiction (it is also resulting in an increased amount of overdoses, though that is usually not the intended consequence).

4) The consequence of getting 'high' from using prescription painkillers is that the individual will experience euphoria and a rush of "feel good" chemicals inside their brains such as dopamine and serotonin. This 'high' feeling increases the likelihood that another high will be sought after, and the use of these opioid painkillers to get high may be leading to increased heroin usage as well, because it is more accessible than prescription painkillers.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, which would be a feeling of euphoria or a 'high' from taking prescription painkillers, or similarly, heroin.

6) The antecedent is 'the availability of prescription drugs or heroin'

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= The availability of prescription drugs of heroin
B= More individuals have access to opioids
C= Individuals experience an intense high while taken opioid painkillers, and may being using heroin.

8) The consequence of getting high using opioid painkillers or heroin is an example of positive reinforcement because something desirable (a 'high') is being added to the individual's perception of the world when taking these drugs. Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.

9) For my article examining punishment I read “Can Facebook make you sad?” This article marks the 10th anniversary since Facebook’s inception on the internet and although it has revolutionized how we keep in touch, it may have negative impacts on how we view our lives. A correlational study done by the University of Michigan and the University of Leuven in Belgium found a correlation between loneliness and Facebook use. Their findings show, over a two-week period, that as the use of Facebook increases there is a drop in sense of well-being. The team has found that when individuals are online and go to Facebook they are bombarded with the successes and positives of others’ lives, which cause us to self-reflect on our own.

10) The target behavior I believe it would be, would be logging in to Facebook.

11) The consequence of this behavior is that the more you are on Facebook the lower self-worth you will have for yourself.

12) The consequence will decrease the frequency of this behavior if individuals begin to associate a sad feeling with being on Facebook. They will not want to be sad and reduce the amount of time spent on the site.

13) This consequence involves the addition of something undesirable, which in this case is the negative feelings you have about yourself.

14) The antecedent would be when an individual is on the Internet.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Browsing the Internet.
B=Log on to Facebook.
C=Begin to have a lower self-worth.

16) This is an example of positive punishment because the addition of the aversive stimulus.

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26067987
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140206-is-facebook-bad-for-you

17) target behavior, consequence, addition, antecedent, negative punishment, reinforcement, positive reinforcement, positive punishment, reinforcing stimulus, aversive

1) A dog was found by a garbage man in a trash bag inside of a trash can. The Humane Society was later called, and they picked up the dog and began aiding the dog back to a healthy state.

2) The target behavior is called the Humane Society, which is the behavior that will be later reinforced.

3) The consequence of the behavior was that the dog was picked up by the Humane Society. The dog was then examined and aided back to health, so it could have a new home.

4) The consequence of the behavior will increase the likelihood of an individual calling the Humane Society when they see an animal in need of help. They witnessed what the Humane Society did by taking in a very skinny and unhealthy dog and helping that dog become healthy and playful again.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something. The addition included giving the dog food, water, shelter, and the loving care needed for it to become healthy again.

6) The antecedent was that it was garbage day, and the trash would be picked up

A= Garbage day, so trash would be picked up
B= Calling the Humane Society after discovering the sick dog
C= Dog making a full recovery and finding a new home

This is an example of positive reinforcement. If an individual were to come across this story, it could become more likely that they’d notify the Humane Society or something like it if they were to come across an animal in need of help. Also, there was an addition of pleasurable stimuli for the dog. That stimuli would be things like: food, water, shelter, and the loving care it needed to be nursed back to health.

1) The article is about Oscar Pistorius, who is a very popular athlete from South Africa and is best known for becoming the first double leg amputee to participate in the Olympics. However, the article is discussing his trial regarding him shooting and killing his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp, last year. He claimed that she came home, and he thought she was an intruder. He then shot her through the bathroom door, without knowing who it was he was shooting at. His punishment was that he would serve 3 years of house arrest.

2) The target behavior is Pistorius shooting and killing his girlfriend.

3) The consequence of the behavior is Pistorius having to serve 3 years of house arrest.

4) The consequence will significantly decrease the likelihood of Pistorius being able to commit a crime of this magnitude

5) The consequence involves the removal of Pistorius’ freedom and opportunity of a normal life.

6) The antecedent was Pistorius’ girlfriend getting home

A= Pistorius’ girlfriend getting home
B= Pistorius shooting and killing his girlfriend
C= Pistorius is given 3 years of house arrest

This is an example of negative punishment as something was taken away. The thing being taken away from Pistorius is his freedom as he was placed on house arrest for 3 years. This takes away the opportunity for him to live a normal life.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/05/dog-found-in-trash-rescued_n_6101442.html

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/10/13/355832292/pistorius-should-serve-3-years-house-arrest-prison-official-says

Terms: target behavior, antecedent, behavior, consequence, positive reinforcement, stimuli, negative punishment

Reinforcement

1)This article from npr is about providing safe breast milk to countries/areas of the world that may not have enough breast milk for the health of babies. A new technology for pasteurizing milk called FoneAstra, is a much cheaper alternative to commercial devices that pasteurize milk. FoneAstra uses a temperature probe, donated breast milk, and a smart phone with the FoneAstra app downloaded. The FoneAstra app helps gage the temperature, (heating and cooling) of the breast milk so it is safe to give to babies. They are working to get this technology to many parts of the underdeveloped world (esp. Africa).

2)Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far. The target behavior that illustrates reinforcement is to supply/provide the materials (FoneAstra), the smartphone, and donated breast milk to each location in need of safe breast milk.

3)The consequence of this behavior is pasteurized (healthy) breast milk to babies who need the essential nutrients for health from the breast milk.

4)This consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, (providing places with the appropriate equipment) because the consequence is reinforcement meaning it is more likely to occur again in the future. The consequence is also pleasurable, babies are provided safe drinking milk which will supply them with essential nutrients. This is a good thing and we want more babies to be supplied with pasteurized breast milk, making the behavior more likely to occur in the future.

5)The consequence involves the addition of something (something pleasurable). The consequence involves the addition of nutrients to a baby, the addition of healthy(pasteurized) drinking milk.

6)The antecedent is mothers who cannot breast feed. This is the antecedent because if mothers cannot breastfeed, especially in poor countries, the babies will not have essential nutrients or food at all. Water is not safe in certain countries and breast milk is their only source of liquid/nutrients. This creates a need for supplies.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Mothers cannot breastfeed
B=providing essential materials
C=nutrients to babies

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why. This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something desirable and is more likely to occur in the future. Providing essential materials, (donated breast milk, temperature gage, and smartphone with app) is the addition of something and is reinforced or more likely to reoccur because of the consequence of babies being provided with nutrients.

It involves the extinction of using commercial devices for pasteurizing milk. Both intrinsic and extrinsic value is placed on this behavior because it is intrinsically reinforcing to the baby whether the baby knows it or not and it is extrinsically valuable to the mother/family because it is providing health for the child increasing its likelihood to survive.


Desensitization

1)This article by BBC talks about our built in fear for cockroaches or that we are "programmed to fear" them. We naturally have a tendency to be scared or react aversely to the presence or thought of cockroaches and this is not just in recent decades but goes back to the Egyptian times. The fear of cockroaches is very irrational, especially in comparison to mosquitos which we generally do not fear even though they carry the most deadly diseases. The article continues to go into great depth about why we may be so frightened by cockroaches and the many methods to overcome this irrational fear.

2)Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept. The target behavior, which illustrates the concept of desensitization, is defeating the phobia of cockroaches, (look, thought, feeling of them).

3)The consequence of defeating the phobia of cockroaches is being able to live with cockroaches in life (the fact that they may be present) instead of constantly looking to avoid them.

4)The consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior because the more you conquer the thought/sight of cockroaches and are able to live with them, the more likely you are to be defeating the phobia of cockroaches.

5)The consequence involves the removal of something, in this case it is the removal of fear and in this case fear is aversive, so it is the removal of something aversive, fear of cockroaches.

6)The antecedent is the presence of cockroaches.The antecedent is the presence of cockroaches because when a cockroach is present, the person then emits fear (we want the person to emit defeating their fear of cockroaches).

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=presence of cockroach(es)
B=defeating fear of cockroaches
C=living with cockroaches

This is an example of negative reinforcement because we are taking away something aversive to increase the likelihood of a behavior reoccurring in the future. We are taking away something undesirable, in this case the fear of cockroaches to increase the likelihood of a behavior, in this case defeating a fear of cockroaches.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/goatsandsoda/2014/11/10/362330539/a-smartphone-gadget-pumps-up-breast-milk-banks
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140918-the-reality-about-roaches

Terms: target behavior, reinforcement, consequence, frequency of behavior, pleasurable, antecedent, positive reinforcement, desirable, extinction, extrinsic value, intrinsic value, desensitization, aversive, emit, negative reinforcement, undesirable

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.

This article is about how meditation can help reduce stress and make you a happier, healthier person.
The target behavior is meditation and the consequence of mediation is being more relaxed and less stressed. The consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior by making the person emit this behavior more often. Because the person becomes less stressed and more relaxed and found a way they will more likely do it more often. Especially when they become stressed out again. It involves the addition of something because it’s adding meditation to someone’s day. The antecedent in the article is at the lady’s work place in a quiet peaceful room.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Work or someplace quiet and peaceful
B= Meditate for 15 minutes a day
C= being more relaxed and less stressed
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it is adding something as in adding meditation to your day. It’s positive because it helps you and reduces stress along with making you a happier and healthier person.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
Meditation has a positive valence on people. I say this because it is something the lady in the article and other people enjoy. In a way meditation could be used as extinction of the stressful, angry, hurriedly behavior because it calms and releases/helps a person relax and be happier and less stressful. The discriminate stimulus of meditation is a calm and quiet environment and without it, it cannot be done.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
This article is about a guy that is a successful person at his job until a new manager comes around. This guy is gay and the manager is uncomfortable with working with a gay person so he goes through his phone and finds pictures of a male gymnast and then the company laid off the guy.
The target behavior is being gay and liking the same sex. The consequence of this action is being laid off from work. The consequence doesn’t alter the frequency in this behavior situation but if it weren’t how a person feels it would make the behavior decrease. However it could make it so Josh is less open about his sexuality which is also altering the frequency. The consequence involves the removal of Josh’s job. The antecedent is Josh’s work place with a new manager.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Workplace with new manager
B= Being gay
C= Being laid off
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
Negative punishment because the guy lost his job for being gay.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20141107-is-this-the-cure-for-work-stress
http://www.npr.org/2014/11/10/363049315/for-people-fired-for-being-gay-old-court-case-becomes-a-new-tool

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The US is initiating a new way to save money by eliminating a large amount of tariffs on a large amount of trade items. The target behavior is eliminating tariffs. The consequence of that behavior is saving trillions of US dollars. The consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior by causing the US to continue to use it throughout the future. The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable. The antecedent is international trade.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= International trade
B= Eliminating a large amount of tariffs on many products
C= Saving trillions of US dollars.

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.

This is an example of Negative Reinforcement. Because, it is removing something undesirable (Tariffs) to accomplish something desirable (Saving trillions of US dollars).

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
It involves extinction. Over time, the behavior is much less likely to be emitted because the consequence is consistently negative.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studied so far.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.

This article is about how women are having to undergo sterilization surgeries in order to control their areas population. 8 of these women died from it, and 20 are critically ill.
Target behavior= Getting a sterilization surgery
Consequence= Death or illness
This consequence will effect the frequency of the behavior by having less women willing to undergo and participate in these sterilization surgeries.
The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable (aversive and some times fatal side effects).
The antecedent is overpopulation.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Overpopulation
B= Undergoing sterilization surgeries
C= Illness/Death

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.

Negative Punishment, these women died or became seriously ill after getting sterilized to control the population in their country.

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/11/11/363245483/u-s-and-china-move-toward-ending-tariffs-on-high-tech-gear
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/11/india-sterilization-deaths_n_6137796.html?ir=WorldPost

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post. Antecedent, Target behavior, Behavior, Consequence, Emit, Aversive, Negative punishment, Negative reinforcement, Extinction.

1) The piece I read is about Sony Pictures and a recent threat they received from hackers about the movie the Interview. The Interview is comedy that is to be release on Christmas Day that centers on the assassination of North Korea’s current leader.
2) The target behavior is that Guardians of Peace do not want Sony Pictures to release the movie The Interview.
3) The consequence of releasing the movie is that it has already caused controversy and North Korea sees the film’s release as an act of war. A consequence of not releasing the movie for Sony is that they will have lost money on producing a movie they will never make any money off of.
4) Either of the consequence mentioned would reduce the frequency of the behavior because Sony will not make movies they will not make money on and if North Korea starts a war with us, we will not continue to produce media that will cause the issue to further escalate.
5) The consequence involves the removal of something desirable.
6) The antecedent is Sony Pictures producing the movie The Interview.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Sony Pictures produces the movie The Interview
B= Guardians of Peace do not want Sony Pictures to release the movie, so they threaten them.
C= Sony starts cancelling media appearances to promote the movie
This is an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of something desirable and Sony Pictures is being punished by the Guardians of Peace for producing the movie. The threats they are making to the company are forcing them to cancel promotional media appearances for their stars and cancel releases for the movie. In turn, the company is losing money.
1) My piece is on where does weigh go when we lose it. More specifically, where does fat go when we burn it off?
2) The target behavior is burning fat.
3) The consequence burning fat is losing weight which will cause an overall drop in body mass. According the article exhaling CO2 helps us to burn more fat, and in turn lose more weight.
4) The frequency of this behavior is dependent on the individual and their own target behavior. Personally, the frequency of my behavior would increase due to the fact that I am working on losing weight.
5) The consequence involves the addition of something desirable.
6) The antecedent is working to burn fat or lose weight
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Working to burn fat and lose weight
B= Exhale more CO2 when exercising
C= Increase the amount of weight lost
This is an example of positive reinforcement because you are involving the addition of something desirable to the behavior. If you are working to burn fat or lose weight, chances are you are already working out. Learning that you can continue to lose more weight by exhaling more CO2 is an easy way to increase your weight lose without having to change much of what you are already doing.
Terms: negative punishment, target behavior, consequence, behavior, antecedent, punish, positive reinforcement, desirable, frequency,

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/16/371259776/amid-threats-by-hackers-actors-pause-promotion-of-sony-movie

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/12/16/371210831/when-you-burn-off-that-fat-where-does-it-go

1) The article that I choose to do for this part was an article about a dietary experiment that was used on primates. The diet is called Calorie Restriction. Scientists found that when they greatly reduced the amount of calories that the primates where consuming that the primates actually lived longer lives. However, this was mainly a “research tool and not a lifestyle recommendation.” Since these experiments were done with primates, the article cautions people to not try this until human trials have been performed.
2) The target behavior of this article is the consumption of fewer calories.
3) The proposed conclusion of this article is that if fewer calories are consumed then that will lead to a longer life.
4) This will alter the frequency of the behavior in that, if it’s true that eating fewer calories lengthens life then people will increasingly eat fewer calories.

5) This consequence definitely involves the addition of something: life.
6) Since I’m doing this over if humans were to do this (even though monkeys were the focus of the experiment) I would say that the antecedent would be the want to live longer.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Want to live longer
B= The consumption of fewer calories
C= Longer life
This is an example of positive reinforcement because if it is true that eating less calories increases a person’s life span, then a person would be willing to eat fewer calories more often, in turn increasing their lifespan even further.
This involves establishing operations. This article itself is the establishing operation because it makes the idea of eating fewer calories more desirable because it involves the increase of life (even though it’s for monkeys. People probably wouldn’t notice that, though).
1) This specific article is about clay eaters in the South. Literally. Kaolin to be more specific. This article goes basically into the tradition of women eating this as help for them, such as when they are sick or when they are pregnant to help protect the child. However, for this part of the blog, the main part of the article I’m concerned with is the last ¼ or so that suggests that, in the long run, kaolin could actually be bad in that it will absorb useful nutrients that the body needs.
2) The target behavior of this article is the behavior of eating “white dirt” (kaolin).
3) This clay can absorb vital nutrients in the body, which is dangerous for pregnant women in particular
4) This consequence could potentially decrease this behavior because if the women are more aware of this, they will potentially stop (or at least reduce) this behavior.
5) This consequence involves the addition of something bad, the bad thing being increase danger’s to the person’s health when consuming kaolin.
6) According to the article, it was tradition
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Tradition
B= Eating kaolin (white dirt)
C= Danger to health (especially for pregnant women)
This is definitely an example of negative punishment because, since it has potential danger to health, this will decrease the behavior.
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-26837211
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/02/297881388/the-old-and-mysterious-practice-of-eating-dirt-revealed
Terms: target behavior, conclusion, frequency, behavior, antecedent, reinforcement, positive reinforcement, establishing operations, desirable, negative punishment

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This was an interview between three people, where they were discussing eating disorders on a talk show. Two experts, a Dr. and a mom who had anorexia nervosa as a teenager discuss a variety of concepts relating to children and disordered eating.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
A target behavior discussed in this article is starving oneself.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
This behavior has a variety of consequences. From the individuals perspective, the consequence is losing weight. From a real, medical perspective however, the consequence is poor health and the development of anorexia nervosa.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence of losing the weight will increase the likelihood of starving oneself in the future because losing weight is the desired consequence. People with anorexia nervosa have distorted self-images which push them further into weight loss.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of self-satisfaction in the individual, thus making this positive reinforcement. However, medically speaking this is not good at all. Herein lays the problem with treatment of this kind of mental disorder.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is having a poor self-image, wanting to be thinner.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Wanting to be thinner
B= Starving oneself
C= losing weight.

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
Positive reinforcement, self positive reinforcement because losing weight in those with anorexia is the reinforcement they want and need to keep going, and staying happy.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
The act of engaging in the acts involved in the disorder do not involve extinction or establishing operations. However treatment would definitely involve many aspects of behavior modification, such as extinction, extinction burst, and reinforcement.

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article was about a soccer player, Cristiano Ronaldo, who is being punished for an excessive celebration he used during a soccer match recently.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
A provocative celebration from Ronaldo after scoring a goal.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence is a fine and suspension from the league he plays in.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence will presumably decrease the likelihood of the behavior occurring under similar circumstances in the future because the player does not want to be fined and suspended again.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequences involved the addition of a fine and suspension.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is scoring a goal.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Scoring a goal
B= Celebrating in a provocative manner
C= Being fined and suspended.

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because it involves the addition of an undesired consequence.


When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms: target behavior, consequence, positive reinforcement, extinction, extinction burst, punishment, positive punishment, antecedent, establishing operations,

http://www.npr.org/2014/02/11/275281272/children-and-anorexia-noticing-the-warning-signs
http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32044512

1) The second article I found talked about how cigarette usage is at a record low throughout America due to numerous changes in our society over the past decades.
2) The target behavior is people not smoking cigarettes as much as people have in the past. The article talks about different antecedents that were used to dramatically decrease the behavior of smoking cigarettes during the past years.
3) Smoking cigarettes is a behavior that is known for having many different consequences. The consequence that this article mainly focused with the smoking rate at a record low was people experience better overall health since they are not smoking as many cigarettes.
4) By removing the aversive consequence of poorer health with smoking cigarettes and adding the positive of better health, the frequency of the behavior of not smoking cigarettes will increase according to behavior modification.
5) The consequence involves the addition of something desirable and should increase the likelihood that the behavior will continue in the future.
6) The article talked about many antecedents so I will choose just one to use for this portion of the assignment. The antecedent is anti-smoking laws that have been passed at all levels banning smoking in areas such as public schools, restaurants, etc.
ABC's of the Behavior
A= anti-smoking laws passed at all levels
B= people stop smoking as many cigarettes
C= people experience better health
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something desirable which is people experiencing better health.
1) The article I found covers an interview with a former orca trainer from Sea World who condemns holding the animals in captivity and blames Sea World for the previous incidents that caused trainers and the animals harm. John Hargrove, the former trainer, is in the works of publishing a book shaming Sea World for neglecting to take proper precautions involving humans working with killer whales. Hargrove has become and activist in working towards the release of the animals and a ban on their captivity.
2) The target behavior that the article focuses on is Sea World having Orcas in captivity. This article covers basic behavioral concepts that we studied in class because it is trying to decrease the likelihood that the behavior will occur in the future. The reason for changing the behavior is due to the fact that it is harmful toward the trainers as well as the animals.
3) The consequence of the behavior is stress being put on the animal and trainers. The article even talks about the consequence of the behavior was actually one of the trainers being murdered by an orca.
4) The consequences will alter the frequency of the behavior due to the emission of stress upon the animals and trainers which create more negative emotions and press towards the Sea World organization as more people begin to realize the harmful effects of holding the animals in captivity cause.
5) The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable which is the stress put on the animals and the trainers.
6) The antecedent is Sea World developing marketing around having orcas as their main attraction to their theme park.
ABC's of the Behavior
A= Sea World marketing their theme park around orcas
B= Sea World holds the orcas in captivity
C= the orcas and the trainers experience stress and harmful situations
This article is an example of positive punishment because it involves the addition of something undesirable which should decrease the likelihood that the behavior will occur in the future.
The article did mention a few extinction burst. For example, one trainer was injured while working with an orca and the State of Florida stated that the trainers would all be suspended from being in the same water as the animals while a trial was being conducted on their safety. Sea World wanted to receive the same behavior of people coming to the park so they switched up their behaviors and reworked the show so the orcas still performed but the trainers were all out of the water and conducting them.
URLs:
http://www.npr.org/2015/03/23/394730076/former-orca-trainer-for-seaworld-condemns-its-practices
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/26/cigarette-smoking-decline_n_6855468.html
Terminology Used: target behavior, behavioral intervention, consequence, emission, antecedent, negative reinforcement, extinguish, aversive, positive punishment, positive reinforcement

1) In this news, Singapore is bidding farewell to its founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, who died on Monday aged 91. He was Singapore's prime minister for 31 years. He oversaw Singapore's independence from Britain and separation from Malaysia. One million people have visited tribute sites across Singapore this week to pay their respects. More than 415,000 people visited Parliament House to see Mr Lee's coffin, while at least 850,000 others went to community sites to pay tribute. Current Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, who is Lee Kuan Yew's son, has described the past week as a "deeply moving experience", saying Singaporeans had "expressed their grief overwhelmingly".

2) The target behavior would be paying respect to former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.

3) The consequence of the behavior would be feeling good about showing respect to a man that you feel deserves it.

4) The consequence shows satisfaction of showing former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew respect. Since the Singaporeans feel good about showing respect to Mr. Lee because he deserves it, it would make them want to respect him.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something (good feeling).

6) The antecedent of this would be being a Singaporean.

A = Being a Singaporean
B = Pay respect to former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew
C = Feeling good about showing respect to a man that you feel deserves it

This is an example of positive reinforcement because positive reinforcement involves the addition of something desirable (feeling food about paying respect to Mr.Lee) to increase the possibility of a behavior to reoccur again in the future.

1) In this new, millions of Nigerians vote in elections marred by violence. The race between President Goodluck Jonathan and former military dictator Muhammadu Buharihas so far been marred by problems with voting machines and deadly violence that has left at least 14 people dead. There was anger as people waited hours to be registered to vote, only to find that machines were not reading new biometric voting cards. Even the Jonathan was affected. Three newly imported card readers failed to recognize the fingerprints of the president and his wife. Biometric cards and readers are being used for the first time to discourage the kind of fraud that has marred previous votes. This is only the eighth election since Nigeria's independence from Britain 1960. With security a key issue, voters will decide if President Goodluck Jonathan is the one to keep them safe.

2) The target behavior would be wanting to vote for President Goodluck Jonathan

3) The consequence of the behavior would be fear of being killed while voting.

4) Since the consequence is undesirable, people would be afraid to vote for President Goodluck Jonathan. And that could decrease the chances of Nigerians voting for him.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something (fear).

6) The antecedent would be being an eligible voter of Nigeria.

A = Being an eligible voter of Nigeria
B = Wanting to Vote for President Goodluck Jonathan
C = Fear of being killed while voting

This is an example of positive punishment because positive punishment involves the addition of something aversive (fear) to decrease the occurrence of a behavior (wanting to vote for President Goodluck Jonathan) in the future.

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32102686
http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/3/28/nigerians-cast-ballots-in-presidential-election.html

TERMS: Target behavior, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, desirable, positive punishment, aversive.

http://www.npr.org/2015/03/28/395328714/the-chinese-paper-son-who-inspired-the-look-of-disneys-bambi

1. This piece is about the success of Tyrus Wong, a Chinese-American artist who created Bambi, and was the guide to artists who were responsible for drawing the forest background of the movie due to his sophisticated watercolour and pastel sketches being noticed by Disney himself. After the movie was in theatre, Wong was left jobless for three years because of a strike at Disney, but he found an opportunity to work for the Warner Bros, sketching storyboards for live action films. Now at 104 years old, Wong continues to pursue art as he enjoys a life of retirement.

2. The target behaviour I am using is Wong’s sketching. Sketching means brief drawing of an art piece that can either be further elaborated to use in a movie, or further developed into a complete art piece. Sketching is a behaviour under the behaviour class of drawing.

3. The consequence of Wong’s sketching is that his sketches are developed into complete art pieces that are used in movies, and in some cases, those sketches are used as storyboards in live-action movie.

4. The consequence can alter the behaviours because they are positively reinforcing Wong. The satisfaction that comes with having his art work turned into something bigger, and make money in the process, can encourage Wong to continue pursuing art. Even after his retirement, and money is no longer a prominent reinforcer when he pursues art, he is still motivated to create art, not only sketches, but art in general to satisfy himself internally.

5. The consequence involves the addition of something positive, which is the money he gets paid for sketching for big companies, as well as the internal satisfaction he gets when witnessing his sketches becoming something bigger.

6. The antecedent which began his sketching career is his passion towards art, and the antecedent during his career is the request to make art; lastly, the antecedent after his career returns to his passion towards art. A=passion towards art. B=sketch. C=income and internal satisfaction.

This is an example of positive reinforcement, because the consequences increases he frequency of his behaviour. It involves the internal reinforcement one receives when they are emotionally satisfied with their behaviours. His three years of unemployment could be seen as an establishing operation, making his job at Warner Bros more reinforcing. The passion for art elicits his sketching behaviours, and he emits the sketching behaviours to satisfy his passion for art, as well as to earn an income.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/26/from-finance-to-canines_n_6949190.html?utm_hp_ref=business

1. This piece of article is about a young man quitting in job in a finance firm because he was internally dissatisfied with his job. He followed a woman to Norway, and started a dog-walking business so he could walk a pack of dogs in the woods and be his own boss.

2. The target behaviour I am focusing on today is sitting at the desk for long hours at work.

3. The consequences of the target behaviour is the feeling of dissatisfaction that comes with the job.

4. The consequence ultimately leads the person to quit his job and walk dogs in Norweigian Woods. The consequence decreases the behaviours of sitting at a desk for long hours because the dissatisfaction is an aversive emotion one experiences internally.

5. The consequence involves the addition of something negative.

6. The antecedent is working at a finance firm where the person feels like he is wasting the majority of his life. A=working at finance firm. B=sitting at the desk for long hours. C=dissatisfaction with the job. This is an example of positive punishment because it involve the addition of something aversive to the person.

TERMS: positive reinforcement, positive punishment, aversive, elicit, emit, behaviour, behavioural class, establishing operation, antecedent, consequence

Article #1
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This piece is discussing the benefits of drinking water while flying. The dry, cabin air causes mucus membranes in our mouth, nose, and lungs to dry out, which make us more susceptible to illness. Remaining hydrated also prevents traveling constipation upon arrival at your destination.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior is drinking water.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
Maintaining immunity to illnesses and preventing future constipation when arriving at your destination are the consequences of staying hydrated.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
Preventing illness and constipation makes traveling more enjoyable, which will increase the frequency of water drinking behavior on airplanes.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
This consequence involves the removal of something since drinking water will lessen the amount of illness and constipation that one experiences while flying.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is flying.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Flying
B= Drinking water
C= Remaining healthy (not experiencing illness or constipation)

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement because something aversive is being removed from the individual’s experience. Through drinking water the individual can lessen an aversive experience.

Article #2
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
In Madagascar, a ground boa snake attacked a female sifaka (which looks kind of like a lemur) and began to crush the sifaka. As the snake began to coil around the sifaka, a group of other female sifaka’s began to attack the snake, biting and scratching it so much that it later died from its injuries.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior is the crushing behavior that the snake exhibited on the sifaka.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior was being scratched and bitten by the sifakas (which later resulted in death)

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The scratching and biting behavior that the sifakas emitted was painful enough that the snake released the sifaka that it was attacking. One of the sifakas bit the snake in the jaw, which fractured the jaw, thus preventing the snake from being able to eat anything, thus resulting in death. The consequence of being scratched and bitten by the sifakas was definitely lessen the frequency of the behavior of attacking sifakas emitted by the snake.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involved the addition of pain (the scratching and biting from the sifakas)

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the sight and exposure of the female sifaka and the hunger of the snake. The article does not actually describe what the antecedent might be, but that is what I imagine would elicit an attacking behavior from the snake.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Sight and exposure of the sifaka & hunger of the snake
B= Squeezing/attacking the sifaka
C=Being bitten and scratched by a group of sifakas

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because something aversive is being added to the snake’s experience. This aversive consequence results in a decrease in that behavior being emitted, thus it is an example of punishment.

URL’s:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-one-thing-you-should-do-on-every-flight-according-to-experts_5511a69ae4b02dc8de1d571d
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150327-cuddly-sifakas-fight-off-snake

Terms: target behavior, consequence, emitted, antecedent, elicit, aversive, positive punishment, negative reinforcement

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
-this article was about mold on food, it stated that mold is actually poisonous to our bodies and can make us sick, however it is safe to cut the mold from certain foods and get the rest, but not on all foods
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
-target behavior is cutting mold off of food
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
-consequence is not getting sick
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
-the consequence will increase the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something,
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
-antecedent is finding mold on food
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=finding mold on food
B=cutting mold off of the food
C=does not get sick
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
-this is an example of negative reinforcement because it involves the removal of something in order to increase the likelihood of the behavior happening in the future
http://www.today.com/health/it-ok-eat-moldy-food-2D80547310?cid=par-huffingtonpost

PUNISHMENT:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
-this article is about the Alabama football coach removing a player from the program because of his second arrest for a domestic assault charge
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
-arrest for domestic assault is the target behavior
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
-Consequence is being removed from the football program
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
-Consequence will hopefully decrease the likelihood of the player having a domestic violence charge in the future
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
- consequence involves the removal of something desirable
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
-antecedent is the woman reporting the assault
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=women reports assault
B=arrest for domestic violence
C=kicked out of football program
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
-this is an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of something desirable in order to hopefully decrease the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/29/jonathan-taylor-domestic-violence-arrest_n_6964930.html
Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
-consequence, antecedent, behavior, target behavior, negative punishment, punishment, negative reinforcement, reinforces

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The first piece I chose to read was an article I found on npr.com under the section of food for thought. The article I read was called, Grocery Stores Are Losing You. Here How They Plan To Win You Back. To summarize the article, it discussed how grocery stores are going to have to add more services because in the last 10 years ordinary supermarkets have been increasingly losing market shares by 15%. The rise in online food shopping, is forcing grocery stores to find more innovative ways for people to shop in their local grocery stores. One example of how grocery stores are evolving is Hy Vee and their Market Grille. These “grocerraunts” are starting to pop up in grocery stores throughout the United States. The target behavior in these article is making grocery shopping more innovative. The consequence of this behavior is bringing back more business to local supermarkets. This consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior because if they succeed to make the grocery stores more innovative, then they will increase the amount of people who shop at the stores. The antecedent is the grocery store quality/innovation.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= grocery store quality
B= grocery shopping
C= increase in business
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement, because they are adding innovative ideas such as “grocerruants” and bars where you can get beer while shopping.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
If the grocery stores don’t start to become more creative and innovative with their stores the behavior of grocery shopping that people emit will become extinct.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/03/30/395774725/grocery-stores-are-losing-you-heres-how-they-plan-to-win-you-back
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The second article I read was about the Alps plane crash. Allegedly, the pilot of the plane committed suicide by crashing the plan over the Appalachian Mountains. I found this article interesting because I will be receiving my masters in clinical mental health counseling, and this accident has brought attention to the idea of having mental health counseling screen pilots every so often in order to make sure they are in a positive mental state. The article mentions that the pilot received counseling for suicidal tendencies before receiving his pilot’s license. 150 people died in this plane crash and the investigation is ongoing. The particular target behavior in this article is crashing of the airplane. The consequence of the behavior was the death of all 150 passengers that were abroad the plane when it crashed. The consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior because pilots may now be required to be screen for mental health issues before they are allowed to receive their pilots license. Finally, the consequence of this behavior involves the removal of something, because of the fact that 150 people died after the pilot crashed the plane. The antecedent of the behavior was the pilot being suicidal.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= suicidal pilot
B= crashing the plane
C= death of 150 people
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32113507
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why. The behavior involves removing something so I would say that this is negative punishment. However I am not one hundred percent sure on this and I will definitely ask the next time we are in class.
Emit, extinction, behavior, antecedent, consequence, positive reinforcement, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, aversive, elicit, emit, punish, consequence, behavior.

Reinforcement Website Topic:

--In this topic of reinforcement I found about how shock collars are used to have the dog elicit the wanted behavior and the shock does not end until the desired behavior is expressed. I am not a firm believer in this at all. I really thought shock collars were used to tell the dog that that behavior is not what the owner wants emitted, but now there used for expressing the desired behavior. In this shock collar training that expresses negative reinforcement the dog is only able to sit on the bed he is provided otherwise he gets shocked and by sitting on the bed he is only available to he don’t get shocked.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/anna-jane-grossman/dog-training_b_2598772.html

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Shock collar training
B= Sitting on the bed
C= Takes away the pain (shock)

--This definitely expresses negative reinforcement even though I think it is actually punishment but its not. The presence of the desired behavior takes away the bad behavior which increases the likelihood of the behavior happening again because it is removing the negative consequence.

--This topic does not involve extinction because it is not taking it away for good. This negative reinforcement expresses examples of establishing operations because it raises the value of shock collar which is the negative reinforcer. It is the operation that increases the effectiveness the dog only sitting on the bed only which is the behavior.

Other Topic

--For this concept/topic a mother decides its best to sell her daughters Katy Perry tickets because she doesn’t deserve them because she is a spoiled brat. Supposedly the daughter has been showing unwanted behaviors for the mom and not listening to what she wants done. It is a personal issue that now has got the public notification and was known to be a critical public punishment. Other parents did not like the fact that the mother was handling it this way and was not sold that it was an effective punishment. The consequence of the behavior consists of the mother removing the tickets from the daughters wellbeing.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/04/mom-sells-katy-perry-tickets_n_5649641.html

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Going to Katy Perry Concert?
B= Child showing bad behavior
C= Tickets taken away

--This concept/topic is an example of supposedly positive punishment in the mother’s eyes. Taking the tickets away from the brat daughter and selling them will then decrease the likelihood of the daughter emitting and expressing these bad behaviors anymore.

Terms: Positive Punishment, Effective Punishment, Consequence, Extinction, Negative Reinforcement, Reinforcer, Establishing Operations, Desired Behavior, Elicit, Emitting

1) This article illustrates habits of people who like to work out. The point of this is to help others want to work out more.
2) The target behavior is working out.
3) One of the consequences illustrated in the article is picking a workout the person enjoys. The entire article is a list of consequences but for this I will only use one.
4) The consequence increases the likelihood of working out because if you enjoy what you like doing (versus not enjoying it) will make you want to do it more often.
5) The consequence adds something -- it adds a desirable workout.
6) The antecedent is the desire to workout or become more healthy.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Wanting to workout
B= Working out
C= Using a workout you enjoy

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is positive reinforcement because it adds something desirable, a workout that you enjoy to increase the likelihood that working out will begin.


1) The American Pharmacists Association (APhA) is trying to get pharmacy companies to stop selling execution drugs to prisons. They instated a new policy that discourages the selling of these drugs.
2) The target behavior is selling execution drugs to prisons.
3) The consequence is the policy instated to decrease the likelihood that execution drugs will be sold to prisons.
4) The policy decreases the likelihood of pharmacies to sell execution drugs to prisons by explaining to pharmacists that it goes against their fundamental role as health care providers.
5) The consequence is the addition of something -- the policy.
6) The antecedent is prisons wanting to buy execution drugs from pharmaceutical companies.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Prisons wanting to buy execution drugs from pharmaceutical companies
B= Pharmaceutical companies selling execution drugs to prisons
C= The APhA adds a policy against selling execution drugs to prisons

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.

This is positive punishment because it adds something (a policy) that decreases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again (selling execution drugs).


URLs:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/23/how-to-love-exercise_n_6903940.html

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/03/30/396419514/pharmacists-group-votes-to-discourage-members-from-providing-execution-drugs

Terms: positive punishment, behavior, target behavior, antecedent, consequence,

This clip was about single stream recycling and what it was meant to do vs what it is actually doing. For the purpose of this assignment I am going to focus on what it was meant to do. The idea behind single stream recycling is to elicit more recycling by making it easier for people. All they have to do is put recyclables into one container. The consequence being less trash in the environment and a healthier planet. However, people are bing too careless and it is becoming impossible to separate some of the things people are putting into the containers for example, glass is breaking and can’t be sorted, or paper is getting wet and cant be recycled that way etc. meaning more recyclables are bing thrown away then recycled.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=one spot- easy recycling

B= increasing recycling

C= less waste on the planet
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement because it is increasing a behavior by taking away a chore (sorting) normally associated with recycling.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This involves establishing operations to make it elicits a target behavior of easy recycling that way people are more likely to do it. It does not involve extinction- hopefully because the consequence is a long term, saving of the planet.


For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
This article was about the two men who stromed the NSA gate yesterday for no apparent reason and were shot. One of the men died the other did not. There were reports that drugs were most likely involved so I am going to say that those drugs (it was cocain) served as the antecedent, giving the men enough courage to storm the NSA gate. The storming then was the behavior and the consequence was being shot at.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Being on coacain

B=Storming NSA security gate

C=Being shot at.
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is positive punishment because they are adding an aversive consequence, in this case flying bullets, to stop a behavior.

http://www.npr.org/2015/03/31/396319000/with-single-stream-recycling-convenience-comes-at-a-cost

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/03/30/396358319/1-death-reported-outside-nsa-after-car-tries-to-ram-security-gate

Terms: Elicit, emit, target behavior, positive punishment, negative reinforcement, extinction, establishing operations

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece-
This piece talks about how teens trust their peers opinions more than they trust adults' opinions when judging risks or making decisions.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The behavior illustrated here is the teens trusting their friends (peers) instead of their parents. This misjudgment could be compared to reinforcement by friends or punishment by parents.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior could be anything resulting from the poor decision making, and in some cases it could be dangerous. For example, texting and driving or getting in a vehicle with someone who has been drinking.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The hope would be that the poor consequences (if not fatal) would open the eyes of these teens and make them realize that their decisions aren't as smart as they think, and therefore helping them differentiate between good and bad ideas.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence hopefully would not involve the removal of something, especially in a situation involving life or death, but if the consequence also involves a parent punishing them, then it could be the removal of something pleasurable or the addition of something unpleasant.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be a risky situation.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= risky situation
B= trusting friends opinions more than parents
C= potentially dangerous outcomes

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive or negative punishment because we are trying to get rid of the behavior. It is either positive or negative based on the situation, and whether something negative is being added or if something positive is being taken away.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This could involve establishing operations by making the reinforcer more reinforcing when the parents are involved. If parents get their kids to listen to their advice and opinions on the risky behavior they're emitting, they could incorporate a reinforcer that makes them want to listen to their parents more than they usually would. The regular reinforcer would be just staying safe by not doing the risky behavior in the first place, but with establishing operations, staying safe AND getting some sort of positive or negative reinforcement from the parents.


1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This video is about a man who's Jeep was getting towed and he drove it off the tow-truck instead of letting it get towed.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The behavior being emitted is driving off the tow truck
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior is probably a ticket, unless the tow truck driver didn't write down the man's license plate number
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
I would think that the man would be persuaded not to park where it says not to or to pay his meter in order to avoid that situation in further circumstances
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the removal of something- parking places he shouldn't be parking
6) tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent is parking in places he shouldn't or not paying the meter

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Not paying meter/parking where he's supposed to
B= Driving off the tow-truck
C= Ticket

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment, because if he did get a ticket, it is adding something aversive that he does not want, which will decrease his behavior in the future.

TERMS: emit, behavior, consequence, antecedent, positive punishment, negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, establishing operations, aversive

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The article I am choosing to examine details that the co-pilot responsible for crashing a plane into the French Alps was diagnosed with depression, Lufthansa was aware of the his condition but previously it was stated that the co-pilot was concealing his condition. The target behavior I am examining is company’s denial of knowing of the depression. The consequence of denying knowledge of the depression would result in the co-pilot crashing the plane. After this incident the company will increase their psychological screenings of employees and filter applicants more carefully. The consequence involves potentially removing employees who also have similar medical conditions. The antecedent to denying knowledge of the depression is having no prior issues with the co-pilot.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Co-pilot is known to have depression, but no prior issues on the job.
B=the company that hires co-pilot, and denies knowing of depression.
C=the co-pilot crashes the plane.

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement. The consequence should result in stricter hiring practices and potentially losing a few employees who are also known to have a similar medical condition.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The article I found from BBC posed the question can you win at anything if you practice hard enough. An “unsporty” adult was given an hour of coaching in table tennis every day for a year in an experiment to try to answer the question. The results were unimpressive with the subject being ranked lower than top under 11 players in the UK, but still significant improvements. The article further explains why they were unable to reach higher skill level due to cultural differences, schedules of reinforcement (instant gratification) and natural gifts versus practice.
The target behavior that I’ll observe from this article is the form of practice that the subject partook in. The type of practice, purposeful practice was focused on improvements and not just mindlessly hitting balls and playing matches. The consequence of this form of practice improves the subject’s skill and increases his chance of winning games. This is positive reinforcement because they subject is gaining skill in table tennis. The antecedent of the practice was an experiment to improve skill level.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Experiment to increase skill level
B=purposeful practice
C=Improvements of subjects skill level and decrease their losses in games.

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is positive punishment, the subject is practicing with purpose and this reduces the chance of losing he faces.
Terms: schedule of reinforcement, instant gratification, consequence, antecedent, behavior,

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/03/31/396667894/lufthansa-says-it-knew-of-co-pilot-andreas-lubitzs-depression


http://www.bbc.com/news/business-31945687

The article I chose to analyze for behavior was featured in BBC news online. The situation is an African Guinea coast response to the Ebola crisis that has killed so many in the area. Efforts are being made to reduce the spread of the disease and that starts by quarantining areas affected and those unaffected, preventing the contamination from one to another. The Guinean president has declared a 45 day health emergency for the coastal region, including Sierra Leone. Since the outbreak appeared in the area in December of 2013, thousands have died even with Red Cross effort. These restrictions include quarantining boarders, hospitals with new outbreaks, and new rules regarding burials. African burial rituals were a prime initial contraction and spread of the virus, as many individuals come in contact with contaminated bodily fluids in the process of washing the deceased’s body.
While there are a great amount of behaviors influencing and changing reactions to the Ebola outbreak, this situation in particular for me is a focus on the target behavior of quarantining a geological/country region. This is already a reaction to other behavior but it is being influenced by decreased ability to control further outbreak of the virus if it is already in a region due to medical practices such as a lack of access to necessary equipment. By changing their (the country’s) behavior/slash response to Ebola they are able to change the consequence of the behavior from increased infection of their population to maintaining or decreasing the amount of cases in those country’s populations. This new consequence of decreasing or maintaining the number of cases of Ebola in their country would increase the frequency of the quarantine behavior because it is the removal of something aversive which is disease. Finally, the antecedent is the presence of Ebola in the country or community as these measures would not need to be taken had the outbreak been contained when it first occurred.
The ABC’s of this behavior are:
A = Outbreak of Ebola
B = Quarantining those with the virus away from those that are still healthy
C = Maintain or decrease of the number of cases of Ebola in the area.

This is an example of negative reinforcement because it is the removal (decreased number) of something aversive (disease) that will increase the chance of the behavior (quarantine) happening in the future.
The establishing operation of the Ebola crisis elicits a behavior of emitting a quarantine response. This is also essentially a differential reinforcement of other, as you could easily have just punished the community for the virus by raising taxes to treat or not reacting to the virus outbreak at all but by quarantining you remove the effects of the outbreak to some degree. Although I found the article really interesting there are aspects of the plan that cause issues for me. The main thing is while the health emergency may be reinforcing for these countries, it can be a punishment for those that want or need to cross borders to get medical treatment to even receive the change to live.

Antecedent, behavior, target behavior, differential reinforcement of other, elicit, emit, negative reinforcement, aversive, consequence, punishment.

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32103625

The NPR piece I used is on Arkansas’ ‘religious freedom’ bill they passed. Governor Hutchinson has asked law makers in the state senate to change the wording so it can’t be used to target and discriminate against gays and lesbians. The law, based off of an Indiana law recently passed in that state, has brought a mountain of bad publicity to the state and the Governor himself. The behavior is pleading to state legislators to change the law. The consequence is a reduction in the bad publicity he’s getting. In the future he’ll probably increase the frequency of vetoing bills that allow for discrimination. The consequence involves the removal of the negative press. The antecedent is the backlash from the whole nation.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/01/396779707/arkansas-gov-asa-hutchinson-weighs-state-s-religious-freedom-bill
A= Backlash from the whole nation
B= Ask legislators to change the law
C= Doesn’t
This is an example of positive punishment. The government officials in the states of Indiana and Arkansas thought they could make discrimination legal and then faced massive backlash from the nation. That negative press is the addition of something very undesirable.
This also involves extinction. In the future the state officials will (hopefully) not seek the reward of support from the religious right by attempting to pass discrimination laws under the guise of religious freedom. The ethics of the rest of the nation have evolved beyond such things.

The second piece I used is on inter-generational conflicts in the work place. The author proposes that since millennials grew up receiving constant positive reinforcement then they need to have that same reinforcement in the work place for them to feel their performance was appreciated or done well. The target behavior here is positively reinforcing good behavior/performance. The consequence is the millennial employee knows they’ve done a good job and will hopefully increase the frequency of such behavior in the future. This is the addition of something pleasant. The antecedent is tricky; I would say it is the desire to be recognized as a good employee or having their performance appreciated.
This is an example of positive reinforcement; reward is given for good behavior.
There is an establishing operation. When we’re young we received constant positive feedback and now we desire that in our workplace as well. That’s somewhat uncommon in the workplace and thus we’ve been deprived of positive feedback making the complements salient.
Terms: Behavior, antecedent, consequence, establishing operation, rewards, positive punishment, desirable, salient, depredation, extinction, feedback, target behavior,

Topical Blog #11
Cassidy Monaco
REINFORCEMENT:
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
This is a strange article that tells readers how to become more like George Clooney, since he is seen as an icon for being cool and attractive. Essentially, the reader is reinforced for carrying out the steps by being more like George Clooney, which makes more people enjoy their presence.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,
This article gives three steps to become more like Clooney, so there are essentially three target behaviors, or ways to change one’s behavior to the desirable behavior. The target behaviors are being more positive, more important, and more mysterious. However, the problem with these target behaviors is that they are not specific enough. They are more like behavior classes because there are many ways to be positive, important, and mysterious.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
If one carries out these three behaviors, the consequence is being seen as more like George Clooney, which apparently to some people is desirable.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
Since being more like George Clooney is desirable to some people, this will make them want to do more to be more positive, important, and mysterious, because as a result, they are more like Clooney, which is desirable.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
This consequence involves the addition of something, which is being more like George Clooney.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent might be that a person wants to be more cool and popular. They think the best way to do so is to be more like George Clooney. (I am having a hard time taking myself seriously as I write about this absurd article )
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Person wants to be cool and popular
B= Person becomes more positive, important, mysterious.
C=Person is more like George Clooney, and therefore more popular and cool
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is positive reinforcement because it involves adding something desirable in order to increase the likelihood of the target behavior.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This practice of becoming more like Clooney does not involve extinction. It does not involve establishing operations. If this situation were to include establishing operations, one would be deprived of all feelings of popularity, and made to almost feel worthless. Then, when they are reinforced for their behavior by feeling cool and popular, it is more enforcing to them. However, it is unethical to deprive someone of all positive feelings of importance and to make someone feel worthless.


PUNISHMENT:
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
In this piece, a news anchor awkwardly pulled the coat hanger out of his suit jacket in the middle of the broadcast. Because this was embarrassing for him to do on TV with thousands of people watching, he probably learned a lesson and will now check his jacket for the hanger each time before he puts it on. This, in a sense, is positive punishment because something was added (embarrassment), which will work to decrease the frequency of the behavior (forgetting the hanger in the jacket).
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
The target behavior is checking his coat before putting it on each day to ensure the hanger is not stuck in his coat.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is embarrassment in front of many people watching the meteorologist on TV.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
Because he was embarrassed, which is an aversive feeling, he will not want to be embarrassed again, so he will be better about checking his coat for the hanger so he will not have to experience this embarrassment again.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
This consequence involves the addition of something aversive.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent could be that the meteorologist was running late for work, making him rushed. This antecedent then elicited the behavior, which was that he forgot to take the hanger out of his jacket.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= running late for job as meteorologist
B= left coat hanger in his jacket
C= embarrassment
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is positive punishment because it involves the addition of something aversive to decrease the frequency of a behavior. The addition is the feeling of embarrassment, which is an aversive feeling that is not pleasant to experience. This will decrease the bad behavior of forgetting the hanger in the jacket because the meteorologist will not want to experience this embarrassment again, so he will use caution when putting on his jacket.


http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jack-stahlmann/how-to-become-the-george-_b_6976268.html?utm_hp_ref=business&ir=Business
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/30/meteorologist-weatherman-coat-hanger-suit-video_n_6970686.html?ir=Media
TERMS: positive punishment, target behavior, consequence, behavior, antecedent, aversive, elicited, extinction, establishing operations, unethical

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1. The article is about the Cali. table grape strikes from several decades ago. Pretty much the immigrant workers were treated like shit, so they got together and devised ways to achieve better working conditions - which worked. 2. The immigrant grape field workers went on strike. 3. The consequence was that they were granted better benefits and working conditions because of the decline in profits for the grape companies. 4. It will alter the frequency of the behavior because the workers will no longer strike since they have been given better working conditions in the fields. 5. It involves the addition of pleasurable stimuli. 6. the Antecedent is that the grape field workers are treated poorly.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=workers working in aversive conditions
B=workers go on strike
C=workers receive better benefits and working conditions

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it increases the likely hood of the workers going on strike again, if conditions get bad enough, and it's positive because the companies add more benefits to help out the workers.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
I believe this is an example that involves the process of establishing operations.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1. Two people attempted to drive a car through a police blockade to gain access to the NSA facility and were subsequently shot. 2. The target behavior that Im using is them driving into the NSA police blockade. 3. The consequence of the behavior is that the two people were shot - one fatally. 4. The consequence will alter the behavior because they most likely will never attempt(decreasing it) that again, especially because one of them is dead. 5. It involved the addition of bullets in yo' body! 6. The antecedent was they were presumably doing a bunch a blow with prostitutes in a stolen car.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= deviant behaviors in a stolen car
B= Attempted to crash through NSA police barricade
C= They got shot.

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because it involves the addition of aversive stimuli in order to decrease the frequency of the behavior.

Terms: Aversive, pleasurable, desirable, behavior words, frequency, stimuli, positive punishment/reinforcement, antecedent, consequence, establishing operations.

Cites: -http://www.upworthy.com/about-50-years-ago-14-million-americans-stopped-eating-grapes-for-a-very-good-reason?c=huf1
-http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32151412

Topical Blog Week #11

Topic 1: Reinforcement
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece
The article that I read was about how tobacco companies want to start advertising that Snus is a safer alternative to smoking cigarettes. Snus is a milder form of chewing tobacco that is packaged in little pouches. The issues that arise in this article and the behaviors and consequences are strictly hypothetical. This is something that the tobacco companies want to start doing so that more people will know that Snus is not as dangerous and unhealthy as smoking cigarettes. One issue that arises with this is that more people will start to use Snus as an alternative to cigarettes. Snus may not be as harmful, but it still contain nicotine and tobacco, so it is just about as addictive. Snus may be used for cigarette smokers if they are in a situation where they are unable to smoke a cigarette, or it might be used as a crutch for someone who is not ready to quit completely. If we advertise that Snus is “less harmful”, people may start to believe that it’s not harmful at all – and this could cause serious problems. Another issue that arises with this article is that tobacco companies have lied several times in the past about the harmfulness of their products. So how do we know whether or not we can even believe their claims?

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studied so far
I kind of put the ABC’s of this article into a hypothetical situation. It has not been agreed upon that tobacco companies will be able to claim that Snus is less harmful than cigarettes (yet). But if it does get passed, and they are able to advertise for Snus, then there are several things that could happen. So the target behavior I chose for this article was that people will start using Snus to replace cigarettes. We are aware that cigarettes are bad and very harmful to our health, so if the tobacco companies come up with what appears to be an “alternative”, I think that a lot of people will take it. And in all honesty, I think a lot of people already have.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
When the target behavior occurs (more people using Snus/thinking that Snus is an alternative to cigarettes), then more people will start becoming addicted to Snus (consequence). If people start to believe that there is a tobacco product that is much less harmless than cigarettes, more than likely, the consequence of that will be that more people will use it and become addicted to Snus instead.

4) Tell us how that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence (more people using and getting addicted to Snus) will increase the likelihood of the behavior occurring. If people believe that it is safer, they will use it more. And when those people use it more, they will start to become addicted to it (consequence). Which, in turn, will cause them to use Snus even more.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
I think the consequence, in this case, involves the addition of something. The thing being added would be the addiction. Initially, people are addicted to cigarettes (tobacco, nicotine, other harmful things in cigarettes). And when these people switch to Snus, they will still be getting the nicotine and tobacco that they were getting in cigarettes, just in less dosage. Once this happens, they will start to use Snus more and more until they are addicted. So not only is the addiction being added, but the percentage of Snus usage is also increasing and being added as well.

6) Tell us what the antecedent is
The antecedent is that tobacco companies claim Snus is much less harmful than cigarettes. This will cause the behavior (people start using Snus/replacing cigarettes with Snus), which will cause the consequence (more people become addicted to Snus).

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Tobacco companies claim that Snus is less harmful than cigarettes
B= People start using Snus and replacing cigarettes with Snus
C= People are hooked to a new product that contains nicotine and tobacco

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why. Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This would be an example of positive reinforcement. It is positive reinforcement because something is being added to the consequence. The thing that is being added is the addiction, and the addiction makes the target behavior happen more and more often (which makes it reinforcement). I would say that the schedule of the reinforcement is continuous. Every time the person uses Snus to replace a cigarette, they are not having a cigarette (that’s a plus), and it is feeding their addiction (also a plus). They are getting reinforced every time they have a Snus. This could be very bad because this is what would lead the person to addiction.

Topic 2: Punishment
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece
Recently, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act was passed in Indiana. This act gives businesses the right to refuse service to homosexuals because it infringes on their religious beliefs. This is very controversial for both sides. The people who don’t want their religious views to be affected are happy about it because now they can legally refuse to serve homosexuals. They don’t have to worry as much about getting bad press because it is legal. But it is bad for people who are homosexual because they will have limited places that they can go. They will be turned down by some, and that just doesn’t feel good. It was reported that a pizzeria in Indiana was the first place to officially use the act and turn down a catering job to a homosexual wedding.

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior that I am using for this example is when the restaurant turns down business from homosexual couples. This has only happened with one restaurant thus far (says the article – there may have been more that haven’t been reported). But I’m sure it will happen more at different restaurants now that it is legal in Indiana.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior was something I chose to make rather hypothetical just like I did with the previous article. I believe that the consequence of this behavior is that the restaurant will start to lose service. They will obviously lose service from the homosexual community because they won’t be able to get service. This will cause other homosexuals to not even try to get service. I also think that they will lose service from heterosexuals who fully support the homosexuals. Personally, I would not go into a restaurant that could be so biased and prejudiced against a certain type of person.

4) Tell us how that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
I think that the consequence will decrease the behavior. When the restaurant starts to lose service, they will really start to feel it financially. I also think that it will decrease the behavior because a lot of people are really upset about it. There are already rumors that people are working to get rid of/modify this act so that it’s not so prejudiced towards homosexuals.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the subtraction of something. When the restaurants start to refuse service, they will also start to lose service because people get mad and don’t fully support their decision.

6) Tell us what the antecedent is
The antecedent is the actual act that was passed allowing certain restaurants to refuse to serve homosexuals. This was the antecedent because it allows restaurants to legally refuse service of others (behavior), which causes the consequence (people get mad).

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= An act was passed that allows people to refuse to serve homosexual couples
B= Pizza place refuses to cater a wedding for a homosexual couple
C= The pizzeria will lose customers (homosexual and heterosexual)

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This would be an example of negative punishment. It is negative punishment because it is taking away something (customers), which makes the restaurant less likely to refuse service (punishment). The behavior will be reduced and less likely to happen because the restaurants won’t want to lose any more customers.

URL’s:
Topic 1: Reinforcement – “Tobacco Firm Seeks Softer Warning for Cigarette Alternative”
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/04/01/395775581/tobacco-firm-asks-fda-to-lift-warning-label-on-this-product

Topic 2: Punishment – “Indiana’s Memories Pizza Reportedly Becomes First Business To Reject Catering Gay Weddings
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/01/indiana-pizza-gay-couples_n_6985208.html


TERMS: Target Behavior, Consequence, Antecedent, Reinforcement, Punishment, Positive Reinforcement, Schedule of Reinforcement, Continuous Reinforcement, Negative Punishment

1) Briefly describe/Summarize your piece
- Arkansas governor signed a bill on Wednesday requiring police to screen domestic abuse victims to assess their risk of being killed in a domestic homicide, a proactive step that aims to reduce lethal intimate partner violence. The legislation, called "Laura's Law" is named after Laura Aceves, a 21-year-mother of three who was murdered by her ex-boyfriend in 2012.Under “Laura’s Law,” law enforcement officers who respond to domestic violence incidents will be required to ask victims a set of questions that evaluate their level of risk, such as whether the offender has access to a gun or has strangled the victim in the past. The legislation was approved with no dissenting votes last week in both houses of the Arkansas state legislature.
2) Tell us what the behavior (target behavior) is
- The target behavior is the bill being passed to protect domestic abuse victims.
3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
- The consequence is that police will need to screen domestic abuse victims to assess their risk of being killed in a domestic homicide.
4) Tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
-Police will hopefully be able to prevent more domestic homicides by screening the victims.
5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
-When police get a call and suspect it to be domestic violence, they screen and help protect victims from domestic homicide. The police vigilance and screening could help protect the victims and because of that I'd say the consequence involves the addition of something.
6) Tell us what the antecedent is
-Too many domestic violence victims
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Too many domestic violence victims
B= Passing the bill to protect victims from domestic homicide
C= Police being able to screen domestic violence victims and assess their risk of being killed in a domestic homicide
7) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement.
-This is an example of positive reinforcement because the addition of police vigilance and screening of domestic violence victims can save someone from domestic homicide
8) Spontaneous recovery is defined as the return of an emitted behavior after is has been previously extinguished. This could be a stretch, but if behavior of domestic violence has been extinguished the behavior could occur again after police conduct their screening and if the victim returns to their partner.

Punishment
1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece
- Sen. Robert Menendez, a New Jersey Democrat, has been indicted on federal corruption charges.The indictment alleges that Menendez abused his office to benefit Salomon Melgen, a Florida eye doctor who was the senator's friend and donor. Menendez has always maintained his innocence.The indictment alleges that Melgen offered and Menendez solicited and accepted "things of value, including domestic and international flights on private jets, first-class domestic airfare, use of a Caribbean villa, access to an exclusive Dominican resort, a stay at a luxury hotel in Paris, expensive meals, golf outings, and tens of thousands of dollars in contributions to a legal defense fund." In return for campaign contributions, the indictment alleges, Menendez performed "specific requested exercises" of his "official authority."
2) Tell us what the behavior (target behavior) is
- The Senator being indicted on federal corruption charges
3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
- The consequence of this behavior is that the Senator could go to prison.
4) Tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior.
-The Senator won't be able to break the law anymore once he's in prison. It also sends a message to everybody else that corruption is no joke and the FBI will investigate and arrest someone for corruption even if they are a Senator.
5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
-It involves the removal of something. If the Senator is found guilty, he could be sent to prison, which would be the loss of his freedom.
6) Tell us what the antecedent is
-The antecedent is the FBI investigation into the Senator
7) State if this is an example of positive punishment or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
- This would be an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of a desirable stimulus, contingent upon emitting an undesirable behavior, with the goal of decreasing the frequency of such a response.

URL's
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/01/arkansas-domestic-violence_n_6970902.
htmlhttp://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/01/396871480/justice-department-indicts-sen-robert-menendez-on-corruption
Terms:
behavior, target behavior, consequence, frequency of behavior, addition, removal, antecedent, ABCs, positive reinforcement, spontaneous recovery, extinguished, punishment, negative punishment, desirable stimulus, emitting, undesirable behavior, and response

REINFORCEMENT
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

This article was entitled “Run When You’re 25 For a Sharper Brain When You’re 45”. The article states that exercising regularly in your 20’s may help preserve your cognition and memory later in life, along with having other major health benefits.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far

The target behavior in this example is exercising when you are young.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

The consequence of the behavior of exercising when you are young is having better cognition and memory in middle age.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

The consequence will (ideally) increase the frequency of the exercise behavior.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something

The consequence involves the addition of something pleasurable, which increases the likelihood that the frequency of the behavior will increase. The addition of something pleasurable is the increase in cognitive and memory functioning.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent is someone young not wanting to lose their cognitive functioning as they age.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Someone young does not want to lose their cognitive functioning as they age
B=
The young person exercises and runs regularly
C= Their cognitive and memory abilities increase


Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.

This is an example of positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of something desirable, or the increase in cognitive abilities in middle ages.

PUNISHMENT:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

In the article I found that portrays punishment, eleven former Atlanta public school employees were found guilty in a cheating scandal. Ten of them were sent to jail after going to trial, and one of them was allowed to stay out on bond since she was about to give birth. The cheating scandal involved changing student’s wrong answers on tests for better results and punishing anyone who told on them.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept

The target behavior that I am using is the employees of the public schools of Atlanta cheating for their students and punishing those who tell on them.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

The consequence of this behavior is getting fired and going to trial/getting sent to jail.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

This consequence will very likely decrease the frequency of the cheating behavior because it is an aversive consequence.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something

The consequence involves the addition of something as well as the removal of something. I say this because the employees lost their jobs (the removal of something), and they were also given jail time (the addition of something).

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent is the students performing poorly on tests, causing the employees to cheat to make the school look better.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
The students performed poorly on tests
B=
The employees cheated and changed their wrong test answers
C= The employees lost their jobs and got sent to jail after a trial


Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.

This is an example of positive punishment, because the employees were given jail time as a consequence for their cheating behavior, so it involves the addition of something aversive to decrease the frequency of the behavior in the future. I could also say that along with positive punishment, their consequence included negative punishment as well. The negative punishment would be the employees losing their jobs, because it involves the removal of something in order to decrease the frequency of the behavior in the future.


Terms: positive punishment, negative punishment, consequence, behavior, aversive, antecedent, target behavior, punishment, desirable, positive reinforcement


Links:

Punishment Link:
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/01/396854948/11-atlanta-public-school-employees-found-guilty-in-cheating-scandal

Reinforcement Link:
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/02/297910425/run-when-youre-25-for-a-sharper-brain-when-youre-45

Reinforcement:

1.) I found an article about the bacteria that scientist believe makes armpits smelly. They believe they have located the bacteria, then when it comes in contact with sweat, creates the unfriendly aroma. They think that they can develop a new deodorant that targets only these bacteria, which would make it very effective in odor protection.
2.) The target behavior that I am focusing on, that illustrates reinforcement, is putting on deodorant.
3.) The consequence of this behavior is odor protection (and hopefully more so when these scientists develop their new deodorant).
4.) The consequence increases the frequency of the behavior because society has determined that it is inappropriate to smell in public, so people put on deodorant so they don’t smell.
5.) The consequence of applying deodorant involves the removal of a social stigma (the stigma is being smelly in public and putting deodorant on removes that)
6.) The antecedent is being a human being that sweats and goes out in public.
7.) A: Going into public
B: Applying deodorant
C: Not smelling in public
This is negative reinforcement because we are taking the aversive natural of a social stigma (smelling in public) away when we put on deodorant.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/31/396573607/meet-the-bacteria-that-make-a-stink-in-your-pits

Punishment:

1.) This article talks about the backlash against the Religious Freedoms Act singed into law by Indiana governor Mike Pence. The law has drawn national attention because of the possible effects it could have on discrimination against gay and lesbian’s in the business workplace. Mike Pence has maintained that the national media has simply misinterpreted the intention of the original act, but he has called on the state lawmakers to add clarifying language.
2.) The target behavior to be reduced is not to sign an unconstitutional bill into law.
3.) The consequence is state, and national, backlash.
4.) This backlash will (hopefully) decrease the behavior in the future as it hurts Mike Pence’s chances of getting reelected.
5.) There are a couple of different ways I could go with this, but I’m going to say that this consequence involves the removal of approval points in the polls (again, hurting the governor’s chances of getting reelected).
6.) The antecedent is that governor, Mike Pence, wants to make a change for (what he thinks) is the better for his state.
7.) A: Change is necessary
B: Signing a bill into effect
C: Backlash over the content of the bill
This is negative punishment because I believe the Mike Pence’s approval rating and chances of getting reelected are going down, which is the removal of something good.

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32136892

Terms: antecedent, target behavior, consequence, negative reinforcement, negative punishment, aversive.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1. My topic for this reinforcement assignment was done over a topic that has to do with taxing junk food in the Navajo nation (reservation extending through Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico). This community has decided to add a $.02 additional tax onto all junk food and sugary beverages/energy drinks while ALSO selling healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables without any sales tax at all. The government on this reservation is reinforcing healthy eating behaviors by excluding taxes on all healthy food items. The government is very concerned due to a high rate of diabetes in the community, which is the reason for the higher taxes on all fried, junk, and sugary foods/beverages with little to no nutritional value. 2. The target behavior here would be setting a sales tax on junk food items. 3. The consequence of this behavior would be that the community would refrain from buying junk food and begin eating healthier. 4. As people begin to become healthier and see their friends and families eating healthier, they will want to do the same thing. 5. The consequence will involve the removal of something. 6. The antecedent would be a high rate of diabetes.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Concerned with diabetes
B= Raise sales tax on unhealthy foods/drinks
C= Community stop buying junk food
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
I believe this is a negative reinforcement. I believe this because raising the sales tax on these items means that these consumers have to pay more for their snacks, and it could in turn make them feel guilty for buying these junk foods.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
I believe this will involve establishing operations. I believe that the community will begin to view their health as much more of an important thing, and therefore they will refrain from continuing to buy these unhealthy snack foods and beverages.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/04/01/396607690/navajos-fight-their-food-desert-with-junk-food-and-soda-taxes

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1. The state of California is experiencing a 4-year drought that is sending the entire state into a state of emergency. The Governor has declared a state of emergency. He is calling for a total 25% reduction in water use across the state and also is calling for 50 million square feet of land to be replaced with “drought tolerant land”. 2. The target behavior here would be to save water. 3. The consequences of this action would be more water in storage for the rest of the state in the future. 4. This consequence will make people think of the long term when it comes to water usage. 5. This would involve the removal of some uses for water, such as watering the grass. 6. The antecedent is a shortage of water, or drought.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Drought
B= Reduce usage of water
C= More water in storage for future.
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This would be an example of negative punishment because the state is making people refrain from using their water for what they intend to use it for.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/04/01/396607690/navajos-fight-their-food-desert-with-junk-food-and-soda-taxes
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/01/396859879/california-governor-issues-1st-ever-statewide-mandatory-water-reductions

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Elicit, emit, negative punishment, positive punishment, behavior, antecedent, consequence.

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
This article is about how California is in a sever draught and has implemented the first mandatory water restrictions in the state’s history. They have had a serious decline in snow, which leads to not very much snow melting which is causing their draught to be so extreme. The behavior being targeted is to reduce water usage in the state mainly in larger cities. The consequence of using water at a normal rate will cause the state of California to dump thousands of dollars into water bills when they can be conserving it. This will alter the frequency of the behavior because it is a priority to California to water their crops rather than making sure grass is green. The consequence involved the removal or reduction of water usage. The antecedent would be living in California.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Living in California during the drought 

B=
reducing water usage statewide
C= saving water for the crops

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why. Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.

This would be a positive punishment because the governor has implemented (added) a bill to decrease the water usage, which can be averse for some. This is also extinction because it is reducing a behavior that was once enforced. Being able to use water whenever and however is reinforced be the freedom and once that is taken away even a little is now a punishment.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.

This article is about McDonalds and how they are raising their base wages as a whole company. They have listened to employee’s demands and are also introducing paid personal leave and financial assistance for completing their education. The target behavior would be to increase employee satisfaction. The consequence of this would be an increase in efficient work. If the employees are more satisfied and reinforced for their work they are more likely to do a better job. This consequence will increase the behavior of working well. This behavior involved the addition of the reinforcer. The antecedent would be being employed at a McDonalds in the US.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Employee at McDonalds in the US
B=
Getting wages increased
C= Performing at a higher level at work

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because the company is increasing (adding) the wages which are used to increase performance in the workplace. This is an example of establishing operations because they are altering the reinforcer so it will do a better job of reinforcing.

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32151413
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-32155616

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Negative punishment, Positive reinforcement, reinforcement, reinforcer, extinction, reinforcing, establishing operations.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
The title of this piece is a Virus In Your Mouth Helps The Flu. The thought was came about that a certain virus that almost half of Americans carry called CMV. CMV is a disease passed through bodily fluids. It was said that a lot of us pick it up as babies putting toys or other things in our mouth. It was previously thought that this disease only weakened the immune system. This was found to still be true with older adults, but for younger adults around age 20 or 30 actually helps strengthen the immune system. However, it still is a virus and can have some bad effects, but it still can help us.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
While it may not be the best idea, cause this disease can cause problems. Getting the disease and having a stronger immune system could considered positive reinforcement. The target behavior, which by the way no one is encouraging you to do it just is an example of something that can be reinforcing, is getting CMV
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
Strengthened immune system
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
If you contract the disease and you know you have it and you know your immune system is strengthened, it would increase the likelihood of someone trying to contract more diseases that would do the same (again don’t do this unless you know they would help).
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally
The addition of something desirable
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Being alive and having an immune system
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Being alive and having an immune system
B= Contracting the disease
C= Having a stronger immune system
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of positive reinforcement because it is the addition of something desirable which will increase the chances of it happening again
http://www.npr.org/blogs/goatsandsoda/2015/04/01/396397189/a-virus-in-your-mouth-helps-fight-the-flu

1)briefly describe/summarize your piece
This next piece was about a soccer player over in Europe was suspended for betting on games. The suspension has already been served and they were trying to get it extended, but it is over and he will not be any more.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
Betting on games
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
Being suspended and not getting to play
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
Playing the games is something desirable and when he emitting the gambling behavior, he broke the rules and they had no choice but to punish him. He wants to continue to play, so the suspension will decrease the likelihood of him emitting the behavior in the future.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The removal of something desirable
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Him having money to gamble
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Having money
B= Gambling
C= Suspension
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is negative punishment because it is the removal of something desirable, game time.
http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32152796

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Positive reinforcement, target behavior reinforcing, desirable, emitting, punish, negative punishment

Reinforcement:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
The article that I read was about a new advancement in blood tests of pregnant women to determine whether or not their child has down syndrome. This is an important advancement because women previously would have to have a needle take a sample from the placenta. The procedure has a risk of miscarriage so the new advancement will lessen the number of women who will have to undergo the invasive procedure.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior that I am using that illustrates a behavioral concept is the researchers continuing to work on and test their new development.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is that less women will have to undergo a procedure that is potentially dangerous and are more likely to receive accurate results about whether or not their child as down syndrome before he or she is born.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence will increase the frequency of the researchers testing their development because they want to protect the pregnant women and their unborn children from a miscarriage or a false positive.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of something, in this case it is information.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is that some women suffer from a miscarriage after undergoing an evasive procedure.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Women suffered from miscarriages after having a needle extract fluid from their placenta
B=Researchers are developing a new procedure in which blood is taken from a pregnant woman's arm and is tested to determine whether or not their child has down syndrome before they are born
C=Less women suffer from a miscarriage and have more accurate results about whether or not their child has down syndrome

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative reinforcement because it involves the removal of something aversive. In this case, it involves the removal of danger to a mother and her unborn child.


Punishment:
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
The article that I read was about six people being arrested for running a prostitution ring in Canada. They are suspected of illegally smuggling in almost 500 women from China and South Korea. There are also two more people that are currently being hunted down in connection to this prostitution ring.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior that is being punished in this article is running the prostitution ring in Canada and smuggling women into the country.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is that the people were arrested and went to jail.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior because the people are in prison so they are unable to continue to smuggle in women. It is also possible that being in prison will teach the people that what they have been doing is wrong or make them change their ways because prison is aversive and they don't want to return.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
This consequence involves the removal of something, freedom.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent to this behavior is the people running a prostitution ring.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=People are running a prostitution ring
B=People are smuggling women from China and South Korea into Canada through either the land border between the United States and Canada or through the airports
C=The people were arrested and went to jail

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of something desirable, in this case freedom.


When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32155187
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-32153941

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behavior, punished, consequence, behavior, aversive, antecedent, negative punishment, negative reinforcement


1) While I was searching one of the websites offered, I found one article that I thought would be interesting. It was about how a doctor in Arizona is now finding a way to reverse the abortion pill. When a woman becomes pregnant in order to have an abortion, she has to take a set of two pills. If she doesn’t take that second pill the doctor can eject her with progesterone, the hormone released during pregnancy, to reverse the abortion pill. This is for woman who become scared for different reasons once they first think about abortion as their answer. The doctor has done this to over 200 patients, 87 of them being successful deliveries.

2) The target behavior of this article would be that the mother would go to the doctor’s office to get a shot of progesterone.

3) The consequence of this behavior would be that she would be likely to deliver her baby after almost giving it up.

4) The consequence would change if she would have already taken the second abortion pill. Another one could also be if the doctor wasn’t in the 60% of successful deliveries with this one lady.

5) The consequence is the addition of a new baby. This would be adding something positive to most people lives.

6)The antecedent would be that the pregnant mother would be at a doctor’s office offering this ejection.

Please then list the ABC’s of the behavior
A= doctor’s office after taking first abortion pill
B= ejection of progesterone
C=possible way to deliver baby again

7) I believe that this is positive reinforcement because once people start hearing about this ejection, it will increase the likeliness of people doing it after their scare of taking the abortion pill. Some people will freak out and take the pill, then later realize that they shouldn’t have.

http://www.npr.org/2015/04/01/396871363/arizona-requires-doctors-to-say-abortion-pill-is-reversible


1) After doing an article on something I enjoy learning about, health, I decided I’d do it on something within sports. This article was about a man who plays Rugby got a concussion during one of his last games. He had to miss several games because of the injury. He is currently unsure when he will return.

2) The target behavior for this article would be the player getting a concussion.

3) The consequence would be that he couldn’t play in the next days until he is release so that he doesn’t injury himself any further.

4) The consequence of the behavior could be change if he would have played in the games. He could have injured himself even more.

5) The consequence of this could be the removal of something. He doesn’t get to do something that he worked hard for, playing in games.

6) The antecedent of this situation would be game day.

Please then list the ABC’s of the behavior
A=rugby game day
B=getting a concussion
C=not getting to play in the next couple games

7) This could be considered positive punishment because it is taking away something desired but it will increase the likeliness of him becoming more injured.

http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/rugby-union/32156390

Terminology: target behavior, consequence, antecedent, positive reinforcement, positive punishment

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at thebottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to reinforcement.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
The article that I chose to do for blog post #11 is called, “Do Girl Scout Cookies Still Make the World a Better Place?” This article questions the Girl Scouts of America’s ethics on selling fattening cookies for fundraising during a time of an obesity epidemic. The Girl Scouts aim to make the world a better place, but their selling of high-carb cookies is causing concern for health organizations. The health organizations are worried that the Girl Scouts organization is profiting from a public health concern.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior that this article is trying to attain is the decrease in the sales of the unhealthy, high-carb Girl Scout Cookies that happen to be very unhealthy for the population.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is to reduce the number of unhealthy cookies that is readily available to the public.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence of this behavior will lower the frequency of people eating unhealthy Girl Scout Cookies. This will occur if the people who do believe that these cookies are unhealthy, voice their opinion enough and win their argument, there will be less Girl Scout Cookies available.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something.
This consequence involves the removal of something. The thing that is being removed in this situation would be the Girl Scout Cookies.
6) tell us to the antecedent is
The antecedent would be the people being concerned with the unhealthiness of the Girl Scout Cookies.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= People concerned with unhealthiness of Girl Scout Cookies
B= Getting Girl Scouts to stop selling these cookies for fundraising
C= Decreasing the amount of Girl Scout Cookies being consumed by the average person

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This article would be an example of negative reinforcement, since it involves the removal of something (in this case the removal of Girl Scout Cookies from the general public). This could eventually lead to the extinction of Girl Scout Cookies.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page(http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article s about the death penalty conviction and the drugs that is usually used for lethal injection of inmates on death row. This article discusses taat it is becoming more difficult to execute people here in the United States. Many of the companies that sell these drug, have stopped selling them. This makes the cost of these drugs very expensive. Due to the prices going up, it makes it even more difficult to get. Because of this, in the United States where the death penalty is accepted, the prisons have to find another source. The sources that they are currently using instead are causing many complications. Some of these complications include taking longer for the prisoners to die. Another problem with this alternative drug is it is very painful for the inmates. The drug companies want the prisons to look into using gas chambers instead for the inmates that are on death row.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior would be the drug companies refusing to sell the drug that is often used for lethal injection. Making lethal injections more painful and difficult for the prisoners.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior would be an increase in the amount of time needed for death by injection and also an increase of pain for the inmates on death row.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence of the inmates taking longer to die and being in more pain, may have the drug companies change their mind about increasing the prices and making the drugs needed for lethal injection drugs more easily available again. However, this could take awhile before it happens.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of pain to the inmate on death row and also involves the addition of a prolonged death.
6) finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is prisoners on death row
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Prisoners on death row
B= Stopping of lethal injection drugs by drug companies
C= Painful deaths of inmates on death row
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This would be an example of negative reinforcement since it is the removal of the drug used for lethal injection.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/01/295748000/do-girl-scout-cookies-still-make-the-world-a-better-place
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/lethal-injection-drugs_n_4979654.html

Terms- target behavior, consequence, behavior, frequency, antecedent, ABC’s of behavior modification, negative reinforcement

1) The piece I looked at was about a German pilot who brought down a plane intentionally due to poor mental health. This has lead the airlines in America and institutes of mental health all over the country to take precaution and reevaluate how to go about psychologically assessing these individuals, to prevent these things from happening.
2) Making sure pilots are mentally healthy and stable. This is the target behavior because you want to increase good mental health and stability and decrease the amount of pilots hired who are psychologically unstable.
3) The consequence of the behavior of a mentally ill pilot is that plane crashes can occur, and other people can be injured or killed if these events were to occur.
4) Because this consequence has negative valence, such as, people being killed or hurt, the frequency to be cautious about who to hire as a pilot will increase and the likeliness for these airlines to make sure their pilots are 100% psychologically healthy will also increase.
5) It involves both. Your adding in more caution and care when it comes to hiring or evaluating and individual to be a pilot, based on psychological stability. But you're also removing the pilots who seem to be unfit or unhealthy for the job, or attend to their needs more often to remove the likeliness they will develop a mental disorder. 6) Pilots poor mental health.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Pilot has poor mental health.
B=Plane crash occurs due to psychological disorder.
C=More caution and reevaluation of pilot's mental health to ensure safety increases.

This is more positive reinforcement because it involves the addition of more emphasis on a pilots mental health when hiring to reinforce that they will stay healthy and safety is increased.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/04/01/396871339/germanwings-crash-highlights-workplace-approaches-to-mental-health

1) This piece talks about a new study being done showing that "night owls", or people who tend to stay up late, are more at risk to develop diabetes rather than people who get good sleep and are "early birds", or wake up early and rested.
2) The target behavior would be staying up late.
3) The consequence of staying up late is having a higher risk of health issues, specifically diabetes.
4) This consequence has negative valence so will work to decrease the behavior of staying up late and on the contrary increase the development of good sleeping habits.
5) This consequence would be adding in the higher risk of developing health issues, and risking the likeliness of having diabetes.
6) The antecedent would be the late hours of the night.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Night time.
B=Individual stays up late and is active during these times.
C=High risk for developing health disorders like diabetes.

This is an example of positive punishment. This is because we are adding in the risk of health as a result of the behavior in order to decrease the likeliness of it occurring. This means by adding in a risk of developing diabetes from sleep deprivation, this punisher will decrease the likelihood of those staying up late to continue to do so.

Terms: target behavior, consequence, behavior, negative valence, positive reinforcement, positive punishment.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-20667481
The article that I really took a liking to was about a monkey that was wearing a jacket and it was hanging out at Ikea! There was also a group of people that was surrounding the little jacket wearing monkey.
1. The target behavior would have to be the fact that there is a scared monkey that is darting back and forth.
2. The consequence of the behavior is that the people surrounding the monkey keep trying to catch him.
3. It will then increase the frequency of the target behavior because he is scared of the people initially trying to catch him.
4. The consequence involves the addition of more peoples’ attention.
5. Neglectful owner forget their monkey.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Neglectful owner forgot their monkey and now it is lost.
B= The monkey is frightened.
C= Surrounding people try to capture the little monkey.
This is positive punishment because adding stress to the poor little monkey and the neglectful owner will decrease the chances of it happening again.


The article that I really took a liking to was about a monkey that was wearing a jacket and it was hanging out at Ikea! There was also a group of people that was surrounding the little jacket wearing monkey.
1. The target behavior is that there is a rowdy crowd trying to capture a monkey.
2. The consequence of the behavior is that there is a frightened little monkey who is dashing around trying not to be caught.
3. It will then increase the frequency of the target behavior because the crowd wants to catch the monkey so if he is running away then they will try even harder.
4. The consequence involves the addition of more stress and fright brought on to the monkey.
5. Neglectful owner forget their monkey.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Neglectful owner forgot their monkey and now it is lost.
B= Crowds of people want to try to capture the monkey.
C= Now there is a scared frantic monkey trying to avoid capture.
This is positive reinforcement because the frantic monkey is only making the crowd want to increase their behavior of trying to catch the monkey before it gets hurt.

1. My article was about a writer named Andrei Codrescu and the praise he gets for reading a poem to a homeless man who is holding a sign that says, "will listen to poetry for free".

2. The target behavior I will be talking about is reading a sonnet to a homeless man.

3. The consequence is getting praise. After the poem had finished the homeless man said, "That's amazing!".

4. This reinforcement is certainly positive reinforcement. It is positive reinforcement because the consequence will increase the behavior of the behavior. The consequence made the writer feel good about performing the target behavior.

5. The consequence involves the addition of the homeless man telling the writer that his work was amazing.

6. The antecedent is seeing a homeless man holding the sign that said, "will listen to poetry for free".

A= Seeing homeless man with sign.
B= Reading sonnet to homeless man.
C= Receiving praise, "That's amazing"

This is an example of positive reinforcement because the target behavior was rewarded with praise which will increase its likelihood of happening in the future.

First source-
http://www.npr.org/2011/08/02/138935769/a-look-at-positive-reinforcement

1. This article talks about the punishment of professional athletes who get caught using steroids.

2. The target behavior of this article is using steroids.

3. The consequence for using steroids is to suspend the athlete from the sport.

4. This consequence will alter the behavior by hopefully reducing the likelihood of it reoccurring.

5. The consequence is negative punishment, they are taking the ability of playing their sport away from the athlete.

6. The antecedent is wanting to be better at a sport.

A= Wanting to be good at a sport
B= Taking steroids
C= Being suspended from the sport

This is an example of negative punishment, they are taking the ability to play the sport away from the athlete.

Second source-
http://www.npr.org/2005/08/10/4793602/crime-punishment-and-sports

Terms-
Positive reinforcement, negative punishment, behavior, antecedent, consequence, target behavior.

Reinforcement

1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece,
The article that I chose is “Is It Ok to Attend a Concert on a First Date?”. This article talks about the pros and cons of attending a concert on a first date. It's not always easy to have a getting-to-know-you chat while a band blares away nearby, but you're also alleviating some of the pressure to have what could turn out to be a nervous, stilted conversation.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
The target behavior is going to a concert on a first date.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of going to a concert on a first date is it alleviates pressure because you can enjoy the live music without forgoing conversation entirely.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
Because being in a concert can distract you and make you less nervous on your first date, the tendency to go to a concert on your every first date is higher in future.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence of going to a concert on a first date involves the removal of an undesirable stimulus (pressure), which then increases the chance of going to concerts on your first date in future.

6) Tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is first date.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= First date
B= Going to a concert
C= Alleviate pressure

8) Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.
This is an example of a negative reinforcement because it is increasing the target behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus which in this case is pressure. You will more likely go to a concert in the future when you have a first date because it will alleviate the pressure and make you feel less nervous. Therefore, going to a concert is reinforcing to you.

Punishment

9) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article is about Bahrain protesters rallying to mark the fourth anniversary of calling for reform in the tiny island nation. This protest was led by the Shiite majority that sought greater political right from the Western-allied Sunni monarchy. Authorities crushed the protests within weeks after getting help from Saudi and Emirati security forces. As a result of the protest, the focal point for the protest movement in the capital, Manama, was bulldozed as part of the initial crackdown and remains sealed off. Several prominent opposition activists were put in prison.

10) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept
The target behavior that illustrates punishment is the protest led by the Shiite majority to call for reform.

11) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the protest led by the Shiite majority to call for reform is protest being crushed by authorities, the protest venue was bulldozed and they were put in prison.

12) Tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
Being put in prison as a result of protesting will decrease the protesting behavior because of the intensity of the punishment.

13) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence of the behavior involves the addition of something undesirable. Protesting to call for reform puts the Shiite’s in prison by the authorities.

14) Tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is greater political right.

15) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Greater political right
B= Protest
C= Put in prison

16) Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment. Explain why.
This is an example of positive punishment because it involves the addition of an undesirable stimulus which is putting the Shiite protesters in prison in hope that they will stop protesting.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/allsongs/2015/02/14/386130750/the-good-listener-is-it-ok-to-attend-a-concert-on-a-first-date
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/14/bahrain-uprising-anniversary_n_6683652.html?utm_hp_ref=world

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behavior, consequence, undesirable stimulus, behavior, negative reinforcement, unpleasant stimulus, reinforcing, punishment, intensity, positive punishment.

The first article that I chose is about McDonald’s raising its pay by $1 for all of its employees. This shows reinforcement because McDonald’s is reinforcing the behaviors of the workers that were protesting.

The target behavior I am using is protesting.


The consequence for this behavior is that the employees get a pay raise.

This will likely raise the probability of the behavior happening again in the future.


The consequence involves the addition of something pleasant. In this situation it is money.

A= Low pay and undesirable working conditions
B=employees protesting
C= Employers giving raises

This is an example of positive reinforcement because the employers are adding something desirable as a consequence and whether they want it or not, is going to higher the potential for protesting about wages to happen again. I think this will encourage other employees at other establishments to protest about their wages too because of this happening at McDonald’s. They are operantley conditioning their workers to protest later down the line when the wages are not enough again. This might cause extinction for a while but spontaneous recovery will happen and this will be a vicious cycle for the company.

The video that I chose to represent punishment is called, “Here’s What Would Really Happen if You Stopped Bathing.” It talks about germs and bacteria that would grow on your skin and how you could get infections and diarrhea if you didn’t bathe because you would be eating bad bacteria and it would get caked on your skin and you would smell bad.
The target behavior that I want to look at is not bathing.
The consequence is getting very sick.
This involves the addition of something aversive.
Hopefully the consequence would make the person more likely to bathe. Not bathing would be an establishing operation for being clean because being clean would mean no more sickness.
The consequence involves the addition of something aversive which would be the sickness.
A=not having time to bathe
B=not bathing
C=getting sick

This is an example of positive punishment because it adding something aversive and will decrease the likelihood of the behavior happening again. After getting sick, the person might completely do a 180 and start over bathing or doing superstitious behaviors if they did not realize that bathing is what took away their sickness.

Websites: www.bbc.com/news/business-32155616

www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/30/what-happens-dont-bathe-video_n_6968700.html?cps=gravity_2689_373428199232288991


Terms: consequence, positive reinforcement, operant conditioning, extinction, spontaneous recovery, aversive, establishing operation, superstitious behaviors.

For your news I would like you to 

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

- For this blog I wanted to do a sports blog, related to tennis. I love playing this sport and since I have a pretty good knowledge about the sport, i found it pretty interesting. This topic is about Andy Murray and how he fought back from a set down to read the semi finals of the Miami Open. This victory definitely had a strong reinforcement that motivated murray to win the match. He has being recovering from a slow start, however practice and concentration were the key for a good comeback. 



2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far

- The target behavior of winning the match illustrated the behavioral concept of reinforcement and the desire of winning. The concept of reinforcement is the key of achieving the target behavior or winning, usually a reinforcer especially in sports are used to motivate and achieve the desire goals in this case of winning. 



3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

- The consequence of the behavior is winning the game. Without the reinforcement of concentrating in getting to the semi finals, winning the game could not have been possible. Murray put himself into break point positions and focusing between going for the winner points and to finish the point making the opponent play all the time and more tired. 



4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

- If there is not a reinforcer towards getting to the semi finals, then the consequence of winning could not have been achieve and therefore the player would have lost if he was not motivated enough. Instead of winning it could have been a hard loss. 



5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something

- The consequence involves the addition of more motivation and concentration to get to the final game. So in this case is not only winning the semi finals but as a reinforcer adding the option of getting to the final acts as a motivation for the player to win the next game. 



6) tell us to the antecedent is.

- The antecedent in this case is how the player did not start winning but because he realized what he was capable of he change the story of the game later on. 

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Started loosing the game

B= Got motivated to get to the semi finals and getting himself into break point positions.

C= Winning the game, look forward to the semi finals and later to the finals. 


Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.

- This is a example of a positive reinforcement because winning the game means that the player will get to a better position, the semi finals, and will have the opportunity getting to the finals. Therefore, motivation is added as a reinforcer that if the player wins, there will be a big price or a title for himself, a reward. 


Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.

- Extinction will occur eventually once the tournament is done. However, the reinforcer might not extinct at all because it may encourage the player to keep participating in other tournaments and keep enhancing his performance. 



http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/tennis/32156230


NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.

For your news I would like you to 


1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

- This topic is about exercise and health. This post focus on how if you walk a little faster, can make you get the most of your exercise. Some people are very busy everyday with work, classes or different tasks. Therefore, they don't have the time to actually go and have an specific time to workout. However, whenever we have the opportunity of walking if we put a little more effort into it, we may be able to even exercise more, burn more calories and be more healthy in our everyday life. 



2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept

- The target behavior is to increase the intensity when walking. There where two groups that wear measured differently by 31 minutes. One in high intensity and the other in lower intensity. The lower intensity women burned 180 calories and the high intensity burned 360calories. So double the amount. 



3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

- The consequence of the behavior is increasing our health and our lifestyles, reducing obesity, chronic diseases of diseases that may be caused by the disease. 



4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

- The consequence will definitely have a big impact in our health. It may lower the cholesterol, our pressure, and improve our health overall which will bring big benefits to ourself physically and mentally. 



5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 

- The consequence definitely involves the addition of something. This is adding extra effort to reach the high intensity level and increasing the burned calories for 31 minutes over a period of time. 



6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Walking at a normal pace.

B= Increasing the intensity of the walk.

C= Increasing our health physically and mentally. 


Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.

- This is an example of a positive punishment. Because We are adding a lot of effort to increase the intensity. At the beginning it may seem painful, we may get tired and it may be seen as a punishment, however in a long term it will reduce the habit of walking slow therefore always increasing the behavior of getting more healthy by little steps. 



http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/02/390230746/walk-a-little-faster-to-get-the-most-out-of-your-exercise-time

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.


Antecedent, behavior, consequence, emit, elicit, punishment, positive punishment, reinforcer, positive reinforcer, extinction, target behavior.

Reinforcement
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,

The article I found is from huffingtonpost.com, and it is called “Congress Passes Bill for Adverting Medicare Pay Cut For Doctors.” In this article a bill was averted for the pay cuts of doctors. This is the 17th time that there has been a temporary fix for this issue, rather than readjusting the formula, so it is current with the costs of living, the services they provide, and their skills and knowledge.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far,

The target behavior is to keep doctors working with patients who are in the Medicare insurance program.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence of this congressional approval is that doctors are more likely to stay in the program.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

As referred to in the article, the this will continue to increase the times that legislators will agree to a temporary “doc fix,” which is essentially what they are doing, rather than agreeing to a permanent bipartisan replacement of the formula that was created in 1997. This is the 17th time this has been done.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally

The consequence involves the addition of keeping doctors in the program and there has also been an increase of individuals in the Medicare program.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

In this example, the antecedent is the Senate deciding whether to give or not give congressional approval of a pay cut.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Senate
B= Votes to avert a pay cut for doctors with Medicare patients
C= Doctors will stay in the program

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.

The example I have provided demonstrates positive reinforcement, because Congress continues to make temporary fixes to replacing the formula. Whenever this issue becomes addressed again, Congress will most likely emit the response of a simple, quick fix, rather than creating a new formula for the pay doctors receive.

Tell us if it involves extinction, establishing operations, use as many terms from the chapters we have already covered as you can.

There is an establishing operation in this article, and it is guaranteeing that there are no pay cuts for doctors who work with and treat patients of Medicare. An establishing operation is an adjustment to the environment to increase the chance that the reinforcer is reinforcing for the organism. Extinction is not occurring in this example. If budget cuts were going to happen, it would be aversive for the doctors, and may elicit the response of the doctors quitting. As a consequence, sick patients would not get the appropriate care they require, and it may not be as thorough. Being sick is a behavioral class, but going to the doctor serves as a functional behavioral class due to the individuals having different illnesses and needing a different type of medical assistance. If the client receives a prescription it is on a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement. This is because he or she may not always need medication/receive continuous reinforcement, but when they do receive medication, it is reinforcing for them to continue to see a doctor when they do not feel well. Thus, they will emit the response of returning to their physician, so they are capable of experiencing a desirable consequence of feeling healthy and well.

Punishment
For your news I would like you to,

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece

For the punishment portion of this topical blog, I used a video clip from Huffingtonpost.com called “Colleen Cudney’s Facebook Post Could Land Her In Jail.” Cudney is currently on probation for her recent DUI, and she is not to be consuming alcohol. This video clip goes on to talk about how she made a post on Facebook how she had passed a breathalyzer test after a night of drinking.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept

The target behavior is to have Cudney not drink while she is on probation.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is

The consequence of the Cudney’s behavior is that she may serve a jail sentence for violation of her probation, and she was to take a urinalysis.


4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior

The consequence of going to jail is aversive, so it should decrease Cudney’s behavior of drinking (or possibly just posting about her drinking on Facebook).
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally.

The consequence involves the addition of something.

6) tell us to the antecedent is

The antecedent is the police saw this woman’s post on Facebook.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Police saw post on Facebook
B= Woman made a post about it on Facebook about drinking
C= She may serve a jail sentence


Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.


The article is an example of positive punishment, because it involves the addition of something undesirable. In this case, it would be serving jail time. This may also cause her to be on probation longer and have difficulty securing employment in the future. Having a job is something that has extrinsic value in our culture. Although drinking may have some sort of intrinsic value to Cudney, hopefully the punishment will decrease the frequency of her emitting the behavior of drinking.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/31/congress-medicare-pay-cut_n_5065919.html
http://live.huffingtonpost.com/r/archive/segment/colleen-cudneys-facebook-post-could-land-her-in-jail/53399028fe3444041d00001b?cn=tbla
Terms: target behavior, consequence, antecedent, ABCs, behavior, positive reinforcement, establishing operation, reinforcer, reinforce, organism, extinction, aversive, elicit, response, behavioral class, functional behavioral class, variable ratio schedule of reinforcement, continuous reinforcement, emit, desirable, punishment, positive punishment, extrinsic value, intrinsic value, frequency

The article that I chose to write about is about how a bee sting saved someone’s life. Ellie was diagnosed with Lyme’s disease and she struggled with it for 15 years. She was ready to give up and so she moved to California. One day when she was out with her caretaker she was attacked by bees. As a child, she had found out that she was deathly allergic to bees. She did not let her caretaker take her to the doctor because she saw it as a sign of her time to go. She did not die. She survived and now is free of the Lyme’s disease. How this relates to reinforcement is kind of a stretch but I thought it would be fun to analyze. The target behavior in this article is the bee sting. The consequence of this behavior is that she lived and was cured. So now she is thankful for bee’s instead of in fear of them. This is reinforcing because it cured her of her lyme’s disease so she has continued to give herself bee stings. So the reinforcement was negative because it is the removal of something aversive. The antecedent in this example is being outside.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Outside
B= Bee sting
C= cured

This is an example of negative reinforcement because it removes something aversive, in this case the Lyme’s disease, and reinforces her to believe in the power of venom and bees. There is an example of a ratio schedule. After she was cured she began to give herself doses of the venom on a fixed interval schedule and she was able to adjust this to the point where she did not have to use the venom anymore.

The news article that I chose to write about is from the NPR website. It was about how Obama has created a way to possibly put sanctions on cybercriminals. I thought that this was very interesting because the US is now the first country to come up with a plan like this. Living in our generation, I am not surprised that this is a plan of action. The target behavior in here is criminal activity. The consequence will be a sanction which includes the denial of US visas, put on a watch list, and ban them from the US financial system. The goal of the consequence is to decrease the frequency of the criminal activity on the internet. The consequence involves adding something. The antecedent is the internet.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Internet
B= Criminal activity
C= sanctions
This is an example of positive punishment because Obama is adding something aversive in order to try and decrease the amount of activity from cybercriminals.
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20150327-how-a-bee-sting-saved-my-life
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/01/396811276/u-s-creates-first-sanctions-program-against-cybercriminals
Terms: antecedent, target behavior, consequence, punishment, reinforcement, schedules of reinforcement, fixed ratio

For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=black criminal stereotype
B=Remove propaganda
C=black criminal stereotype removed
Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why
Negetive Reinforcement.

I read “Fear of Black Men in America” and the article seems pretty relevant for problems that are still showing up today. The video tries to illustrate that since the 1970’s black people have had open discrimination and bias propaganda in the news. I believe that a negative reinforcement is needed in that society’s view of the criminal black stereotype has to go. Lifting this stereotype will decrease the likelihood of the behavior of police officers racially profiling people who are just in their American skin, This removes the negative stereotype that black people are criminals.


Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Women hiding domestic abuse
B=Police policy change
C=More women helping police solve domestic abuse crimes
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
Positive Reinforcement

The next article I read was about a domestic abuse policy that the governor passed in Arkansas. The “Laura Laws” are named after a woman who was killed by her boyfriend while he was out on parole. These laws require police that are responding to a domestic violence call must ask the woman a set of questions in order to assess the amount of danger she is in. The questions include “Is there a gun in the house?” “Does your husband have a passed of abuse?” I believe that Arkansas used positive reinforcement to tackle a problem that arose in their state. I believe it is positive reinforcement because it is increasing the likelihood that an abused woman will emit a help seeking behavior. If the women is not ready to seek help, it also increases the likelihood of the officer knowing about how much danger the person is in. Because it increasing the likelihood of a behavior because of adding something positive, it is positive reinforcement

Negetive Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement, behavior, emit


http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2015/04/01/396792223/the-fear-of-black-men-in-america-how-it-feels-to-be-a-problem

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/01/arkansas-domestic-violence_n_6970902.html

Navajos Fight Their Food Desert With Junk Food And Soda was the article I chose to read. This article is about the Navajo Nation, which is a 27,000-square-mile reservation extending into Utah, Arizona and New Mexico will carry an additional 2-cent sales tax on products like cheese puffs and energy drinks. Since October, fresh fruits and vegetables there have been tax-free. The target behavior is taxing the junk food. The consequence of this behavior is more expensive food that is not good for you. The consequence will lead to people buying less junk food and more healthy food. The consequence involves the addition of something. The antecedent is the grocery store.
A= Grocery Store
B= Higher taxes on junk food
C= Less junk food is bought
I would say that this is an example of negative reinforcement because there is a removal of something aversive (less junk food bought), with an increasing frequency of this behavior (buying less junk food). This example uses a fixed ratio of reinforcement when it deals with the additional 2 cents added to junk food and healthy food being tax-free. When looking at the consequence I would say that there is a variable interval of people that buy less junk food and people who don’t all the time.
Children’s hospital builds sleep app was the article I chose to read about for this assignment. The article is about children from the ages of 0-16 are not always getting the correct amount of sleep and that the doctors are getting overwhelmed with parents who bring their kids in to see what they should do to better their child’s sleeping patterns. The article explains the app as type of an informative devise where parents can write in about their child’s sleeping patterns and the app tells you what you should do to help fix the sleeping problems. This app was made to keep people from going to see the doctor, to give doctors more time for other patients, not to make money. The target behavior is parents using the sleep app. The consequence would be the parents not going to see the doctor. The consequence will affect the behavior of the parents and child using the app in a way of boosting the frequency of the usage. The consequence involves the removal of going to see the doctor as frequent. The antecedent is having a sleeping disorder.
A= A sleeping disorder
B= Using the app
C= Less frequent visits to the doctor
This is an example of negative reinforcement because there is a removal of something an aversive (going to see the doctor), and an increase frequency of using the app and not going to see the doctor.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2015/04/01/396607690/navajos-fight-their-food-desert-with-junk-food-and-soda-taxes
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-32150528
negative reinforcement, antecedent, consequence, reinforcement

1. The article that I read talked about how magic tricks can help babies and toddlers learn. The article explained two separate magic tricks shown to toddlers. The first one showed a ball rolling down a ramp and seemingly “roll through a wall”. They showed two separate groups, one where the ball supposedly went through the wall, and the other where the ball stopped at the wall. When given the ball to the toddlers, researchers found that the toddlers who saw the magic trick were more interested in the ball. The interest showed that the toddlers were wanting to learn more about it. The second magic trick was a toy truck being pushed on a ledge. It was then pushed off the ledge, but seemingly stayed afloat to one group. The other group, the car stopped at the edge of the ledge. Again, when the toddlers were given the truck, the group that were shown the magic trick showed more interest in learning.

2. The target behavior being shown in this article is the interest in learning of objects from magic tricks.

3. The consequence of this behavior is children learning more about the object and magic tricks.

4. The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because it will help the children learn more and therefore increasing their interest in objects and magic tricks.

5. The consequence involves the addition of interest for the children. This is an example of positive reinforcement as it involves the addition of something.

6. The antecedent is the performance of the magic trick.
A= performance of the magic trick
B= children interested and playing with objects
C= increased learning interest in children

As stated above, this is an example of positive reinforcement as it includes the addition of a reward for the children. The reward is learning about objects and having a higher interest in learning.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/ed/2015/04/02/396812961/why-babies-love-and-learn-from-magic-tricks

1. The article that I read talked about the United States’ deal with Iran in order to help prevent them from creating nuclear weapons. The U.S. made an agreement with the Iran Prime Minister for them to monitor the amount of uranium and plutonium Iran uses. This monitorization will help reduce Iran’s radioactive elements by 2/3’s. In return, Iran will have economic sanctions lifted that had crippled the country so much.

2. The target behavior is the United States’ monitorization of radioactive elements in Iran.

3. The consequence of the behavior is the lifting of economic sanctions on Iran made by the U.S.

4. The consequence will increase the frequency of deals made with the U.S. about economic and nuclear issues. The reason it will increase the frequency is because Iran was reinforced with the lifting of economic sanctions in reward for the making a deal with the U.S.

5. The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable.

6. The antecedent of the behavior is the United States and Iran sitting down the make a deal.

A= Iran and U.S. sitting to make a deal
B= Iran allowing U.S. to monitor radioactive elements in their country
C= U.S. lifts economic sanctions on Iran

This is an example of negative reinforcement as it is the removal of something undesirable for Iran.

http://www.psychologicalscience.com/bmod/2013/08/topical-blog-week-11-due-wednesday.html#_login

Terms: behavior, reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, target behavior, antecedent, consequence, reward

My mistake wrong URL for the second article

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32172301
There is new one.

1. I found an article relating to reinforcement that details how Oregon and Washington's marijuana laws have produced substantial tax money as a result of its legalization. Other states are beginning to take notice of the high revenue each state is bringing in.

2. The target behavior would be a state legalizing marijuana.

3. The consequence of the behavior would be added state revenue (more $)

4. Since we have observed first hand the consequences of legalization in two states already, more states will take notice and begin to pass laws.

5. The consequence of legalizing marijuana results in the addition of something positive ($)

6. The antecedent would be approving the bill.

A= bill approved
B= marijuana legalized
C= more state revenue
This is an example of positive punishment because it results in the addition of something positive ($) to increase a behavior. However it is important to note that the increase in the behavior does not pertain to the state who just legalized marijuana. Instead the consequence affects states who are considering legalization because they are reinforced by the prospect of money. In every sense of the word, money is a generalized secondary reinforcer. Obtaining money allows us the freedom to purchase primary reinforcers at our leisure. In this example, states would increase state revenue and be able to reinforce themselves with being able to afford to pass better initiatives.
1. For the punishment portion of this topical blog, I used a video clip from Huffingtonpost.com called “Colleen Cudney’s Facebook Post Could Land Her In Jail.” Cudney is currently on probation for her recent DUI, and she is not to be consuming alcohol. This video clip goes on to talk about how she made a post on Facebook how she had passed a breathalyzer test after a night of drinking.
2. The target behavior is to have Cudney not drink while she is on probation.
3. The consequence of the Cudney’s behavior is that she may serve a jail sentence for violation of her probation, and she was to take a urinalysis.
4. The consequence of going to jail is aversive, so it should decrease Cudney’s behavior of drinking (or possibly just posting about her drinking on Facebook).
5. The consequence involves the addition of something.
6. The antecedent is the police saw this woman’s post on Facebook.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Police saw post on Facebook
B= Woman made a post about it on Facebook about drinking
C= She may serve a jail sentence
Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
The article is an example of positive punishment, because it involves the addition of something undesirable. In this case, it would be serving jail time. This may also cause her to be on probation longer and have difficulty securing employment in the future. Having a job is something that has extrinsic value in our culture. Although drinking may have some sort of intrinsic value to Cudney, hopefully the punishment will decrease the frequency of her emitting the behavior of drinking.

reinforcement: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/02/marijuana-prohibition-ending_n_5065594.html
punishment: http://live.huffingtonpost.com/r/archive/segment/colleen-cudneys-facebook-post-could-land-her-in-jail/53399028fe3444041d00001b?cn=tbla

Terms: target behavior, consequence, antecedent, ABCs, behavior, positive reinforcement, establishing operation, reinforcer, reinforce

1) This article is an interview between an interested goat-obsessed blogger and an animal/crop science professor at North Carolina State about using goats to get rid of weeds in crops. This blogger’s interest elicited him to emit the behavior of interviewing the professor 2) The target behavior that I am looking at is “ordering goats from amazon.com as a service to eliminate weeds. 3) The consequences of this behavior is having fewer weeds in your yard. 4)This consequence is an example of negative reinforcement, because something is being taken away (weeds) in order to increase the behavior of using goats to clean up your yard. 5) This involves the removal of something aversive. 6) The antecedent is having a lot of weeds in your yard.
A= Have a lot of weeds in your back yard
B= Rent a goat from amazon.com to eat weeds
C= Have a clean and nice looking back yard
This is an example of negative reinforcement, because something aversive is being taken away. If a person hired these goats to clean up his yard but they did not do any work and he didn’t receive a reward, it would be an example of extinction. It is unlikely that an extinction burst would occur, because goats are expensive to rent and if they aren’t doing their job then there is no point in wasting the money. However, if the goats do their job properly then every time they are rented you will be reinforced, which is an example of continuous reinforcement. This would build a strong positive contingency and give goat renting a positive valence.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/goatsandsoda/2015/04/06/397879410/go-ahead-little-goat-eat-some-poison-ivy-it-wont-hurt-a-bit
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page(http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.
For your news I would like you to 1) briefly describe/summarize your piece, 2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept, 3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is, 4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior, 5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something, finally 6) tell us to the antecedent is.
1) This article is about how lost luggage from connecting flights is found. A French actress gives her insight about a time when her luggage was lost, and describes what can be done to get it back. There is now an online system called “World Tracer” that has an inventory of all lost and found luggage, and matches reports in order to get it back to its rightful owner. 2) The target behavior that I am using to illustrate the concept is “using World Tracer to retrieve your luggage”. 3) The consequence of this behavior is getting your luggage returned to you so vacation isn’t incredibly stressful. 4) This consequence will likely increase the use of World Tracer because people will know that it is a reliable way to get your luggage back. 5) This situation involves the addition of something positive (luggage). And 6) the antecedent of this behavior is losing your luggage.
Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Losing your luggage
B= Using “World Tracer” to retrieve your luggage
C= Getting your luggage back
This is an example of positive reinforcement, because something with a positive valence is being added and it will increase the frequency of the target behavior.
Unfortunately, not all luggage is recovered. Reinforcement for finding your luggage is likely on a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement, where about 1 in every X pieces of luggage is retrieved. One way to prevent this from happening is to look for airline reviews and use them as a discriminative stimulus. Other people who have flown on this particular airline might leave nasty reviews about how their luggage was lost and no help was offered to recover it. Because this is a very uncommon occurrence, it is unlikely that extinction or extinction bursts will occur.
http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-32166737When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

Terms: consequence, elicit, emit, aversive, reward, negative reinforcement, extinction, extinction burst, continuous schedule of reinforcement, contingency, valence, variable ratio, discriminative stimulus

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece
This article was about how the original manuscript for the song American Pie was sold for $1.2 million.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates a behavioral concept we have studies so far
I am using the target behavior of selling the song lyrics.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is getting a lot of money.
4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior
The consequence could make the writer of the song want to write/sell more hits because he could receive a ton of money by eliciting this behavior.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the addition of money… a large amount of money at that.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be writing a song.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Writing a song
B= Selling lyrics
C= Getting money

Now state if this is an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction etc. Explain why.
This would be an example of positive reinforcement because there is an addition of a pleasurable thing.

Punishment
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece,
Basically, this piece is about how visibly pregnant girls at a school is Sierra Leone are being banned from continuing at this school because their visible pregnant belly can corrupt the innocent girls that are trying to learn (what they are arguing).

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates the concept,
I would say that the target behavior that I am choosing to focus on from this piece is getting pregnant.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior would be getting kicked out of school.

4) tell us how, that consequence will alter the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will alter the frequency of other girls getting pregnant because if they want to continue with their schooling, they cannot get pregnant, so maybe the girls attending this school will be more careful and less will become pregnant. I believe that the school is trying to force the extinction of the behavior of getting pregnant. They do not want the girls to emit this behavior.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something or if it involves the removal of something
The consequence involves the removal of their education.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be I guess having sex.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Having sex
B= Becoming pregnant
C= Kicked out of school

Now state if this is an example of positive punishment, or negative punishment, etc. Explain why.
This is an example of negative punishment because they are removing the girls from school (negative) and the removal from the school is aversive to these girls because they want an education (punishment).

When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
1. http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-322085842. http://www.npr.org/blogs/goatsandsoda/2015/04/06/397272538/visibly-pregnant-girls-are-banned-from-school-in-sierra-leone

Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
target behavior, consequence, frequency, antecedent, negative punishment, aversive, extinction, eliciting, pleasurable, emit

1) This article had to do with Jeremy Clarkson. As you may know, Clarkson was recently fired from BBC's popular TV show Top Gear after he physically assualted a producer on set. This article stated that while he was fired from the show, he has not been banned from appearing on other BBC shows. In addition, it has been announced that Clarkson will now be a host on the TV show Have I Got News For You.
2) The target behavior would be that Clarkson will continue to physically assault people on set.
3) In this case, the consequence of his behavior is that he received minimal punishment. There were no charges pressed against him, and he is still being hired and allowed to continue as an actor.
4) The fact that Clarkson got away with assaulting a coworker will increase the likelihood that he will be violent again in the future should he lose his temper.
5) It involves the removal of negative repercussions for his actions, (ie, criminal charges, being banned from TV, etc.)
6) The Antecedent is that Clarkson lost his temper.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Clarkson gets mad
B=Clarkson physically assaults a producer
C=Clarkson experiences minimal repercussions for his actions

This is an example of negative punishment because it involves the removal of something unpleasant.


NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic or concept we have studies so far.

1) The article that I chose was about Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, who was the man responsible for the bombing at the Boston Marathon. This article stated that he was found guilty on all counts. He has now been sentenced and may face the death penalty.
2) The target behavior is that Tsarnaev will discontinue his terroristic behavior.
3) The consequence of his behavior is that he has been sentenced to life in prison, and may face the death penalty.
4) The consequence will decrease the likelihood of him emitting the behavior again in the future due to the introduction of an averse stimulus.
5) It involves the introduction of something negative.
6) The antecedent is the Boston Marathon.

Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A=Boston Marathon
B= Man plants and detonates bomb
C=man is sentenced to life in prison

This is positive punishment bacause it involves the addition of something negative.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/08/398322302/jury-reaches-verdict-in-boston-bombing-trial
http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-32214799

Terms: negative, positive, punishment, reinforcement, reinforcer, antecedent, averse, stimulus, emmit, behavior

1) The article that I am using for this blog assignment is about a superstitious coastal town that bans whistling. This town believed that by doing this they would have good weather.

2) The target behavior that I am using is the ban on whistling which is an example of superstitious behavior.

3) The consequence of this behavior would be having good weather.

4) The consequence of having good weather would increase the frequency of this ban to extend the duration of the ban.

5) The consequence is the addition of a desirable stimulus and that is good weather.

6) The antecedent is the Scottish Traditional Boat Festival

A = Scottish Traditional Boat Festival
B = Ban on whistling
C = Good weather

This is an example of positive reinforcement because the addition of a desirable stimulus would increase the likelihood of the target behavior.

1) The article that I am using for this section is about the verdict on Salman Khan’s hit-and-run which after 13 years reaches the final verdict.

2) The target behavior that I am using is Salman Khan’s hit-and-run.

3) The consequence of the behavior is Salman Khan gets 5 years in prison

4) This involves the addition of an aversive stimulus which is jail time.

5) This will definitely reduce the frequency of Salman Khan repeating his earlier response which was hit-and-run

6) The antecedent is the Salman Khan trial

A = Salman Khan trial
B = hit-and-run by Salman Khan
C = He gets 5 years in prison

This is an example of positive punishment because the consequence is the addition of an aversive stimulus that will reduce the frequency of the target behavior.

Reinforcement: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/7439771.stm

Punishment: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-32611490

Terms: target behavior, consequence, reinforcement, superstitious behavior, antecedent, desirable stimulus, ABC, positive reinforcement, aversive stimulus, frequency.

Megan Hasley
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article that I chose focused on the fact that China was not the first country that tried to manipulate the amount of children that families were having. France was actually the first country that tried to manipulate behavior of its citizens, but instead of trying to reduce the number of children each family was having, they wanted to increase the amount of children being born in the 1900’s.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustratesyour topic,
The target behavior that this article focused on was a reduction in the amount of children born in china and an influx in the amount of children born in France.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
There were numerous consequences that affected the Chinese as a result of their one child per family rule. It lead to many families wanting to have male children, but this created a bigger problem because there are not enough females for the males to have their own families with.
In France the government offered to pay families bonuses for each child that was born, this lead to an increase in their population as a whole.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequences in china led to a reduction in children overall. The consequences in France were that more children were born.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
In china the consequence involved the removal of something desirable, but in France the consequence lead to the addition of something desirable.
6) Tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent was that in china there were too many people for the country to withstand. In France the antecedent was that there were not enough people according to the French government.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Reduction of children: china was becoming overpopulated so the government decided to make public policy to influence the number of people that were inhabiting the country. Influx: the government of France wanted to grow their population, so they also decided to make public policy decisions that would influence the number of people that inhabited the country.
B= the reduction or influx of babies born to each family.
C= reduction: this led to many unwanted female children and abortions. Influx: this led to many families having more children in order to get the monetary bonuses that were offered by the government.
For your news I would like you to
8) Briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
My next article described how one town was able to stop the spread of the Black Death. The people in the town knew that they had to quarantine the sick to prevent the spread of the Black Death. The people of this time had very little medical knowledge, but they were still able to prevent the Black Death from continuing to spread even more throughout the rest of Europe and potentially the rest of the world.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior in this situation was stopping the Black Death from spreading any further.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior was that the Black Death was stopped, and it no longer continued to infect anyone else.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence would end the behavior because there would be no black death to stop anymore.
12) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of an undesirable stimulus.
13) Tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent was that the Black Death spread throughout cities.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= the antecedent was that the Black Death spread throughout cities.
B=the behavior was that this town tried to stop the black death from spreading any more
C=the consequence is that the Black Death was actually halted.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/10/31/453192326/who-was-the-first-to-try-to-manipulate-birthrates-not-china
http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20151026-the-sleepy-village-that-stopped-the-black-death
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Antecedent, consequence, behavior, manipulate, target behavior, stimulus

BNC
What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to something we have covered so far and that you can apply the ABC's of behavior to.
For your news I would like you to
1)briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article, “If The Shoe Fits: The Rise Of The Stylish Comfort Shoe” by Shereen Marisol Meraji explains how the older you get the more important the comfort of shoe gets compared to the style. Meraji discussed that there are more options of stylish comfortable shoes in today’s fashion but they are outrageously expensive.
2)tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
Buy shoes that have both comfort and style.
3)tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Older and healthier bodies in fashion more.
4)tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
With older people noticing their body not aching after being on their feet all day and still being in style, this will increase the frequency of the behavior of buying shoes with both comfort and style.
5)tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves something desirable.
6)tell us to the antecedent is.
Before buying shoes that were comfortable and stylish, individuals were more important on style and had a hard time moving over to comfortable old lady shoes. I would say the antecedent is hurting feet while having shoes in style.
7)Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Hurting feet from stylish shoes
B= Buying shoes with comfort and style
C= Healthy body that doesn’t ache
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to
8)briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
“Americans Are Using More Prescription Drugs; Is Obesity To Blame?” by Alison Kodjack is the article I chose to do this assignment over. This article reviews a study done by Harvard’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health to show the rise in prescription drugs and the rise in also the multiple number of meds. The article then goes on and discusses how there is also an increase in obesity and they may be related to do things such as diabetes and high blood pressure and cholesterol.
9)tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
Decrease number of prescription drugs individuals take per day.
10)tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Healthier lifestyle by losing weight.
11)tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of having a healthier lifestyle by losing weight will change the frequency of the behavior, taking multiple drugs per day, because the will notice their body changing and feel better about themselves. Individuals will gain confidence and not rely on their prescription.
12)tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves an addition of something desirable because they will be losing weight.
13)tell us to the antecedent is.
Before changing their behavior, they are obese and relying on their multiple prescription drug intake is the antecedent.
14)Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Obese and multiple drugs per day
B=Decrease number of prescription drug intake per day
C=Healthier lifestyle by losing weight from not relying on drugs
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
15) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/2015/11/03/453209136/if-the-shoe-fits-the-rise-of-the-stylish-comfort-shoe
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/03/454241609/americans-are-using-more-prescription-drugs-is-obesity-to-blame
16) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence, Target Behavior.

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to something we have covered so far and that you can apply the ABC's of behavior to.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
My topic is looking at the rises in prescription medicatation and as to if they are a contributing factor to obesity among adult Americans. It was found that these rises have raised by about 50% since the 90’s. One thing that the article talks about is how often doctors are starting to prescribe medications, especially to adults. It is now found that it isn’t uncommon for individuals to be taking at least five daily prescription medications. This is something that doesn’t really surprise me. As a person with a health condition, I currently take about thirteen pills every morning, but I have previously made it up to about eighteen per day. As a result of taking these medications daily I’ve had numerous other heath issues. I think that this is something that would should really start paying attention to and try to find other things besides giving a person medication for every complaint they have.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior for this article is medication uses rising among Americans.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
There are many consequences associated with this behavior, but some of the specific ones are drug interactions and obesity rates rising.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
I’m not sure that doctors will stop prescribing medicines. I think that they give you medicine for anything now a days.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This consequence involves the addition of something undesirable, weight gain.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
In this case I think the antecedent could vary but, something along the lines of not feeling well or going to the doctor for some reason.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Going to the doctor B=Taking medications C=Weight gain
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
In my second article, it was looking at a large underground landfill fire that has been spreading in Saint Louis for years now but is just recently starting to get dangerously close to a nuclear waste site. This is something that apparently many people haven’t heard about, even those close to the situation. I think this should open our eyes a bit to the issues associated with leaving nuclear plants so close to housing developments. One thing that this article also talked about was that there may soon be buyouts for the houses in the near by neighborhood.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
A burning fire near a nuclear waste plant

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence could be deadly. Radon particles and nuclear waste would be released into the air.

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
If this fire reaches this consequence, I think people will start to pay more attention to similar situations like this and react early, rather than waiting for a response such as this one to occur.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This consequence involves the addition of an undesirable situation.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is having a nuclear waste station near housing areas (somewhere it shouldn’t be).

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Nuclear waste station B=Fires spreading dangerously close to this waste station.
C= A nuclear explosion near housing areas.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/03/454241609/americans-are-using-more-prescription-drugs-is-obesity-to-blame

http://www.npr.org/2015/11/03/454010066/landfill-fire-threatens-nuclear-waste-site-outside-st-louis
Terms used: antecedent, consequence, behavior, target behavior, and undesirable.

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is: My first article is about how a study finds American diets to be poor but are improving. They talk about how American’s are starting to emit healthier eating habits but how our diets still remain poor. During the study they measure the intake of how many fruit, vegetables and whole grains that one would consume as long with unhealthy foods like sweetened beverages and processed meats. Then they also looked at the rates of premature deaths and disease from a different study. The researchers said that the average healthy-eating score increased from 39.9 to 48.2 over the study period and the highest score was 110.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic: The target behavior I am using that illustrates my topic would be healthy eating habits.
3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is: Without healthy eating habits we are at risk for diseases and an unhealthy living style which can cause aversive or salient relationships with people that surround you.
4) Tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior: Most people want to live a long healthy life but are not emitting the required behaviors to do so. Also, people desire to have pleasurable relationships with others so they may want to change their eating habits so they can live a healthier life style.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable:
I believe that the consequence is adding something desirable because it will add a healthy living style, they may lose weight (which raises their self esteem), they may form stronger relationships with others. But I also believe that is may remove something undesirable too by taking away sugared pops, fast foods, processed meats, etc. Which may be very difficult for some people especially those who are always on the go.
finally
6) tell us to the antecedent is: America
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=America
B= Eating unhealthy
C= disease or risk of life

For your news I would like you to
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is: This article is about how an 18 year old girl from Australia used to make money off of her posts on social media because of how “beautiful” she was and for her posting how “perfect” her life was. She had noticed that it was something that she wanted to quit doing because it wasn’t making her feel worthy and perfect like others were seeing her and felt like she was lying to others about her life and who she really was. So she decided to quit posting pictures on social media and even got rid of some of her social media accounts. Also, she decided to go back on to some of the pictures she posted and edited the captions to them to depict what was really going on in the picture. For example, in one of the pictures where she shows herself in a bikini, she edited saying her stomach was sucked in, that she was emitting a perfect pose, and that her boobs were pushed up. She wants to make sure that girls don’t think this is how everyone’s life should be and that not everything is perfect about one single person.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic: Removing false depictions of girls perfect life
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is: People realizing that you aren’t as perfect as you say you are. People thinking you are fake which can cause aversive relationships with people.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior: An 18 year old girl wants nothing but for others to like her, so those consequences changed the frequency of the behavior by her telling the truth about her pictures and posts, deleting some of her accounts on social media and not posting unrealistic pictures of herself.
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable: i believe that the consequence involved the removal of something undesirable because she felt like she was lying to the world about her own life and how she actually was. She felt the need to stop her behaviors enough to stop making money off of it because she felt so strongly about how she was depicting a fake perfect life.
finally
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= social media
B= posting pictures 
C= people thinking you are fake, people thinking you are not a genuine person and that you are all about your looks.


17) URLS:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/us-diets-slowly-improving_5638d73be4b079a43c049dc4

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-34707116

18) Terminology: emit, target behavior, aversive, salient, pleasurable, emitting, behaviors, consequence , desirable, undesirable, emitting, frequency

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The piece I am looking at talks about a girl who made a living off of posting on social media and how she has decide to delete many of her previous posts and reveal how untrue many of her posts were. She now will repost old pictures but discuss all the effort it took to take that picture and how these are not the candid shots they appear to be but very posed and planned images. The behavior I am going to look at this week was the act of posting images before she decided to take a stand against “fake” social media.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior becoming an internet sensation. (Note: this was not the target behavior the girl at this time but it was in the past. Her current target behavior is to expose the amount of effort and editing that go into making a perfect picture.)
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior was getting likes on the picture or other kinds of positive reinforcers such as comments or shares.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of receiving positive reinforcers will encourage this behavior and increase the frequency and likelihood that the behavior will happen again.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This consequence involves the addition of something desirable. In this case the desirable addition is the positive feedback from other people on social media.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent to this situation is the girl posting the images wanting to be internet famous.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Wanting to be an internet sensation
B=Posting the perfect picture
C=Receiving positive feedback through likes, comments, or shares
For your news I would like you to
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
My topic of choice for this article is that there is going to be a vote in Ohio on whether to legalize recreational and medical marijuana. This relates to what we have done in behavior modification so far for many reasons. The first is the behavior the activists are engaging in to attempt to pass the bill, this will be discussed later. The second is by passing this bill it will open up the opportunity for people to engage in a behavior that they might have wanted to before but choose not to because it was illegal. It can also be looked from the people who already engage in this behavior even though it is illegal. These people might have wanted to change this behavior because it is illegal but would not feel the need to change it if it was not illegal.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is using marijuana recreationally and legally
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is not only receiving the feeling of being high but also without the stress of doing something illegal.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence might encourage people to use marijuana more frequently if they enjoyed the feeling of being high. (The consequence could also be look at as not being arrested because you are doing something illegal.)
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence of this behavior involves the addition of the (maybe) desirable feeling of being high. (If the consequence is the removal of the threat of being arrested it is a negative reinforce because you are removing something undesirable and aversive.)
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The bill being passed into law stating the marijuana use medically and recreationally is legal.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Bill being passed
B=Emitting the behavior of using marijuana
C=Being high
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) http://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-34707116
http://www.npr.org/2015/11/03/454291473/latest-battle-over-legalizing-marijuana-hits-the-polls-in-ohio
18) Terms: Antecedent, behavior, consequence, target behavior, reinforcer, behavior modification, positive reinforcer, negative reinforcer, desirable, undesirable, emitting, aversive

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is

It is a piece on why China is ending their one child policy and what they hope to accomplish. They want to not have a graying population and a population of consumers. They want to shift industry balance towards consumer side as opposed to producers. They also realize that the worker pool is not as robust as it used to be.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using
that illustrates your topic,

China wants to produce more children to be future consumers. This is because they want to shift industry balance and need to do so for future economic progress.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

Families will have more children. This because they are not forced to stop at one no matter of what their ideal family plan is.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

Having more children will lead to more future consumers since there will be more people.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally.

Removal of something undesirable, which is negative reinforcement, they are removing a child limit which is undesirable.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

China’s citizens becoming older and not being replaced.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= China's citizens are becoming older and not being replaced.
B= Produce future consumers.
C= People produce larger families\have more children.

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is

The NFL has made a deal to play games in London’s national rugby stadium. This in addition to three games previously played in London and will increase to five total games. NFL has a huge audience in the US and is hard to expand it so they are looking to other countries to have a fan audience from.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,

NFL wants to add games to london. They have done some already and want to add more.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

NFL will have a larger european audience

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

The more European fans the NFL gets the more games will be in London.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally

Addition of something the desirable, positive reinforcement. The NFl wants to add fans and the fans would like to have more games.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.

NFL needs to add international audience

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= NFL needs international audience
B= NFL adds games in London
C= NFL acquires european fans

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.npr.org/2015/10/31/453509907/the-economic-reasoning-behind-chinas-one-child-policy-change
http://www.si.com/nfl/2015/11/03/nfl-agrees-deal-london-twickenham-stadium

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

antecedent, consequence, behavior, reinforcement, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, target behavior, frequency of behavior, behavior modification.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article that I found from the NPR website is about how Americans, especially millennials, are moving away from religion. The researchers found that the percentage of people who believe in God has dropped since 2007. Even the amount of people who consider religion as very important to them has dropped in the past eight years. Especially for the millennials generation barely a quarter of them attend church on a regular basis. The authors believe that the decrease in religious practices has “political overtones” to suggest that this may be on reason. Personally I did not grow up in a religious home but my best friend did as a very strongly religious catholic family. Now she is an atheist in fact while her mother and father want her to be involved with church she will only go when they make her for Easter, Christmas, etc. I think that people should have their own views about what they are going to believe and as she aged she realized most of her views on life conflicted with the catholic religion. I think this could also be another reason millennials are changing their views, it is not like the old days.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The behavior that I am using to illustrate this topic would be that people (millennials) are switching their religious views to no religious affiliations.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior is the decline in beliefs about God.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will change the frequency of the behavior because it will continue to decrease in the amount of people who believe in a God.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
I would say that this could go either way in the perspective that you are going to take desirable if people want to believe in other things but undesirable for those who have strong family ties with people in the religion.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is people experiencing other ideals and then this would influence them to switch religious views.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Experiencing other ideals
B=Switching religious views
C=Decline in beliefs about God


7) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This piece that I found was a lot more positive and adorable than my previous article. It was about National Cat Day! Uber delivered kittens to businesses for 15 minutes for only 30 dollars. If you are unsure of what Uber is it is a ‘taxi” service where you download an app and people drive their own cars and pick you up, I personally have an Uber account because I live in Des Moines and it is absolutely amazing, plus your credit card is already in the app so there is no need to be worried about money! Anyways as ingenious as Uber is every National Cat Day they have set it up for their drivers to deliver cats to people’s offices for them to play with. Another great thing about this is that you can adopt some of the kittens that are delivered! Not only is this enhancing employee satisfaction but it is also is a great way for people to adopt kittens that need a home. I have taken industrial and organizational psychology and actually in organizational psychology we are discussing theories for increasing job satisfaction and this would definitely be one that would influence employees to have a positive few of their organization.
8) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,

The target behavior that I am trying to illustrate are the kittens being delivered because it is National Cat day which makes the employees happy and could enhance employee satisfaction.
9) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is that the employees were very happy and it probably gave the employees a more positive view on their organization.
10) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

The consequence will change the frequency of the behavior because if this made the employees really happy than the company may do this every year because it could increase employee satisfaction.
11) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable and adorable! We are adding the kittens on National Cat Day.
12) tell us to the antecedent is

The antecedent to the behavior that was emitted was that it was National Cat Day and people were going to celebrate.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=National Cat Day
B=Kittens delivered
C=Employees happy!
17) http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/03/454063182/poll-finds-americans-especially-millennials-moving-away-from-religion
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/uber-delivered-kittens-to-huffpost-for-national-cat-day_56325659e4b0c66bae5b739d?cps=gravity_2425_1863135905457328249
Terminology: Behavior, consequence, antecedent, emitted

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article I read was from ABC news, it was about a Taco Bell employee who attacked his Uber driver while intoxicated.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is emitting violent behavior towards the driver.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is the he may face up to a year in jail and a fine of $10,000. He was also fired from his executive position at Taco Bell.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
This severe consequence will decrease the frequency of him becoming violent with others. This would be an example of positive punishment.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of something desirable, which is his freedom since he will be more than likely sent to jail for a year.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent to his behavior, was him become frustrated and angry with his Uber driver when he asked him to get out of the car.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=became angry with the driver
B=violently attacked the driver
C=jail sentence and fine
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to
7) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article is from the TIME and it is about how acupuncture has been proven to give people relief from neck pain. The method of acupuncture, in this study, was more effective that the standard treatment and all natural.
8) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior from this article is using acupuncture to reduce neck pain.
9) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is that the client will experience relief from their neck pain.
10) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of relief from pain will increase the frequency of the individual to use acupuncture to help with their neck pain.
11) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable, the neck pain. This is an example of negative reinforcement.
12) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the individual’s neck pain.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=neck pain
B=receives acupuncture
C=reduction in neck pain
17)
http://abcnews.go.com/US/taco-bell-executive-accused-attacking-uber-driver-face/story?id=34945350
http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/03/health/gupta-sugar-study-kids/index.html

18) Terms: target behavior, emitting, consequence, frequency, antecedent, positive punishment, negative reinforcement.

The article in which I am going to summarize is "Scaring People Can Make Them Healthier, But it Isn't Always The Way to Go" by Lynne Shallcross. It discusses fear-based campaigns that are controversial, but are effective at changing peoples' attitudes and behavior to an extent. Researchers say the effectiveness isn't the only thing to consider when deciding whether to use fear-based appeals. A study done by researchers concluded that fear-infused appeals were not effective and "no identified circumstances under which they backfire." Women tend to be more likely affected because women appear, on average, to be more anxious, making them more sensitive to fear appeals.
Fear focuses a person's attention on the message and the problem, as well as search for solutions so it can motivate people to agree that they should protect themselves from the threat. Yet, some public health experts caution that even though we know that fear is effective, that doesn't always mean it should be used. Going to overboard with using fear can discourage the audience and possibly backfire. Fear appeals can produce some movement, but long-term changes to behavior patterns are often produced by changes in skill. An example for this is smoking. People don't continue to smokey because they are immune from fearing the consequences, but rather because they don't know how to stop or can't. So inducing fear will be minimally useful relative to offering support, resources, teaching skills and techniques, or prescribing medicine aids.
The target behavior that I am using is 'using fear-based campaigns to stop unhealthy acts.' There can be several consequences of this behavior, both beneficial and aversive. Campaigns such as showing someone that has to talk through their neck due to throat cancer from smoking puts the fear of having that happen to people that smoke. They can be effective at changing attitudes and behavior. This is especially true when it is directed at one-time behaviors like getting the flu shot and women are usually more easily convinced. There are some aversive consequences as well. Ronald Bayer, professor and co-chairman of the Center for the History and Ethics of Public Heath states:

"When you look at public health debates, the metric is typically, does it work? People very rarely are willing to say, 'Yes, it works, but we shouldn't do it anyway for this XY reason.' Public health officials need to calculate ahead of time the benefits and drawbacks of using fear as part of their campaign and then be ready for controversy if they go ahead with it. But the decision shouldn't be based solely on what is most effective without taking into account the "human toll.""

He makes the point that if research showed that making overweight and obese people feel really terrible about themselves was a surefire way to make them lose weight, would you want to do that to those peoples' emotional state? He says that fear-based campaigns should consider moral calculus.
Another researcher says that if it causes a panic and they have no way of controlling that threat, then it would make no sense to deliver such a message. The fear-based message shouldn't be too extreme because it may discourage the audience and may backfire because of an overly intense level of fear causing people to not believe and cast doubt on the campaign.
The consequences can add something desire and remove something undesirable. With the fear-based campaigns, people may stop doing the aversive behavior, which is the removal of something undesirable, but also, this may benefit them and their health adding something desirable. The antecedent would be the unhealthy acts people are doing that harm their bodies.

A= peoples' unhealthy acts
B= fear-based campaigns
C= stopping of unhealthy acts


The second news article I am going to discuss is "Americans are Using More Prescription Drugs; Is Obesity to Blame?" by Alison Kodjak. A study done showed that 59% of adults used a prescription drug in a 30-day period. That is up from 50% when the survey was last conducted a decade earlier. This study also shows a ring number of people taking multiple medications. There has been an increase of 15% of people taking multiple meds from a decade before. Elizabeth Kantor, an epidemiologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York and the lead researcher on the study says the increase in prescription use may be driven in part by the rise in obesity. This is because of the widely used drugs treat conditions that can be related to obesity, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol.

The target behavior I'm using is taking prescription drugs. The consequences of taking prescription drugs include reducing levels of unhealthy balances in the body such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure, reducing chances of death at earlier age, and quite possibly increasing the chances of people becoming healthier (even though studies show that obesity has increased among adults in the U.S. over time) or even more unhealthy. If the consequences are aversive, the behavior of taking meds will probably increase because people want to keep their bodily levels at a normal rate and it is easier to take medicine than to change your whole lifestyle to stay healthy. The antecedent (according to this article) would be obesity.

A= being obese
B= taking prescription medication
C= decreasing chances of unhealthy bodily levels

URL's:
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/02/453960470/scaring-people-can-make-them-healthier-but-it-can-backfire-too

http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/03/454241609/americans-are-using-more-prescription-drugs-is-obesity-to-blame

Terms: antecedent, behavior, consequences, target behavior, aversive behavior

AAW
Topical Blog Week 11
What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to something we have covered so far and that you can apply the ABC's of behavior to.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The topic is concerning the topic of Chipotle selling meats in their food that contain anti-biotics that have left American’s with E coli. Chipotle is wanting to live up to their statements of serving “food with integrity” by removing the drugs that are in the animals and as well as making sure the animal’s environment is ideal. In treating animals they state that it is ideal to not give drugs to the animals often unless necessary. Overall Chipotle has accepted that antibiotics on animals will be used sometimes.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is Chipotle using meat products that are antibiotic free.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is having a shorter supply of meat.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of the behavior will decrease the frequency of the behavior being done.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence is a removal of the undesirable idea of not having enough meat supply.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is Chipotle restaurants.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Chipotle’s
B= Chipotle using meat products with only some, not all, antibiotics in the animals
C= having a shorter supply of meat
http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/03/451999164/why-chipotles-hard-line-on-swine-antibiotics-is-now-blurry

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article I choose talks about how in the 21st century how we are pushing for new technology in the classrooms is actually hurting the student’s education. There has been research done in 17 US states with online classes to support the results. One of their complications with online learning is the teacher not being able to get the focus and engagement in the student’s studies. Another complication they have is the contact with the teacher is limited and they are expected to drive their own learning. However, there are also some benefits to having a virtual class, but with restrictions.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior I am going to look at is taking an online class instead of taking a traditional style of school for a person’s education.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is receiving less material and education.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of receiving less material and education will lead to the behavior being less frequent.
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence is removing the online education which is an undesirable consequence due to the person not receiving an informational education.
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the being in the room with a computer or another form of technology.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= being in the room with a computer or another form of technology.
B= taking an online class for their education
C= receiving less information and an education
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-34671952

Terms: antecedent, consequence, target behavior.

1. I read an article about awarding grants to the top three best Instagram posts that highlight stories from underrepresented communities around the world. The three photos that were chosen where very striking and they all gave you a small look into each photographer’s life. One picture really stood out to me, it was a black and white picture of a little boy trying to grab a star balloon that was just out of reach for him. This little boy’s father is one of the 43 students missing in Mexico. I thought it was really cool and an interesting take on making a sad situation somewhat more happy and light.
2. The target behavior here is for people to use Instagram for good, not to just post selfies with duck lips. The Getty Images Instagram Grant is attempting to culture the world and show who different it is in some places and how event his little boy reaching for a balloon can find joy even though is dad was recently murdered by a drug lord. This goal is very realistic because, for me at least, I am on social media quite a bit and this images have already impacted me by understanding how powerful a photograph can be and how this can actually make an impact on the world.
3. The consequence of this behavior is showing people and having them realize that the world isn’t full of good things but it is possible for you to come out on top if you work hard for it. The idea that the grant money goes to deserving people is a really amazing consequence. Being able put money towards your passion when before you were not able to afford an actual camera.
4. The frequency of this behavior will change by more people perusing their passion. For me, it is a nice conformation that I will eventually get to where want to be I just need to dig hard and work for what I want. These pictures will change the thoughts of people who do not believe photography is a career goal.
5. These consequences are definitely desirable because showing the outside world that there is a light at the end of the tunnel will help encourage someone to go for what they want. This is also a desirable consequence because people viewing this photographs will get a little glimpse into the photographer’s life.
6. The antecedent is the Getty Images Instagram Grant, because without this there would be no grant and no way for these people to portray their lives on camera.
7. A= The Getty Images Instagram Grant
B= People taking the pictures
C= Winners get the grant and peruse their career in photography
8. In Colorado a county was not satisfied with the ending vote for the Jefferson County school board election. Protesters walked the streets with signs saying “Honk for Recall”. It seems like this was definitely effective because the recall vote was at a solid sixty-three percent. This recall changed who won the election. I think this is a crazy because it’s so interesting to see a community come together and protest for a redo election, and have it be that the person who lost actually won.
9. The target behavior here is to show how a community can come together and how people can unit together to make a difference and attempt to make a substantial difference.
10. The consequence of this behavior was that the person who was elected wasn’t actually the winner of the race.
11. Since a group of people thought this was an unfair election race I feel as though this will change the frequency to increase in the area where people unite together who have the same beliefs and feel like an injustice has occurred.
12. I think the consequence involved something desirable because it showed that the other candidate was not a good fit because they were not chosen again for the reelection. It probably wasn’t a desirable consequence for the candidate who ended up losing because, well he lost.
13. The antecedent is the group of people banning together who made signs and protested for a reelection.
14. A= The protesters who wanted a reelection
B= The reelection that occurred
C= The loser of the first election actually winning, and having the public see how people can ban together and change an outcome.
URLS: http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/09/13/439536969/the-powerful-photos-that-rocked-getty-images-first-instagram-grant
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/jefferson-county-school-board_5638de84e4b027f9b96a2366?utm_hp_ref=politics
Terms: target behavior, realistic, consequence, frequency, antecedent,

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
In this article, it discusses the legalization of marijuana in Ohio. There was a vote taken Tuesday on Issue 3, which would legalize marijuana for recreational purposes for Ohio residents 21 or older, and also in medicinal form for anyone that qualifies for it with their medical conditions. After the vote was taken, the Issue 3 proposal was ruled out 2 to 1. The article discusses the differing opinions of senators, some saying that it shouldn't be legalized ever, and some saying that maybe Ohio should go ahead and legalize it.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior that I am using in this article is the legalization of marijuana and the debate around it.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Some consequences for this behavior is that it will result in a desirable way by providing medical treatments for patients requiring it and it will also help boost the economy because of its wide popularity. One of the undesirable consequences is that it will likely draw a line between people for and against, causing some discourse in Ohio.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The positive consequences will most likely increase the frequency of the behavior. But as for the negative, when looking at the opposing views of people, the frequency might decrease.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
For the supporters, it will involve the addition of something desirable, which is the marijuana.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the legalization of marijuana in Ohio.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Legalization of marijuana
B= Marijuana is available to people in Ohio for medical and recreational use
C= Some people are happy about it and use it more


8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
In this article, Houston's Equal Rights Ordinance has been brought up and voted on in senate. The vote rejected to LGBT ordinance that enables protections for transgender and gay people, as well as extending the ordinance to areas such as housing, employment, and other areas. The main affected area in the ordinance was the move that would allow transgender people to use toilets of their choosing. But opponents of the ordinance tried to make others believe that by passing this ordinance, it would allow sexual predators into women's bathrooms. Because of people's uneducated fears, the ordinance did not pass.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is the fear and opposition of Houston's Equal Rights Ordinance.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The Proposition 1 will not get passed because of people's fears.

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
Because of how strong an influence fear is, it will increase the frequency of the behavior of opposition towards the subject.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
It involves the removal of something undesirable, in this case it is the Equal Rights Ordinance.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.
Vote on the Houston Equal Rights Act.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Vote on the Houston Equal Rights Ordinance
B= People are scared of what they don't understand
C= Fear of the ordinance spreads to others.

17)
http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/public/2015/election/ohio-state-issues-2-and-3-marijuana.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34716179

18) target behavior, desirable, undesirable, consequences, antecedent, fear influence, frequency

1) The article I read was about how a person’s sleep schedule is shown to impact their weight. With their studies, it was shown that sleep deprivation, or getting less than the recommended 8 hours of sleep, is correlated with obesity. Those who sleep less are more likely to eat more calories as well as crave those fattier foods. There is also a correlation between lack of sleep and type 2 diabetes, because of the increase of insulin resistance, where the insulin isn’t able to do its job correctly.

2) The target behavior that I am choosing for this article is getting less than the recommended 8 hours of sleep each night

3) The consequence of this target behavior is sleep deprivation which leads to weight gain and a chance at type 2 diabetes

4) Since most people don’t want to have the tiredness, the weight gain, and are wanting to feel healthy, they will more than likely decrease the frequency of the behavior, or rather increase their amount of sleep.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable because it increases the likelihood of obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as adding the sleep deprivation

6) The antecedent can be different for everyone, but a common one is being too busy, and trying to get things done at night instead of going to bed when they should.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Too busy trying to get things done
B= Getting less sleep than what is recommended
C= Sleep deprivation which leads to weight gain

8) The second article that I read was about two dogs that were playing in their yard when they came across a porcupine. The dogs were quilled pretty badly, with one dog getting most of the quills to his face, and the other got the quills to the stomach area. While both dogs were injured, the second dog got the worst of it because the quills ended up piercing her heart and lungs. Both dogs were rushed to the vet, and will make it through, with some time to heal.

9) The target behavior I am going to focus on for this article is from the dog’s point of view and their decision to approach and disturb the porcupine.

10) The consequence of the dogs’ behaviors was being quilled and suffering from injuries.

11) The consequence was painful and almost life threatening to the dogs. This will cause them to decrease the frequency of their likelihood to approach another porcupine.

12) The consequence involves the addition of something undesirable, because the dogs did not want the quills to pierce them and cause pain.

13) The antecedent was playing in the yard, and seeing another unfamiliar animal nearby

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Dogs playing in the yard and notice an unfamiliar animal
B= Dogs approach and disturb the new animal
C= Dogs get quilled and injured from the porcupine

17) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/berkeley-wellness/the-skinny-on-sleep-and-y_b_8421118.html?utm_hp_ref=healthy-living
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34716175

18) Target behavior, correlation, consequence, increase, decrease, behavior, addition, undesirable, antecedent, frequency

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article I picked is about an inner city team putting US rugby on the map. The US isn’t known for Rugby or doing well when they make it to the World Cup of Rugby, but a team from Memphis, Tenn. may just be change that in the next few years. In the US, rugby is typically a sport associated with prep or private schools, but at a school in Memphis where they couldn’t afford a football team, rugby was introduced. The team started out losing every game they played, to winning almost every game last year, along with three players becoming All-Stars. Not only that, but being on the team has inspired many of kids to keep their grades up so they can play at school and go on to college. Rugby is their way of making it. Many of them feel they have a lot more drive because they are playing to go to college, whereas those from many other schools are playing it just for sport. My topic for this article will be how adding rugby as a sport as the low income school gave a drive and incentive to many of the students/athletes who played.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior I am using in this article is the introduction of rugby as an extracurricular activity in low income schools. It relates to my topic because if it weren’t for rugby at that school, many of the student/athletes wouldn’t have had the chance to play an sports, let alone a sport that could help them get to college.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of introducing rugby is that kids will have the opportunity to play a sport even when they can’t afford football due to all the equipment. Another consequence is the drive the athletes may have to go on to college to play rugby since it is may be the only way they can attend college. They will work harder on keeping their grades up to be eligible to play, and the drive to play hard and do well will help them be successful and open up the chance to play for a college.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
Both of those consequences will result in an increase in the frequency of the behavior. Kids who normally don’t have a chance to play a sport in high school due to income will now have a chance because the only equipment for rugby is really a ball, so more kids are going to want to play. Having a chance to go to college for kids who normally wouldn’t will increase the frequency of kids wanting to do well in school so they are eligible to play and be accepted into a college to play rugby there.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequences involve the addition of something desirable. Adding rugby as an option at schools is desirable for the kids who normally wouldn’t get a chance at sports, and getting the opportunity to go to college and play is desirable because many of them never would’ve had the chance to go to college.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is low income schools who can’t afford football as a sport but still want the chance to have something to play.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=low income schools who can’t afford football as a sport
B=introduction of rugby to those schools as a sport
C=students have opportunity to play, drive to do well in sports and school to go to college

http://www.npr.org/2015/10/31/453303094/an-inner-city-rugby-team-that-s-changing-the-national-game

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This article discusses that job satisfaction might be more about the transparency between employers and employees and less about pay. When bosses offered salary information to their employees it seemed to counteract the worker’s belief of being underpaid. Even though talking about salary is often uncomfortable, it can greatly help workers feel more satisfied. With all the salary information that is now available online it’s easy for employees to look at that and feel like they should be getting paid that much. To help with salary envy it’s suggested to not compare salaries, but to focus on what you have related to the work that you do, not on what you don’t have. My topic for this article will be employee satisfaction in the workplace.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustratesyour topic,
The target behavior I am using for this topic is to increase employee satisfaction by discussing salary information with them on a 1-2 yearly basis. That illustrates my topic of employee satisfaction in the workplace because the hope is to increase that satisfaction.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of discussing salary information is that employees will be happier and feel less like they are being underpaid. Talking about their salary on a more frequent basis will help employees know where they stand with their bosses and why they are getting paid the amount they are, etc.

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
That consequence, happier employees, should increase the frequency of the behavior. Different employers may begin to see the benefits of talking about salary with their workers and begin to implement that in their own businesses on a regular basis. Happier employees usually results in better quality work, helping the business in turn, do better.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable. Employers emitting the salary talk behavior results in the addition of happier employees.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is employee dissatisfaction with their pay and feeling underpaid.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=workers believing their underpaid, and unhappy about it
B=salary talk with employees by employers
C=happier and more satisfied employees, don’t feel like their underpaid compared to others with similar job positions/descriptions.

http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20151030-what-if-we-all-just-talked-about-our-salary

Terms: antecedent, emit, desirable, consequence, frequency of behavior, target behavior, salary envy, increase

1) The piece I chose was from NPR and is titled, Did Life Begin on Mars?. It was written in October, 2015 by Bill Mesler. This piece is about how people here on Earth believe there could be life on Mars. This article states that it has been a long time goal for NASA to find life on other planets but was put on hold when Darwin’s theory of evolution became the popular idea. However, now that it has been a long time since the introduction of his evolution the idea of life on Mars is growing. With the finding of water on Mars it has impacted not only researchers but also civilians. The rover on Mars has found not just the water but other evidence that helps prove that there were at one time other characteristics on the planet that image what Earth has now. The topic relating to this piece is goals. I believe this article relates to the topic of goals because it has been a long time goal of scientists like NASA to find evidence of different forms of life on other planets. They had to use different steps in order to reach their goal and find something they wanted to on other planets.

2) The target behavior that illustrates my topic is finding life on Mars

3) The consequence of the behavior of sending an aircraft out to Mars would be finding life on Mars.

4) The consequence of finding life on Mars could either increase or decrease the frequency. If the other life does not like us being there that could definitely deter the amount of times we go back. However, if they are helpful and don’t mind us up there then we would most likely go up to Mars more in order to research more information.

5) The consequence involves the addition of something desirable.

6) The antecedent is knowing there is water on Mars. That makes us believe there is life other than us.

7) A= Knowing there is water on Mars
B= Send an aircraft out there
C= Find life on Mars

8) The second article I came upon while searching for news is from November 3, 2015 and is titled, How to Make Resolutions That Stick by R.L. Adams. This article has to do with what we were talking about in earlier weeks about self-directed behavior and New Year’s resolutions. This article talks about why reaching those resolutions are so hard once the year begins and why only about 8% actually achieve their set goals. Even though it is quite hard to reach these goals because people do not always really have interest in what they are doing, there are ways to make the resolutions work according to the article. Those steps are: setting goals with good reasons, handle bad habits, sweat the small stuff, do not beat yourself up for having a rough or weak moment, and to set yourself up to achieve the goal by having kind of a sub goal approach. He makes it known to the readers that resolutions are hard to meet but these steps make it easier to focus on the goal at hand. This relates exactly to what we learned with self-directed behavior because it has some of the same steps in order to reach the goal that was in the sections we read.

9) The target behavior I am using that illustrates my topic of New Year’s resolutions is to set sub goals and to keep a journal of the data to make sure the resolution is still on track.

10) The consequence of setting sub goals and keeping a journal would be to meeting the resolution or goal that was set at the beginning of the year.

11) The consequence of meeting the goal or resolution will greatly change the frequency of the behavior. If the goal is met then it is more likely that whatever that resolution was will happen more often because they are used to that lifestyle now.

12) The consequence of New Year’s resolutions usually takes away something undesirable in order for them to believe they have a better life or year.

13) The antecedent with a New Year’s resolution would be to realize that there is something in your life you do not like and want to change

14) A= realize that there is something in your life you do not like and want to change
B= Set a New Year’s resolution with sub goals and a journal
C= Finish the whole year with the goal or resolution

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2015/10/16/449106501/did-life-begin-on-mars
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rl-adams/how-to-make-resolutions-t_b_8429066.html

18) Terms: goals, theory of evolution, self-directed behavior, New Year’s Resolutions, behavior, consequence, target behavior, sub goal, journal, antecedent

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article I read was about a state trooper who was called to a car crash. The crash involved a couple who had been out with the purpose of getting Halloween face paint and goodies for their four children at home. The couple were killed when their car veered off the road and crashed into a tree. The state trooper didn’t want to ruin the children’s Halloween so instead of breaking the news to them immediately about their parents he took the children out for hamburgers and shakes and then had a sleepover at the patrol station with them until their grandmother could come and break the news to them in the morning. He is being highly praised for going above and beyond his duty with these children.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior it a caring and companionate response to a tragic situation by a police officer.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The police officer was highly praised by the media and his colleges.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
This will increase the chances of him or others around him of acting companionably to a tragic situation in the future.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This involves the addition of a desirable response in the praise he received.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is on Halloween night.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= On Halloween after a car crash.
B= Police acted compassionately towards children left behind.
C= Police officer received praise and admiration from media and colleges.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.

For your news I would like you to

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The video and accompanying article is about how studies are being done in which older adults are using educational video games on the computer to help stave off dementia and other cognitive disorders. This is done by keeping the brain active and making them solve puzzles daily.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is performing puzzles on the computer.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Increased brain activity and the prevention of cognitive disorders.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
If the study yields good results it will increase the amount of time older adults use computers to play educational games.
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This involves the removal of something undesirable in the development of cognitive disorders.
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the older adults using the computer for educational purposes.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= older adults using computers and video games
B= solving puzzles and strategy games.
C= the prevention of cognitive disorders.

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/04/454606218/georgia-trooper-praised-for-response-to-kids-loss-of-both-parents
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-34708132
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms/ antecedent, undesirable, desirable, behavior

1) This article is about getting people with less money to start putting small amounts of money in a retirement fund. The concept is similar to a 401K, but geared toward small contributions of money to a retirement fund account. The accounts are designed to help people who lack access to a retirement savings plan at work, and can afford to set aside only small amounts of money.
2) The target behavior is saving money for retirement.
3) Being able to retire with financial security sooner.
4) The consequence would be not being able to retire at a desired age. It is up to the individual to drive themselves achieve a desirable retirement situation.
5) Does the consequence involve the addition of something desirable: Yes, because it involves the addition of a preferable retirement situation. Which will reinforce us to want to save the money that will secure our retirements.
6) The antecedent is that people cannot afford to fund their 401k, or other similar retirement plan. They want to have a better option for themselves to retire with financial stability
7)
A= Looking ahead in the future and considering your options for retirement.
B= Saving money in a retirement account
C= The consequence is, being able to retire as a financially sound person at an advantages point in life.
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/04/454613224/heres-an-easier-way-to-start-moving-from-broke-to-comfortable-as-you-age

8) People’s average consumption of alcohol has increased by the liter drastically in the last 50 years.
9) Increasing average drinking habits.
10) Increase in alcohol sales, and alcoholics.
11) As popular culture continues to promote alcohol usage, sales will continue to increase, and more Brits will become alcoholics.
12) Does the consequence involves the addition of something desirable? Consequences include increased alcohol sales. This a desirable profit increase for alcohol sales.
13) The antecedent involves social implications, and promotion of alcohol use.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Capitalism and alcohol
B= Promotional push to sell alcohol, societal pressures to drink.
C= Increase in alcohol sales and alcoholics
Antecedent, Behavior, Consequences, target behavior, societal pressure, saving, reinforce.
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20151102-why-do-the-british-drink-so-much

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The education system is trying to push into a more technological savvy area. They have been pushing for more online innovation to teaching and learning. There was research done on 17 states who have had online charter schools, which are schools that teach completely online and not in a classroom setting. When results came back, there was only negative things to say about this new system. Studies showed that students who were in an online charter school had worse academic performance in math and reading compared to those in a traditional school setting. They have shown to have fallen far behind their counterparts in a traditional school as well. There are currently 200,000 students in online charter schools in the US right now, but because of low achievement in these schools it has raised big doubts for this approach.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is taking students and putting them in an online charter school to see how they do academically.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
the consequence of the behavior is that they fall behind their counterparts in traditional schools, there is difficulty focusing on their work, and they have not done well in math and reading
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior
the consequence of falling behind and doing worse in school will lead to the behavior being less frequent
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves removing online education because it involves an undesirable consequence of doing worse in school and falling behind
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is being in a room with a computer or tablet
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Being in a room with a computer or tablet
B= Taking an classes in an online charter school
C= Worse academic performance and falling behind in school work
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates toa different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article I chose talked about how using a fear- based campaigns about public health work in changing behavior, but has become controversial. We have all seen the commercials about smoking that make us cringe. That fear instilled in us most likely will cause us not to do that behavior or think twice about if it is worth it. The article says that fear based campaigns can motivate people to agree that they should protect themselves from the threat. Fear based campaigns are also shown to be effective in changing both attitudes and behaviors. However, some public health experts are coming forward and expressing their concern that even though fear based campaigns are effective, that doesn’t mean they have to be used. Fairchild, a professor of sociomedical sciences, say that fear based campaigns can hinge on social norms. When there was a case about HIV, Fairchild said, “ there was great concern that in fact you weren’t de-normalizing a behavior; you were stigmatizing a population that was already suffering from the burdens of stigma. Overall, the point of the article is that fear appeals can produce movement and changes in behavior, but long-term changes are often produced by changes in skills.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustratesyour topic,
The target behavior is using fear based campaigns in order to change people’s unhealthy habits and behaviors.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is them becoming more aware and stopping their unhealthy behaviors
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
This will change the frequency of behavior because those people will feel better since they are not putting unhealthy substances in their body or commiting acts that are unhealthy.
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This consequence involves removal of an unhealthy behavior or substance.
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antedent is people doing unhealthy behaviors
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= People doing something that causes harm to their body
B= Fear based campaigns
C= Removal of the unhealthy behavior
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-34671952

http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/02/453960470/scaring-people-can-make-them-healthier-but-it-can-backfire-too


18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Frequency, behavior, target behavior, antecedent, consequence, removal,

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is.
The piece of news that I wrote about this week is the backlash movie director Quentin Tarantino is getting after emitting the behavior boycotting against police shootings as a whole. He calls it like he sees it and is calling some of these high profile police shooting cases and labeling the cops as murderers. A topic that is being discussed is that of high profile people publically boycotting and the results as they do this.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is a high profile individual publically boycotting controversial issues.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
A consequence of this behavior is negative feedback towards the individual and project defamation.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
Ultimately, if the defamation is successful, the frequency of the behavior would most likely decrease.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence, in this case is a form of punishment, involves the addition of something undesirable, or the removal of something desired. Two examples are given, one is of positive punishment, and the other is of negative punishment. The additional object is that of poor press, this is aversive for many people. And the removal of something desired is that people will boycott his projects and he will lose money and desired results.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent in this case is the shooting of a civilian by a police officer that is later viewed as murder instead of “self-defense.”

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Police shooting viewed as a murder
B= Boycotting individual
C= Defamation of the individual

For your news I would like you to

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
In the second news source, a Russian travel plane was brought down in Egypt and the cause is currently unknown. The likely source of the crash is from a bomb, which is being pointed towards terrorist activities. 224 people died on the plane because of the crash, and the UK Government is still investigating what happened to prevent further bombing measures.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
My target behavior that is illustrated in the example is that of blowing up planes with a bomb in the hopes of causing terror in people’s lives.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the target behavior is fear, pandemonium, terror, in the lives and countries of those affected.

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because that is exactly what a “terrorist” wants to elicit from bystanders.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable. It reinforces the behavior because it adds the fear into people’s lives that the terrorist is attempting to cause.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is a political power that allows disarray and confusion among its people.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Disarrayed political system
B= Blowing up a plane
C= Terror and fear in the country
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/2015/11/04/454583143/quentin-tarantino-at-the-eye-of-a-firestorm-and-a-brewing-culture-war
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34724604

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Emitting, behavior, target behavior, aversive, consequence, antecedent, punishment, positive punishment, negative punishment, elicit, bystanders, reinforces

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is.
The piece of news that I wrote about this week is the backlash movie director Quentin Tarantino is getting after emitting the behavior boycotting against police shootings as a whole. He calls it like he sees it and is calling some of these high profile police shooting cases and labeling the cops as murderers. A topic that is being discussed is that of high profile people publicly boycotting and the results as they do this.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior being illustrated is boycotting. In this example is just happens to be a well-known influential public figure emitting the behavior.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
A consequence of this behavior is negative publicity towards the figure, which can further lead to project defamation and loss of work.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
If the consequence is successful and the project defamation is a success, then the frequency of the behavior would most likely decrease. However, if the consequence does not cause a hindrance, the behavior will continue to be emitted because of the firm resolution of the cause held by the individual.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence, in this case is a form of punishment, involves the addition of something undesirable, or the removal of something desired. Two examples are given, one is of positive punishment, and the other is of negative punishment. The additional object is that of poor press, this is aversive for many people. The poor press is something that is added to the person. The second is the removal of something desired, and that is how people will boycott his projects and he will lose money and his comfortable lifestyle (in an extreme example).

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent in this case is the shooting of a civilian by a police officer that is later viewed as murder instead of “self-defense.”

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Police shooting viewed as a murder
B= Boycotting individual
C= Defamation of the individual
For your news I would like you to

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
In the second news source, a Russian travel plane was brought down in Egypt and the cause is currently unknown. The likely source of the crash is from a bomb, which is being pointed towards terrorist activities. 224 people died on the plane because of the crash, and the UK Government is still investigating what happened to prevent further bombing measures.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
My target behavior that is illustrated in the example is that of blowing up planes with a bomb in the hopes of causing terror in people’s lives. The behavior fits into the behavior class of inciting terror.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the target behavior is fear, pandemonium, terror, in the lives and countries of those affected and those world-wide. In each case, the act will reach global recognition and further add to those who do these things.

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because that is exactly what a “terrorist” wants to elicit from bystanders. If the consequence was something undesirable, such as getting bombed in the areas that these terrorists were living, the behavior would ideally decrease.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable. It reinforces the behavior because it adds the fear into people’s lives that the terrorist is attempting to cause. Because of this positive reinforcement, it is likely that the behavior will continue to happen.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is a political power that allows disarray and confusion amongst its people. Another plausible antecedent is that of a firm conviction to cause terror.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Disarrayed political system
B= Blowing up a plane
C= Terror and fear in the country

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/2015/11/04/454583143/quentin-tarantino-at-the-eye-of-a-firestorm-and-a-brewing-culture-war
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34724604

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Emitting, behavior, target behavior, aversive, consequence, antecedent, punishment, positive punishment, negative punishment, elicit, bystanders, reinforces, behavior class, positive reinforcement

1) The article I read, I'm a Heroin Addict, from huffingtonpost.com talks about the growing heroin epidemic here in the United States. It discusses a personal account from a man named Richard Farrell (who wrote the piece), information about why heroin became a problem in the United States, some things we can do to help put an end to heroin use, and there was a video at the end of the page of two mothers who dealt with their sons being heroine addicts. My topic is going to be about putting an ended to heroin usage in the United States.
2) My target behavior is quit heroin use. This falls into the topic of ending heroin usage in the united states.
3) There are several consequences for someone who uses heroin. The biggest one is death and losing your job, losing relationships, losing money, pain & suffering for yourself/others are some of the other consequences.
On the flip side if you quit heroin usage your body will be healthier and you have a better chance of getting a job (earning money), and mending relationships with others.
4) Your behavior of using heroin will likely decrease IF you have the right support system. You need to have medical treatment, rehab, and support from friends and/or family. If you are actually able to go through with moving away from the addiction you will have a more successful and happy life.
5) The consequences of quitting heroin usage are very desirable. You have a better chance at living a longer life, and you will most likely be more successful/happy. Because you will be able to hold a job, your relationships with others will be healthier, and you won't be wasting money on drugs.
6) Someone only needs to try heroin once to become addicted, but if they want to quit using heroin they need to identify that there is a problem with what they are doing (Their behavior of using heroin)/have a realization that they need to change their life. (There needs to be extinction of their heroin using behavior.)
7)
Using Heroin Quitting Heroin
A= Trying heroin once A= Knowing you need to change
B= Addicted to using heroin B= Quit using Heroin
C= Death C= Happier/Successful life
8) This article, The Man Who Invented Relaxation, on BBC News talks about the many ways people can go about solving their stress issues. Some of these ways include partaking in counseling, joining a yoga class, and listening to mindfulness CDs. Up until very recently people thought getting extra sleep, and just sitting around doing nothing do not really help people deal with the stress in their lives. This article talks about a man named Edmund Jacobsen who wrote about progressive relaxation. Jacobsen talked about removing muscular tension "to become less tense, anxious or stressed, to calm down". This is like what we previously talked about in this class where you can tighten your muscles, and then release the tension to feel more at ease. He thought everyone should dedicate more time to relaxing during the day. There is even research that people who use relaxation techniques will feel much better than someone who just got countless hours of unsuccessful sleep. The rest of the article talks more about other peoples relaxation technique methods that went against Edmund's idea that muscle relaxation was all that really mattered. Another big part of the article is discussing how yoga has became very popular.
9) The target behavior I am going to choose is using a relaxation technique, in this case being doing yoga to deal with relaxation and stress.
10) The consequence of this behavior would be that you would feel relaxed, and no longer stressed out.
11) If you are properly doing the relaxation technique your behavior of doing the yoga will increase because you will like the feeling of being relaxed, and feeling well rested mentally. Yoga is also a really good work out, so you will feel better about yourself physically. These will reinforce you to do it more in the future.
12) The consequence of using a relaxation technique is taking away something undesirable. (Your feeling of stress.) In the end if you use the relaxation technique properly you will feel relaxed physically and mentally.
13) The antecedent the article discussed was feeling stressed out. However, you could not only feel exhausted mentally, but also physically to use these relaxation techniques.
14)
A= Feeling stressed out
B= Use a relaxation technique (Performing yoga)
C= Feeling Relaxed

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-farrell/im-a-heroin-addict_b_8371058.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34714591
Terms: consequence, antecedent, target behavior, behavior, extinction, relaxation technique, Edmund Jacobsen, reinforce

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is.
- this article I read was about a guy named Johnny Gonzales who runs a gym inside of a the clinic lake county tribal clinic in Lakeport California. The gym was build to help those who were over weight and at risk for diabetes. The program is free of charge for those who go to the click and that have been diagnosed with prediabetes.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
-the target behavior would be to work out with Gonzales 3 days a week

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
- he consequences for this behavior would be losing weight, and reducing the risk of diabetes.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior
- is that person begins to lose weight and their risk of getting diabetes diminishes than it will reinforce their behavior and they will continue to engage in it.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable.
- for this example the consequence removes something undesirable, that being excessive weight, and risk of diabetes.

6) tell us to the antecedent is
- the antecedent for this situation would be at lake county tribal clinic.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Lake county tribal clinic
B=working out with johnny Gonzale 3 times a week
C= losing weight and risk of diabetes

http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/04/454387701/california-tribe-puts-a-gym-in-the-clinic-to-fend-off-diabetes

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
- this article that I read is about neck pain and the different ways it can be treated. It says about 6% of americans suffer from neck pain and although there are many ways to treat this neck pain many of those ways only slightly reduce the pain. It then goes on to explain how acupuncture can be used to help reduce neck pain.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic
- the target behavior in this article would be using acupuncture.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
- the consequence here would be reduce the pain located in your neck

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior
- this consequence would increase the behavior because the person would be rewarded with a reduced pain in the neck and once it worked the person would want to continue to less pain in their neck therefore repeating the acupuncture treatment

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable.
- the consequence would involve the removal of something undesirable, which in this case would be neck pain. Therefor it would be using negative reinforcement.

13) tell us to the antecedent is. In this article it doesn’t say what can cause neck pain but it can be cause by lots of different reasons one being things like car accidents, so this could be an antecedent. Otherwise the actual treatment of behavior of acupuncture would have to be done by a professional so the antecedent could be in a acupuncture private practice office.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
metical office (where acupuncture is done)
B=
acupuncture therapy
C= decrease in neck pain.

http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/04/454628373/acupuncture-and-alexander-technique-help-chronic-neck-pain

Terms: antecedent, acupuncture, reinforcement, rewards, consequences, diminish, target behavior, negative reinforcement, reduction.

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to something we have covered so far and that you can apply the ABC's of behavior to.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The first article that I read was about why red wine gives people headaches, and what can be done about it. Some people being more sensitive than others to sulfites can cause headaches from red wine. Sulfites are natural in wine, but they are also added to preserve and stabilize the wine. There are a couple other stimuli that could contribute to wine headaches. Basically, look for more natural wines, and you should have fewer problems.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The behavior is drinking red wine
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is getting a headache
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
I feel like because the red wine causes headaches, people would drink less red wine, and more white wine.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
By drinking more white wine instead of red wine, there is the removal of the undesirable headache.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Choosing red wine instead of white wine
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Choosing red wine instead of white wine
B=
Drinking red wine
C= Getting a headache
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The second article that I looked at was about how a study found tha human waste (yes, poop) could light 138 million homes. They found that it could be broken down into biogas, which could then be used to light homes. This is really beneficial in areas of the world where human waste is contaminating the only water source that people have.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is using human waste to produce enough energy to light homes.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this is limiting waste in water and stop destruction of trees
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
If this works, and the plans of cutting contaminated water in certain areas and being able to light homes, the chances of using human waste to produce energy would increase.
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
It involves the removal of something undesirable, as it is cutting contaminated water nearly in half.
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is Uganda, where they are trying to initiate this plan now, because they have a serious problem with open defecation, which contaminates drinking water.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Uganda
B=
using human waste to light home
C= Decreasing water contamination

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/human-waste-could-light-up-more-than-138-million-homes_56391769e4b0b24aee47d3ac?utm_hp_ref=impact
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/food-52/why-red-wine-gives-you-a_b_8460478.html

Terms: stimuli, behavior, consequence, antecedent, undesirable, target behavior

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
My first article is about a clinic in California which has a free clinic inside it to those individuals who are diagnosed as prediabetic. Those with that title get to go to the gym free of charge with a personal trainer and take classes to learn how to eat better and on how to stay active.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
My target behavior is to exercise more often and eat healthier.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence is that people will get healthier and live a fuller life.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because once the individual starts the workout regimen it will become a habit and the benefits will cause the individual to continue.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence is the addition of something desirable because with them working out and eating healthier it will allow them to have a fuller life.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
Getting diagnosed as prediabetic
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Getting diagnosed as prediabetic
B= Working out in the gym
C= Getting healthier
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to
7) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
My second article is about a Georgia State Trooper who stepped above the call of duty to make sure the four children left behind after their parents had passed away in a car crash still had a good Halloween. The parents had left the four children at home while the parents went to the store to get more face paint. Their car then veered off the road and they were killed. When the State troopers realized they had four children, one state trooper picked up the children and took them out for hamburgers and milkshakes and had a sleepover at the jail watching movies, while waiting for their grandmother to arrive to break the news to the children.
8) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is the caring, compassionate response of the state trooper.
9) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is that the state trooper is receiving praise from the media and people all around the country.
10) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
This consequence will increase the likelihood of a caring response in the instance of another tragic accident. It could also possibly increase the likelihood of a caring response from other officers of the law from him serving as a role model and someone to strive to be like.
11) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable.
12) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is Halloween night after the parent’s car crash.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Halloween night after the car crash
B= State Trooper goes above call of duty with compassion to children
C= Rewarded with praise from media and people around the country.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/04/454387701/california-tribe-puts-a-gym-in-the-clinic-to-fend-off-diabetes
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/04/454606218/georgia-trooper-praised-for-response-to-kids-loss-of-both-parents
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behavior, consequence, behavior, emit, elicit, antecedent,

What we would like you to do is to continue applying what we are learning in class to real world matters. Some might ask, "What good is learning psychology if we can't apply it to real world matters?" So that is what we are going to do with this week's topical blog assignment.
What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to something we have covered so far and that you can apply the ABC's of behavior to.
For your news I would like you to
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/04/454387701/california-tribe-puts-a-gym-in-the-clinic-to-fend-off-diabetes
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
In the article I selected there is a Northern California clinic there has increased efforts to assist the local Pomo tribe Native Americans. The individuals running the clinic added a gym to the efforts in order to “fend off prediabetes.” In fact staff at the clinic are so committed to having these tribe members involved that they are willing to wave the fee. According to the article, Native American are twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to be diagnosed with diabetes. This coupled with many families falling below the poverty line are two major risk factors for developing diabetes in this geographic region.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior in this article is to lead a healthier, more productive life by going to the clinic. The target behavior involves getting poor habits under control and increasing positive habits.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the behavior is not developing prediabetes or diabetes (or other maladies). Basically, it a primary prevention method to increase these individual’s health and decrease risk factors of diabetes.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence of not developing the disease of diabetes is that an individual’s willingness to maintain his or her health will hopefully increase. Also, diabetes may be prevented altogether.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence of not developing diabetes involves the addition of living a healthy life style (add exercise, add nutritious food, etc.).
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the clinic. The individuals who are at risk for diabetes go to the clinic to receive assistance with maintaining their health.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Clinic
B=Exercise and become healthier
C=Reduce rick of/No diabetes

What we would like you to do is to continue applying what we are learning in class to real world matters. Some might ask, "What good is learning psychology if we can't apply it to real world matters?" So that is what we are going to do with this week's topical blog assignment.
What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to something we have covered so far and that you can apply the ABC's of behavior to.
For your news I would like you to
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/houston-equal-rights-ordinance_5638de92e4b00a4d2e0bee4e?utm_hp_ref=gay-voices&ir=Gay%2BVoices§ion=gay-voices
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article describes asinine individuals who rejected Houston’s Equal Rights Ordinance (HERO) for the LGBT community. Anti-LGBT activists drove a petition to repeal it and were successful when they associated HERO with “men in women’s bathrooms.” The community thought that it was the only thing that HERO stood for rather than “nondiscrimination protections.”
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
Anti-LGBT repealing the act
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Organizations can discriminate on the basis of sexual identity, military status, disability, race, etc.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
Discrimination will increase as it is again legal to single out certain groups
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
Repealing the act removes something that is desirable (i.e. nondiscrimination).
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is Houston, Texas.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=Houston, Texas
B= Anti-LGBT activists repealing the HERO act
C=Increased discrimination
Terms: prediabetes, diabetes, poverty, health, prevention, lifestyle, LGBT, HERO, nondiscrimination protections, Texas, politics, antecedent, target behavior, consequence

Topical Blog Week 11
What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to something we have covered so far and that you can apply the ABC's of behavior to.
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
I chose the story on the Romania Prime Minister resigning because of fireworks being set off in Bucharest when a band was performing at the club and set off fire works inside. Everyone wanted Mr. Ponta to step down saying that he did not have handle over the country and they were getting poor supervision. He was upset because of the corruption going on in the streets not only about the fireworks but about him as the prime minister. The three owners of the night club have been arrested and also being charged a fine. There has also been an interim prime minister to be assigned. They are working to rebuild their government in hopes that something like this will never happen again for the community.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
I am using the target behavior as setting off the fireworks at the night club concert as well as the protest held in the streets against Prime Minister Ponta.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the setting off of fireworks and the protest was that Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned and a new prime minister will be put into place.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
This consequence will reduce the likelihood that fireworks and such a big protest will ever happen again. This will also hopefully INCREASE the trust in the community when they select a new prime minister because they will find one that does not have such a record and is accused of fraud and stealing money.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This removes something undesirable meaning the prime minister, Victor Panto, himself. The community is happy because they are taking him out of the decision making process and not letting him be involved in it at all.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be the prime minister being accused of fraud, tax evasion and money laundering. This is the antecedent because it made him not liked by the community which was the cause for the fireworks which started the fire that had community members killed and protests.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Prime Minister Panto being unfaithful to the citizens and going behind their backs
B= The citizens set off fireworks to cause a seen as well as protesting against Prime Minister Panto
C=Prime Minister Panto resigned from the position and will no longer be involved with the ruling once an intern prime minister is chosen.

Next news article:

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This article is about all of the federal prisoners being released to the community because of the change in the guidelines about drug usage. The article shows the stress for all of the probation officers because of the many inmates being released. The chief of probation and pretorian services office at the Administrative Office in the U.S. Courts, Matthew Rowland expresses how any people he is now in charge of and supervises. He told NPR he has hired 150 new officers to try and help with the release of the drug offenders. They also said that a consequence of releasing all of the prisons will be that they will reoffend and there will be an outbreak of crimes including murder, rape, assaults and robberies that they have not been able to commit because being incarcerated.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior I am using is the releasing of the federal prisoners back into society.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence will be the federal prisoners committing numerous amounts of crimes going to be committed as well as the chance of the numbers of rapes, murders and robberies that might come about.

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the chance of crimes happening as well as the number of probation officers needed.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
This involves the addition of something negative because the prisoners are being added back into the society.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be the drug laws changing which makes the prisoners be released because the crimes are no longer as harsh as before.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Drug usage laws changing
B= Releasing of the federal prisoners into society
C= Increasing the need of probation officers as well as the possibility for crime

URL's:
http://www.npr.org/2015/11/03/454336939/after-thousands-of-inmates-released-early-probation-officers-will-be-watching
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34716178

Terms:
antecedent, consequence, behavior, emit, target behavior

1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is:
The title of this article is “I’m a Heroin Addict” and the topic I am choosing is the habit of doing the drug itself because drug addictions are one of the most common forms of addiction I know about. The introduction of this article is a very detailed image of the writer doing heroine for the first time. He expresses the feelings of euphoria and how he was never suppose to be this way. He was a “good boy” and now he is “scum” and that he is dying. In 1987 he beat is 10 bag-a-day addiction and is now a film writer and director. The rest of the article explains the steps that “America has taken” to get us here, from the wonder drug OxyContin killing teens to the drop of price for heroin: 30$ to 7$ a bag. He ends it with how the affects of heroin can ruin lives.

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic
The target behavior would be feeling the urge to shoot up, opening a bag, mixing it with the water, and physically injecting it into themselves.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
In the writers situation, it became a full blown addiction leading to being homeless, spending 300$ a day and losing a big part of who he was. Luckily he was able to get help, but for many the end is death.

4) Tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior
Ideally you would think that losing everything you love would make you stop, but because of the high you don’t see the consequences until it is too late. Because the writer realized death was going to be his consequence, he quit his habit.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable
I don’t think either…I think it is the removal of something desirable. The happy normal life you want to live is being ruined by a horrible behavior.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
I think because this is about addiction, I am going to use curiosity mixed with trying any addictive drug for the first time. For an example, maybe the writer was at a party and was interested in trying it. Because of that one time, each time he partied he thought he would need it again to have a good time until it was a full blown addiction.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Buying/making the drug when feeling anxious
B= Injecting heroin into yourself
C= A high that becomes an addiction


NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to:

8) Briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This one is a little more humorous than the heroin one. This article is called “Behind Bars, Cheap Ramen Is As Good As Gold” and it is an interview with a man that spent a lot of time in prison who wrote a diary/cookbook of things maid in prison with Ramen. My focus is on the idea that having Ramen can lead to many things, mentioned by the author including trade, making bigger meals and so on.

9) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic
The target behavior I suppose would be buying the Ramen because what you do with it after is the ABC part.

10) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
Through trading Ramen with someone else that has something you want, you’re able to then become satisfied and possibly create a new network

11) Tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior
With positive experiences the behavior will continue to be reinforced and the frequency will increase as needed.

12) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
Depending what side of the trade you’re on… it is really both. Someone in prison that has the Ramen and doesn’t want it can get rid of it through trading and get something desirable that they do want.

13) Tell us to the antecedent is
Establishing an offer to trade ramen for something you would desire more

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Establishing a thought to trade
B= Trading ramen for something you would like better
C= Feeling satisfied with getting what you want.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-farrell/im-a-heroin-addict_b_8371058.html
http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/04/454671629/behind-bars-cheap-ramen-is-as-good-as-gold

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
ABC, Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence, Reinforce, Target Behavior

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is

The piece I am choosing this week is called Sanctuary Not Just Shelter: A New Type of Housing for the Homeless. The idea behind this article is providing homeless people with not just a place for them to sleep and to store their things. It about getting them a nice livable place where they can thrive and help motivate them to pursue jobs. The plan is to build more around the US and at the moment, one is being built in Washington DC. The Washington DC apartments tenants will have to pay 1/3 of their income towards rent. Along with the rooms, they will have a gym, a computer room, a restaurant and many other places to boost a person's mental health that sent them their in the first place. There is already an apartment building similar to the DC idea in Northern Los Angeles and it has helped many people get back onto their feet. The only downside is the cost, as the LA version was close to $16 million to build.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,

The target behavior in this piece is to lower the amount of homeless people living in the cities by building apartments that are affordable for them to live in.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence of this behavior is increasing homeless people's motivation to find jobs, increase their roles in society, and help them become happier people.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

Giving the homeless a place to live will make it so they do not need to be out on the streets and they will become more motivated people.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally

The consequence involves both. The addition is a livable home for people along with many other benefits to increase their mental health. The removal of something undesirable is the life of living on the streets and to remove the homeless people living out their knocking down the values of the area.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

Homeless people living on the streets

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Homeless people living on the streets
B= Building homes for them
C= Less homeless people living on the streets, less homeless people suffering through their problems

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.

For your news I would like you to

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is

The next piece I am choosing to write about is the popular social media platform choosing to make the switch between using stars as the means of showing that someone likes your post to hearts. Twitter said the change was due to the heart being a universal symbol that would be known across the world. Favorites "the former star" was seen as too exclusive to them. Twitter claims that the idea was very popular among their tested audience, however the social media platform's users said otherwise. A poll showed 78% of the polled users were not in favor of the change.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,

The behavior was twitter running a change of the format of the site by a test group and seeing it tested positively.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence of the behavior was twitter making the switch from favorite "stars" to like "hearts".

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

The consequence changed the frequency of the behavior by decreasing their estimated number of users who preferred the new hearts.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally

The consequence involves the addition of something desirable, which was twitter thinking people would prefer the new hearts.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.

Tested audience saying they enjoy the idea of replacing the favorite "star", to a like "heart".

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= testing a group and finding they enjoy the heart idea
B= making the switch to hearts
C= negative reviews from the switch to hearts

For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see

http://www.npr.org/2015/11/04/446584456/in-quest-to-end-homelessness-some-developers-are-going-high-end

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/03/454368845/why-no-love-for-twitters-hearts


18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

target behavior, consequence, addition, removal, desired,

1) The article that I am using for this blog assignment is about a superstitious coastal town that bans whistling. This town believed that by doing this they would have good weather.

2) The target behavior that I am using is the ban on whistling which is an example of superstitious behavior.

3) The consequence of this behavior would be having good weather.

4) The consequence of having good weather would increase the frequency of this ban to extend the duration of the ban.

5) The consequence is the addition of a desirable stimulus and that is good weather.

6) The antecedent is the Scottish Traditional Boat Festival

A = Scottish Traditional Boat Festival
B = Ban on whistling
C = Good weather

This is an example of positive reinforcement because the addition of a desirable stimulus would increase the likelihood of the target behavior.

1) The article that I am using for this section is about the verdict on Salman Khan’s hit-and-run which after 13 years reaches the final verdict.

2) The target behavior that I am using is Salman Khan’s hit-and-run.

3) The consequence of the behavior is Salman Khan gets 5 years in prison

4) This involves the addition of an aversive stimulus which is jail time.

5) This will definitely reduce the frequency of Salman Khan repeating his earlier response which was hit-and-run

6) The antecedent is the Salman Khan trial

A = Salman Khan trial
B = hit-and-run by Salman Khan
C = He gets 5 years in prison

This is an example of positive punishment because the consequence is the addition of an aversive stimulus that will reduce the frequency of the target behavior.

Reinforcement: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/7439771.stm

Punishment: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-32611490

Terms: target behavior, consequence, reinforcement, superstitious behavior, antecedent, desirable stimulus, ABC, positive reinforcement, aversive stimulus, frequency.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is.
The title of my article is "California law adds new twist to abortion, religious freedom debate." This article talks about how there will be new signs in places that make it clear that abortion is legally available in California. The article says that some of the pregnancy center are starting to sue the state, and asking that the law to be taken away. There is a sign at a center in el Cajon, California that says where they can get abortion help since they wont let them have abortions there. This sparked on a religious debate over religious freedom.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
the target behavior in this article is adding the signs outside of the pregnancy centers. the target behavior would be notify those who want to think about or want to have an abortion has somewhere they can go for sure. The sign will those individuals find the centers they need to go to get the help they want and need.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
the consequence of this behavior would be that the state would be sued on more a daily basis in order to get the signs taken down and to get the law taken away. Another consequence would be that there will more abortions happening in California.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
That consequence will change the frequency of the behavior in the way that the state may take the signs down so they don't get sued anymore. The other consequence will change the frequency of the behavior is the religious centers will strike up a big debate on abortions and try to get them banned in total.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable. The thing that wants to be removed is the signs and abortions in general. The suing of the state will probably get the signs taken away.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is the pregnancy clinic. The clinics that doesn't wont the sign to be there. The clinics that don't want abortions to happen.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= the pregnancy centers
B= The suing the state
C= getting rid of the signs and abortions.
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is.
The Article that I read was tilted "internet Surveillance Bill Could Become Disturbing Reality for UK" This article is about how the British spies would be allowed to legally hack into smartphones and computers. in the UK they might be creating a aw that allows spies to access all of your accounts and electronic devices.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior that I am using is the ability of the spies to hack all devices. All of your freedom and security would be gone.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior would be that the people that live in that country will most likely be angry and will try to sue the government. Another consequence of this behavior would be that those people on the country would stay off there devices as much as they do now.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The government will be worried about protest and people rebelling against them. They will also will be worried about being sued by everyone in the country.
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally.
The consequence involves the removal of something. the removal of something if the freedom that they used to have.
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
the antecedent would be the government making the law that the spies would be able to look into all of people devices. so the government could also be just the antecedent.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= the government
B= the government making a law that lets spies to hack devices.
C= the consequence would be everyone hating the government. And probably suing them.
terms: antecedent, behavior, target behavior, consequence.

1) summary/what topic is
The first article that I read was from the NPR website and highlighted the mega-company Google's new bootcamp to teach app and web development. While the main example used in the passage is Google and its bootcamp, the real topic of the article is the fast-growing newly-emergent phenomenon of crash-course tech classes that promise attendees guaranteed and high-paying employment. Using Google as an example again; their class is a 12 week long course which charges attendance fees of $10,000 to $20,000 and offers no perquisite degree or skills. Knowing this, it is easy to see why technology companies and for-profit education establishments have been quick to offer these high-demand tech classes. Some drawbacks to these that the article mentioned were the fact that the employment data these companies use to entice potential students may not be completely accurate. Due to this, the interest of the big private education sector, and the general lawlessness that comes with being such a young field, the Department of Education's regulators are now investigating these and similar tech class startups.
2) what behavior you're using illustrates this topic
The target behavior I've chosen to illustrate this topic is the offering of the tech-classes itself.
3)tell consequence of behavior
The consequences of this behavior would be both gaining many students very quickly, and being investigated by the Department of Education.
4) how the consequence will change the frequency of the behavior
These consequences will change the frequency of the behavior in differing ways. The garnering of many students will bring in a lot of money which will be reinforcing to the classes and would increase the behavior, but the Department of Education investigating the classes could be potentially aversive to the company and decrease the behavior.
5) tell if consequence involves removal of desirable or addition of undesirable
The consequence of having many students attend the class would be the addition of something desirable, or positive reinforcement. The consequence of the Department of Education investigating would be the addition of something undesirable or positive punishment.
6) The antecedent of the behavior would be the high-demand for low starting skill-level app and web development courses.
7) list ABC's of the behavior
A=high-demand for low starting skill-level app and web development courses
B= Offering the tech classes
C= Gaining many students and a lot of tuition, and being potentially investigated by the Department of Education
8) Summary
The second article I read for this assignment I decided to use because it contained two topics that are very important to me; animals and domestic violence. The article from Huffington Post was written by a psychologist and presents arguments and examples to suggest that there is a link between animal abuse and serious cases of domestic violence. The author writes that often the violence towards or killing of the victim's animal is used as a terror tactic to frighten and control their behavior. The abuse can also be used as punishment if the victim has done something 'wrong' or is threatening to end the relationship or go to the authorities. In some of the examples given in the article the abuser even used violence towards animals in front of children in order to manipulate their parental guardian. The harrowing statistic from a survey done in Wisconsin that the article reported related that of the “68 percent of abused women reported pet or livestock abuse by their partner – 75 percent of these incidents had occurred in front of their children”. Some reasons posited by the author of the article for why violence against animals and domestic violence have such a high co-occurrence are that the abuser feels they need to reinforce their threats and ‘prove’ their violence isn’t just words. Also, the purposeful killing of another living, breathing being often is an indicator that the perpetrator of the violence has the potential to become lethal to another human. As the relationship between both of these forms of violence has become more well-known both women’s and animal shelters have begun to work together to create safe places for victims who are human and animal.
9)The behavior I’ve chosen to illustrate this topic is the behavior of the abuser, or the violence towards domestic abuse victim’s pets.
10) The consequence of this behavior would be the fear towards the abuser and the subsequent eliciting of the desired behavior from the victim due to this.
11) The consequence of the behavior will change the frequency of the behavior by increasing it; once the abuser realizes that the violence towards the animal gives the control over the victim they will continue to use it to get their desired result.
12) This consequence involves the addition of something positive or positive reinforcement.
13) A possible antecedent of this behavior could be that the victim is not responding to abuser as desired so they enact the violence as a punishment.
14) ABC’s
A= Victim not responding to abuser
B= Abuser uses violence against the animal belonging to the victim
C= The victim then cooperating with the abuser’s demands for fear of further abuse to the animal


Terms: positive punishment, positive reinforcement, antecedent, consequence, target behavior, aversive, elicit, reinforcement,

Urls:
http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2015/11/03/451999158/the-un-college-thats-training-100-000-app-developers

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-adams/animal-cruelty-and-domest_1_b_8460196.html?utm_hp_ref=crime&ir=Crime

1) The state of California is trying to establish a new law that warns pregnant women about the possibility of conducting abortion by the center they are attending. The people against that law claim that if the law goes ahead and it is establish then we will be breaking the religious freedom because then people would not be able to carry out their faith.

2) The introduction of a law that makes medical centers to have a sign that warns pregnant women of the existence of abortion services there.

3) People who is against this law is because they considered that there would be a limitation of religious freedom.

4) If the law goes ahead it may lead to an increase of the abortion rate.

5) This would lead to an undesirable consequence because there would be more abortion, which means that there would be more babies killed before born and this would make appreciate less human life

6) The increase in the liberty of decision not affected by anything such as religion since there is a decrease of faith.

7) A= Decrease of faith and increase of undesirable pregnancies
B= Law that warns pregnant women of abortion services in medical centers
C= Increase of abortion rate and decrease of appreciation of human life

8) There is not a crisis in Psychology; there is just a need for more research and less publishing research results when there is not enough data that supports it. This has creating a crisis in confidence towards the reliability of Psychology research that would be solved when keep working on this problem not to happen.

9) There is an important amount of Psychology research that it is published even though there is not enough data that supports them.

10) There is a decrease of the confidence in the area of research when it is about Psychology.

11) There is going to be less poor Psychology research published before it is being proved that it actually works.

12) This is going to have a desirable consequence because there is going to be less poor Psychology research published and more well- design, and well-research studies that are going to be published increasing the confidence in Psychology research.

13) Decrease of confidence in Psychology research.

14) A= Decrease of confidence in Psychology research due to poor research studies being published.
B= Decrease of publication of poor research studies and increase of publication of well-design and well-research studies.
C= Increase of the confidence in Psychology research.

15) http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/04/454589142/california-law-adds-new-twist-to-abortion-religious-freedom-debate

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brian-earp/psychology-is-not-in-crisis_b_8077522.html

16) Terms and terminology used: Increase, rate, undesirable consequence, decrease, Psychology, Research, desirable consequence, increase, studies.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is:
The article that I read is called, “Here's An Easier Way To Start Moving From Broke To Comfortable As You Age.” The article talks about a retirement account created by the Obama administration called myRA that accumulates money from setting aside small amounts. The accounts are designed for people who can only save small amounts of money at a time and also may lack resources for other retirement savings such as a 401(k). The accounts are not only free to open but, also, there are no penalty fees of taking out money early. Money that goes into the account comes from the worker’s paycheck. There is no minimum amount. The idea of this account is to get people to start saving for retirement since an estimated third of workers have no pension or retirement savings.
2) The target behavior is opening a myRA account to put money into
3) The consequence is saving money
4) The frequency of the behavior will remain the same but the money will be deposited into the account however often a person is paid
5) The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable (not having a retirement savings)
6) The antecedent is being employed
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Have job
B= Open myRA account
C= Save money

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is:
The article that I read is called, “Tribal Clinic Deploys A Gym To Fend Off Diabetes”. This article talked about a health facility whose main patients are members of the six Pomo tribes in the Lakeport, California region. The health clinic offers a gym membership to those with prediabetes as well as programs for them to learn about eating healthily. The health facility focuses on Native Americans because they are twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to be diagnosed with diabetes. When a person is diagnosed with prediabetes, they are assigned to work with the health facilities person trainer, Johnny Gonzales, also, free of charge. The idea is to work with kids with prediabetes to prevent the prediabetes from developing into diabetes. Many of the people from the area are below the poverty line and would not be able to afford a gym membership elsewhere.

9) The target behavior for this article is to eat healthy and workout to lose weight
10) The consequence of eating healthy and working out to lose weight is preventing prediabetes from developing into diabetes
11) One of the patients in the article said that after losing the weight he felt so much better which, first would make it easier to workout, and also would make it more likely for him to workout and eat better since he felt so much better while doing so
12) The consequence involves the removal of something undesirable, diabetes.
13) The antecedent would be being diagnosed with prediabetes
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Being diagnosed with prediabetes
B= Eating healthy and working out to lose weight
C= Prevent the prediabetes from developing into diabetes
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/04/454613224/heres-an-easier-way-to-start-moving-from-broke-to-comfortable-as-you-age
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/04/454387701/california-tribe-puts-a-gym-in-the-clinic-to-fend-off-diabetes
18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behavior, Consequence, Behavior, Frequency, Undesirable, Antecedent, ABC’s

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The story I chose was an NPR piece. It asked girls to tweet what the hardest thing was about being a 15 year old girl. One of the tweets particularly stood out to me. In it, Yalines talks about moving out and away from her alcoholic and drug addicted mother. She did this to self-direct her behavior so that she wouldn’t turn out like her mother and would give her and her future children a better life. She is now 33 and achieved that goal for herself and her children.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
Yalines had to do a lot of things to get to where she is now. One of those things was going to work to take care of herself since she didn’t have a mother to take care of her. So I will be using going to work as her target behavior to self direct herself to have a better life (better environment and behavior) than her mother.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of going to work is that Yalines received money.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
Money allows people to provide shelter, food, clothing and other essentials and non-essentials for themselves and others. This is a good thing, it is positive reinforcement. Because of this it makes you more likely to want to keep working and possibly working even more often to get more money.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
Since this consequence involves a positive reinforcement that means it is adding something desirable.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent to Yalines working to provide for herself was moving out and away from her mother to get out of a bad environment.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Yalines moves out.
B=
Yalines gets a job and goes to work.
C= Yalines provides a better life for herself with the money from going to work.

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to
7) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The piece I chose is one on actress and singer Carrie Brownstein. It focuses on her book and her music with her band. I will be talking about how writing songs provided positive reinforcement for her.
8) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
I am using the target behavior of writing songs and how it provided desirable consequences for Carrie and therefore provided positive reinforcement.
9) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The behavior had a few different consequences. At first, it was good feelings and feelings of release, as she let out her bad feelings into the songs. It later provided more consequences including money, fame, and success.
10) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
Those are all desirable consequences, so they will continue to elicit that target behavior.
11) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
It added desirable things, such as good feelings, money, and fame.
12) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent to writing the songs was having an unhappy adolescence that she then used to inspiration and drive.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A=
Having an unhappy adolescence.
B=
Writing songs about her bad feelings.
C= Gaining good feelings, fame, money, and success.
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/11/04/452891494/you-told-us-the-hardest-things-about-being-15-15girls

http://www.npr.org/2015/11/04/452891005/music-destroys-and-music-heals-in-modern-girl

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Let us know if you have any questions.

Target behavior, behavior, antecedent, consequence, positive reinforcement, desirable, environment, self-direct, elicit

What we would like you to do is to either go to NPR (http://www.npr.org/), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to something we have covered so far and that you can apply the ABC's of behavior to.
For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article I found is about larger cities that are building big apartment style building to help get the homeless off the street. The one that is being built in Washington Dc will provide home to over 120 homeless men and women.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is to build housing for the homeless

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is that there will be less homeless people

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
This will increase the behavior of these facilities being built.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence in this article involves the addition of something desirable, because the homeless people are getting off the streets and moving into nice apartments.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The rapid increase of homelessness in bigger cities

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= rapid increase of homelessness in bigger cities
B= building larger apartment facilities to house the homeless
C= less homeless people on the streets

NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This article was about a research study that was done on the benefits of acupuncture. People who have chronic neck and back pain find it hard to find relief. A study came out stating that people who get acupuncture treatment feel that their pain relief increase by 30%, where the people who don’t get acupuncture only feel a 20% increase.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior is getting acupuncture treatments

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is reducing one’s chronic neck pain

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
This will increase the behavior, because the person will be in less pain and want to continue their treatments

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence removes the undesirable neck pain

13) tell us to the antecedent is.
Having chronic neck pain

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= having chronic neck pain
B= getting acupuncture treatments
C=having less pain in one’s neck
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://www.npr.org/2015/11/04/446584456/in-quest-to-end-homelessness-some-developers-are-going-high-end

http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/04/454628373/acupuncture-and-alexander-technique-help-chronic-neck-pain

Terms: behavior, target behavior, consequence, desirable, undesirable

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This new is about a man who was sentenced twelve years for raping a girl. They met online through social media and he flew to her home town to meet her. The first night they met he raped her, also giving her presents like a teddy bear. I relate this topic to punishment since after a bad behavior comes an adverse consequence.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
Since I am using punishment as my topic what we would want to do is extinguish the target behavior. In this case the target behavior is raping a girl.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is going to jail; in this case he was sentenced for twelve years. This behavior is against the law and ethic.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence (going to jail) will change the frequency of the behavior decreasing it because they take away your freedom. When you have to spend that much time locked in a room you won’t want to do again the behavior that put you inside.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the removal of something desirable which is freedom.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is that this man talked to the girl online and somehow decided to have sex with her without her consent.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= talking to a girl
B= raping a girl
C= going to jail

For your news I would like you to
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This new tells us about how the government of Wales wants people to value more deeply the fresh local Welsh food. They have a strategy that involves letting people know where their food come from and embracing a healthier lifestyle. They also want to make an emphasis on ecological food and its benefits for the environment as well. I relate this new to the topic discussed in class of reinforcement.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior that illustrates my topic is how embracing the fresh local food of Wales can have a big positive effect on the people.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
People will be contributing to the local business and they will also gain a healthier lifestyle. It will also make the environment a little bit better since chain food emits pollution.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
Since we are taking about a really positive consequence the frequency of the behavior will change. The behavior will increase because more people will see the good side of healthy local food.
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable and that is living a healthier lifestyle while supporting local businesses and decreasing the contamination from food chains.
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent would be the decrease of sells of local food and the increase of benefits from food chains and fast food places.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= decrease of people buying healthy food
B= plan for embracing the fresh local food of Wales
C= living a healthier lifestyle, supporting local businesses and taking care of the environment
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-34722066
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-11969412
Behavior, punishment, adverse, consequence, antecedent, extinguish, desirable, decrease, reinforcement, increase.

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
The article I read was regarding a daughter and her father. The father was in her life tell she was of the age of 8 but then he walked out of her life and only saw her a handful of times until she was an adult. Her father suffered from schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. He was eventually evicted from his apartment and was homeless. The daughter decided that she wanted to find him and try to communicate with him. However, he was suffering from so many illnesses that he couldn’t communicate so she watched from a distance and photographed his journey as a homeless man with mental illnesses. This went on for years and then she lost connection with him again for a month and then figured out he was in the hospital. He is now fully functioning and is starting to get to know his daughter and is back taking all the necessary medications.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic
The target behavior was for Diana Kim to have a closer connection with her father.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of this behavior is that now she actually knows her father and she talks to him all the time.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior
This consequence will serve as positive reinforcement because she will continue to try to connect with her father more and get to know him even better every day.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
It involves the addition of something desirable such as a loving connection between a daughter and her father showing positive reinforcement
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent to the behavior was her father disappearing from her life
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Father leaves her life
B= She searches for her father
C= Father-daughter bond is strengthened
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
Bernie Sanders originally said that we have heard enough about Hillary Clinton’s email scandal and we should move on to a different subject. However, he then said that the investigation should be ongoing and that there have been valid questions raised about Hillary’s email’s containing classified information
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic

The target behavior is to state that there should be an ongoing investigation into Hillary Clinton’s email scandal.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is
The consequence of the behavior is that it brings up again that Hillary Clinton has some skeletons in her closet and they should be investigated.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior
The consequence reminds us about the scandal and will therefore increase the frequency of the behavior about talking about the scandal
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
It involves the addition of something desirable such as the addition of something to talk about with politics.
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
Bernie Sanders saying that we should all move on from Hillary Clinton’s email scandal
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Bernie saying we should move on from the scandal
B= Bernie saying the email investigation should keep going
C= Bernie reminding us of Hillary’s email scandal
URL’S
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34420194
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/bernie-sanders-hillary-clinton-emails_563ac204e4b0307f2cac16ef
Terms: Positive reinforcement, target behavior, consequence, antecedent, behavior, frequency, desirable

1) The piece I read was about the change that twitter made that has been having people talking for the past couple days. Twitter changed a star which meant favorite to a heart which they haven’t specified exactly what it means.
2) The behavior that is happening here is change. All the other social media sites use hearts and until recently Twitter was the only one who didn’t use hearts. On Facebook a heart means that you like something. The target behavior is making the social media site allied with the other social media sites for simplicity, or functional concerns.
3) The consequence of this behavior extend from people not understanding what the heart is supposed to tell other twitter users, to people not understanding that the heart is there in replace of the star.
4) What I have noticed from the blog that was after the topic description was that the users don’t heart any tweets because of fear of getting the wrong message across to other twitter users who see their heart. While on the other had users have even increased their hearts because they want to send a message that they enjoy that person not just their tweet.
5) the consequence involves the addition of something meant to be desirable but also was implemented with the removal of an already pleasurable stimulus.
6) the antecedent is a self-opinionated one because there is no answer to why the change happened, but my impression is that the antecedent is decrease in social media numbers.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Numbers drop for Twitter
B= Change star to a heart
C= Mixed with either increase or decrease of user satisfaction.
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to
8) The topic is about how in Romania a second night of protest has happened. The first night was because of a night club that burned down where rule violations were done with the government official’s knowledge. It was said that none of the mandatory functions of a night club emergency exit was followed. People however have protested the second night because of desire of new government. The Prime Minister announced his recognition and even disbanded the government but protests were still made.
9) The target behavior is to get a new government in Romania
10) The consequence of the behavior is civilian recognition
11) The consequence of the actions that took place from the first night of protest sparked the idea that another protest will bring even more solutions that they want to see.
12) The consequence is the addition of something desirable.
13) The antecedent isn’t the nightclub fire but the prime minister stepping down after protest.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Protest causes Prime minister to step down
B= Protest again
C= Receive recognition and possible solutions
17) http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/03/454368845/why-no-love-for-twitters-hearts
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/03/454368845/why-no-love-for-twitters-hearts


18) Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence.

1.) I chose to listen to a media clip that hailed from California, where religion is throwing in a twist into how people choose abortion. The state is trying to pass a new law that makes all clinics require a sign in their lobby that say that California has many clinic that help with pregnancy, early infancy, and abortion if need be, and then list a phone number where they can get the information. As of right now, many religious clinics will take in women who need free pregnancy test, go over all their options, set up ultrasound screening for the women, and then if they still choose to go through with it, they will schedule or give them information on where to go for an abortion. One woman, who was not at a clinic to receive an abortion, but next door to have her cell phone fixed, picked up a pamphlet one day. According to this woman, the information in it was completely false, and stated that abortion causes breast cancer, and that is young women were on birth control, they would be more easily taken advantage of by men. She then moved to push the signs and instill the reproductive fact act.
2.) The target behavior ranges depending on who you are thinking about in this radio piece. Women are walking into the clinics to have abortions, receive prenatal care, and have help after having a child. The other, such as Autumn Burke (the woman who fought for the reproductive fact act) want signs telling people where to get reliable information from.
3.) Possible consequences of this would be having a child, child is aborted, and (with the signs) telling everybody exactly why the person is there.
4.) This is not a behavior that should be frequented. Say the behavior is unprotected sex with multiple partners. Then the birth of a child or an abortion of a fetus could mean that the unprotected sex would decrease. In some people’s views, abortion is just a form of contraception and they keep right on with the way they are doing things.
5.) The consequences listed above would both be addition of desirable and subtraction of undesirable.
6.) A.) Someone is drunk at a party
B.) They then have unprotected sex
C.) they find out that they are pregnant and choose to have an abortion
7.) The antecedent was “at the party drunk”
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/04/454589142/california-law-adds-new-twist-to-abortion-religious-freedom-debate
1.) There is a new account in town that people can use to save for retirement. People use this if they are not given access to a fund through their employers or if they choose not to use an IRA. This new way of saving was set up By President Obama and is intended to help young people start saving for their future to live more comfortable now and not wait years to do so.
2.) The target behavior here would be saving money for retirement. This is very broad so to narrow it down we could say that we would like to save $10 a week and put it in the account (called a myRA).
3.) Consequences of this behavior would be that money is saved for a comfortable lifestyle.
4.) This will change the frequency of the behavior by making the saving more frequent as the people are able. Eventually they will increase (for me by $10 increments per week).
5.) This is an addition of a desirable thing.
6.) The antecedent could be: I receive my pay check.
7.) A.) Receive my pay check
B.) Save $10 a week
C.) save more money for retirement.
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/04/454613224/heres-an-easier-way-to-start-moving-from-broke-to-comfortable-as-you-age
Target Behavior
Antecedent
Consequences

1) The piece I chose to talk about in this assignment is called “The Brain’s GPS May Also Help Us Map Our Memories. This article is about targeting that gene that is your GPS in your brain. This is that mental map you make up when where you are trying to remember where to go. These cells are called grid cells and they are finding out in animal research that using these cells also use a part of the memory. For example, every time you lose your keys you have to go into your memory and your grid cells help you use that mental map to go in reverse to figure out where you left your keys.
2) This topic can’t relate to what we are learning because of the technique of using your mental maps to find something. Basically you are reinforcing yourself every time you find that article while you are using that mental maps process. My target behavior for this would figuring what else is connected with the grid cell by doing the same tests on animal researches. This is the target behavior because it’s what they are looking for in the experiment as the end result.
3) The consequence to this behavior would be finding out that the grid cells that deal with mental GPS connect to your memory. This will also lead to finding out how to get some lost memories back. This is the consequence because it the effect or what happens after you do your behavior. This is the real result of your behavior.
4) The consequence will change the frequency of the behavior from learning knew information so they will no longer need to do that research or they can start a new research. If you think about it, you find out the information you are looking for in the experiment, then you no longer need to test that out, you can now use that new information to start a new behavior of that new research.
5) This consequence involves the addition of something desirable because they are wanting to find something that help them figure our more things about of the brain and our human bodies which is very complex! This may also be desirable to them because they could get a bonus of money from there company or even get more vacations time. This would be very desirable to anyone in our society.
6) The antecedent is what exists before doing a behavior. This would be finding the gird cells and wanted to find out more information about them to help benefit the program.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Finding grid cells and wanted to find out more about them
B= experimenting with animals research
C= Finding out that the grid cells are connected with you memory and can help you find some forgotten memories
8) The next article that I would like to talk about is called The Health Benefits of Chocolate You Might Not Know About (Plus a Cupcake recipe!). This article is talking about the good things that chocolate does to you when you eat it. First of all it improves your happiness by releasing neurotransmitter that make you feel happy. Next Chocolate make you actually eat less. Hard to believe, but yes it is true. It also maintains how healthy your cardiovascular system is. Next, it makes your skin glow and helps you not get sun burnt as bad. Crazy huh? Lastly it increases the creation of new mitochondria which is included with the cellular rejuvenation. This means it’s an anti-aging factor if used.
9) This relate to our topics in class by our abcs of behavior. It also is what most people would like to use (chocolate) as a reinforcement for classical conditioning or modifying a behavior you want to change. The target behavior for me would be finding out what chocolate does to you.
10) The consequence of this behavior would be finding out the many ways the chocolate is actually healthy and good for your body. Most important that it makes you eat less, which almost everyone believes right now that chocolate make you eat more.
11) The consequence will change the frequency of the behavior by letting people feel happy about what they are eating instead of retreating it.
12) This consequence involves the addition of something desirable, which is that chocolate is good for you, and almost everyone want to believe that chocolate is good for you. So finding out it actually is, I very positivity rewarding.
13) The antecedent for this behavior is finding out what chocolate does to your body. Is it truly all that bad for you, just like what most people say about it?
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= what does chocolate do to your body?
B= many and many tests put together to get an answer
C= Finding out that there are some positive things about eating chocolate that most people would not believe or just don’t know about.
17) Sources:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dave-asprey/chocolate-health-benefits_b_8456230.html
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/04/454651329/the-brains-gps-may-also-help-us-map-our-memories
18) Terms: mental maps, behavior, grid cells, reinforcement, target behaviors, consequences, desirable, antecedent, classical condition, modifying your behavior.

1. The article I found was about a new homeless shelter being built in D.C. and one that has already been built in L.A. Both of these shelters are built to actually be places that people would desire to live. They will also be offering job counseling and social services in house. The cost to live is about a third of whatever they earn. The idea behind this is that having a positive environment that can actually feel like a home will lead to a better quality of life for them.
2. The target behavior I'm highlighting is maintaining employment.
3. The consequence of this behavior is earning money and avoiding becoming homeless again.
4. The consequence of having money will help encourage them to continue work, as we know money is a very effective general enforcer.
5. The consequence is the addition of something desirable, i.e. money.
6. The antecedent is having an improved living space with services to help encourage the formerly homeless to succeed. In this case the antecedent is really important, as it can be the difference between someone returning to being homeless or not.
7. A-Offering accommodations that are desirable, with various services for homeless
B- Maintaining employment
C- money, avoidance of homelessness

8.The second article I found is about gay latino men taking an HIV preventative pill called Truvada which is very effective. The article talks about how stigma in latino culture prevents a lot of gay latinos from getting this important preventative pill.
9. The target behavior is taking Truvada
10. The consequence of this behavior is insuring that you don't contract HIV.
11.The consequence is one of those ones which would increase the frequency of the behavior if the subject found themselves in a situation where they very much could have contracted HIV without the drug.
12. The consequence is the removal of something undesirable.
13. The antecedent is the stigma in Latino culture surrounding this drug.
14. A-Stigma in Latino culture
B- Taking Truvada
C- Not contracting HIV

http://www.npr.org/2015/11/04/446584456/in-quest-to-end-homelessness-some-developers-are-going-high-end

http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/11/04/454333337/stigma-keeps-many-gay-latinos-off-hiv-prevention-pill
consequence, antecedent, behavior, stigma, frequency,

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is

My topic is going over attainable goals and what it means to have an attainable goal. Another way of phrasing this would be to have the ability to meet your goal and have all other aspects meet with this and make it possible for someone to complete their goal. My article discusses the “forgotten millennial goals.” This intrigued me because the article discusses what goals and major topic are being forgotten in today’s world, but are actually incredibly important. The three main topics mentioned are gender equality, improvements in health systems, and improvements in education systems. The reason each of these (particularly health systems) are unable to really complete their goals is a lack of donors, a lack of motivation in the general public, and in reality, a lack of specificity.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,

The target behavior that illustrates this topic is the fact that none of these three millennial goals mentioned are being completed due to the lack of attainability and ability of those trying to change those goals.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence of the behavior is that we are still struggling with problems that have been in the works for hundreds or thousands of years, and also those that have been in a major focus in the media over the past decade. People are still facing major health issues, people are not being educated, and gender equality is far from a truth worldwide.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

If anything, this emitting of lack of improvement in these three Millennial goals will not only perpetuate the problem, but hopefully increase awareness and severity of the problem - in order to get the attention of those who can actually do something about the problem. Hopefully, the consequence will decrease the frequency of the behavior (ignoring the problems in the world) and will increase the likelihood of actions being taken by those who can make a big difference in the issues.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally

The consequence involves the addition of more and more people suffering and dealing with these issues - hopefully to the point where it becomes noticed and has to be dealt with, instead of people ignoring the problems and “forgetting” these major millennial goals, which are so often spoken about passionately by our generation.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent is that there is a lack of gender equality, healthcare, and education worldwide.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= Problem of lack of gender equality, healthcare, and education worldwide
B= People tend to ignore problems that don’t directly effect them
C=The problem continues and the world has increased level of those who do not have gender equality, healthcare, and education

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is

In this piece, it features Oprah and her take on how to accomplish goals or dreams. I found her approach incredibly vague and honestly not very likely for people to accomplish their goals. I wanted to focus on the entire goal making process, specifically, specificity. This part is so important to the success of goals and dreams and I think this article involving Oprah, a very influential person, is very interesting because compared to what we learned in the reading, Oprah’s method is in fact, not very good!

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,

The target behavior that helps me to illustrate my topic is in fact the process of completing a dream or a goal.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence of the behavior is that someone could begin to work towards their goal and potentially work towards their dream coming true, or at least completing their goal.

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

The consequence could potentially increase or decrease the frequency of the behavior, pending if the consequence is positive or negative. If positive, it is likely that the person will continue to make goals in the future and be reinforced to do so. If negative, a person could potentially view this as a punishment and no longer desire to create goals and work towards them.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally

This could potentially go either or. The consequence could add something desirable by the individual accomplishing their goal, but it could also potentially cause the removal of something desirable but not getting their goal accomplished.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.

A person wants to accomplish something, a dream of some sort, and they need to find a way to do work towards this.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior

A= you want to accomplish something
B= you create a goal (step by step)
C= you work towards completing that goal

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4248082.stm

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/01/setting-goals-oprah-dreams_n_2593552.html

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

specificity, attainability, goals, target behavior, behavior, antecedent, consequence, emit, elicit, reinforcement, punishment

1) Briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is

My topic is about a Palestinian man who rammed his vehicle into an Israeli police officer in the West Bank. The police officer was seriously injured but the attacker was shot and killed immediately. The article goes on to talk about the recent rise of violence among Palestinians and Israelis over the last two months. There are multiple attacks on both Israelis and Palestinians daily, mostly lone-wolf attackers with knives or guns trying to kill as many victims as possible. With the increase in violence Israel’s parliament implemented laws that made tougher penalties against Palestinians for throwing rocks at Israelis.

2) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,

The target behavior that is illustrated in this article was the ramming of a car into an Israeli police officer.

3) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence of the behavior was that the Palestinian man who was driving the car was shot and killed for his actions. Another consequence could be that the police officer was seriously injured. This behavior could also spark another consequence which further fuels the ongoing violence among the Palestinians and Israelis.

4) Tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

The consequence will change the frequency of the behavior by decreasing the likelihood that the target behavior will be emitted by the Palestinian man because he was killed and therefore will not be able to emit the same behavior again. In regards to the consequence of the police officer becoming seriously injured the likelihood of the behavior occurring again will increase because the Palestinians want to hurt Israelis and will continue to ram vehicles into people so long as they injure them.

5) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable,

The consequence involves the addition of something desirable. It involves the addition of causing serious injury to an Israeli which is a desirable consequence in the eyes of the Palestinian.

6) Tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent is the ongoing violence and brink of war between the Israelis and Palestinians.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Ongoing violence between Israelis and Palestinians
B= Ramming a vehicle into an Israeli police officer
C= The police officer sustained serious bodily injuries

8) Briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is

This article describes the daily life and death struggle on the Greek island of Lesbos. Within the past three weeks over 100,000 migrants and refugees have reached the six miles of shore in northern Lesbos, Greece. The task of volunteers trying to help the migrants ashore is daunting and often overwhelming because many times people and children are dying left and right. There are hundreds of volunteers who have been helping the refugees reach shore. The topic I have chosen to write about from this article is about how the volunteers tackle the challenge of saving refugees who can’t swim to shore.

9) Tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,

The target behavior that helps me to illustrate my topic is the jet-skis that the volunteers use to bring stranded migrants unable to swim to shore.

10) Tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,

The consequence of the behavior is that lives are being saved by recusing those who are unable to swim so that they don’t drown in the water and perish.

11) Tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,

The consequence of this behavior will increase the likelihood that the behavior of using jet-skis to rescue people because it has helped to save lives, saving lives in turn will continue to increase the use of the jet-skis to save even more lives.

12) Tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable,

The consequence of this behavior can both involve the addition of something desirable and the removal of something undesirable. In regards to the removal of something undesirable the consequence of saving lives removes the migrant from the deadly waters, and being in the water is undesirable. In regards to the addition of something desirable the feeling one gets from saving someone’s life is something that is an added desire.

13) Tell us to the antecedent is.

The antecedent in this case is the stranded migrants in the water who are unable to swim.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Stranded migrants unable to swim
B= Volunteers using jet-skis to rescue stranded migrants who can’t swim
C= Saving the lives of migrants who otherwise would perish in the waters

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.

http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/palestinian-rams-car-israeli-officer-shot-dead-34960153

http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/beach-rescuers-life-death-struggle-greece-island-34965857

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Consequence, Behavior, Antecedent, Frequency, Emit, Target Behavior, Desirable, Undesirable

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
- Many parents believe that getting their child vaccinated is dangerous and could be a life or death situation. This is in fact untrue and there is research to back up the defense for vaccinations. There was a recent outbreak of the measles and parents still didn’t want to vaccinate their child, so officials are trying to figure out a way to encourage parents to be proactive and vaccinate their children.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
- The target behavior is vaccinating your child.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
- The consequence would be that your child is in fact safe and won’t put other children at risk of being sick.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
- If parents knew and actually believed that vaccinations are safe, then more children would be protected and having an outbreak of, for example, the measles wouldn’t happen again. Or it would be much less likely to occur.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
- The consequence involves adding something to the behavior, making an appointment, going and talking to the doctor, and then getting vaccinated.

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
- The antecedent is the parents predetermined opinion of vaccinations as being dangerous.

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Parents listen to doctors and research and know the vaccinations are safe.
B= Children go to the doctor and get vaccinated.
C= More children are immunized and protected against the children who aren’t.

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
- A little boy was missing for 13 years has finally been found safely. His father was taking him to preschool in 2002 and he fled with the child. The boy, Julian, was trying to apply to universities but was having problems with his social security number. So the school counselor tried to help him and saw that he was listed in the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. His father was arrested and is now in jail.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
- The target behavior is the kidnapping of a child.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
- The consequence was that the child was found 13 years later and his father is now in jail with a $250,000 bail.

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
- The consequence should decrease kidnapping that happen everywhere, but sadly it doesn’t and this terrible crime happens all the time.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
- The consequence adds jail time and a bail of $250,000 for the target behavior of kidnapping.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.
- The antecedent wasn’t clearly given but from what I understand, the father was suppose to take his child to preschool but instead he ran away to another state with the 5 year old.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Taking child to preschool but running away instead.
B= Hiding his child for 13 years in another state and tampering with the child’s records.
C= The child was found and the father was arrested with a high bail.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
- http://www.npr.org/2015/02/04/383724467/the-psychology-behind-why-some-kids-go-unvaccinated
- http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34737471

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
- Target behavior, antecedent, consequence

My first topic in this post is about a study on children who read and watch Harry Potter material, and this material’s effect on their attitudes towards disadvantaged people. This relates to the major topic of behavior modification. The target behavior is reading Harry Potter and watching Harry Potter movies. The consequence is a changed attitude toward disadvantaged people; this would include minorities, refugees, immigrants, and homosexuals.

The effect seems to be underlying, or unconscious. It may not change the frequency of the behavior as much as it does increase the frequency of the consequence. The consequence has the addition of something desirable: a better attitude toward the underprivileged. According to the article, this behavior would actually be a “good tool against prejudice.” However, we could also look at it as being a removal of a bad attitude toward the underprivileged.

The ABC's of the behavior
A=Environment in which the child is exposed to the movie or book
B=Reading or watching the book or movie
C=A better attitude toward the underprivileged

I read another article about a man who snatched Serena William’s phone at a restaurant; she then chased him out of the restaurant and caught up with him to get her phone back. The behavior is stealing the phone. She chases him down, and the consequence is that gets it back. The consequence adds something desirable to Serena: getting her phone back. However, the man is punished by getting beat by a girl and having to give the phone back. The antecedent is Serena being at the restaurant with her phone. It is likely the incident will decrease the behavior for the man,.

ABC's of the behavior
A=Serena eating at the restaurant with her phone
B=Man stealing the phone
C=She gets her phone back

Terms: Antecedent, Behavior, Target Behavior, Consequence, Frequency, Behavior Modification, Desirable, Undesirable, Punished

Resources
http://www.npr.org/2015/05/01/403474870/does-reading-harry-potter-have-an-effect-on-your-behavior
http://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/34725563

For your news I would like you to
1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This article discusses the pros and cons of working out in the morning and working out in the evening.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior in this article is find the best time that work for you to get an effective workout.
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
There are several consequences of not know the best time for you to work out. Some of those consequences are not working out, obesity rising, lack of energy, and not achieving your fitness goals.
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
If the individual does not chose the best time for them to work out, then they will skip their workout which will make working out ineffective.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
Having an effective workout routine will help gain healthy lifestyle and my energy.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent in this article is working out.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Workout
B= choosing the right time to work out
C= make the workout effective
For your news I would like you to
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This article is about parents losing confident in their parenting skills for their adolescent kids at the time that they need their parents the most. Due to stereotypes about adolescent.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior in this article is parents losing confident in their parenting skills for their adolescent kids.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of this behavior is kids not getting the parenting they need at the time they need it the most.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
If parents do not show the adolescents attends or are scared to discipline their adolescents, it is going to lead their children to do things that they show not be doing
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves adolescents losing out on parenting because of stereotypes.
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent in this article Stereotype of adolescents.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= stereotype of adolescents
B= parents losing confident in their parenting skills for their adolescent kids
C= kids not getting the parenting they need at the time they need it the most

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/best-time-to-work out_562e302ee4b0aac0b8fd5f29?ir=Healthy%2BLiving§ion=healthy-living
http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/05/454598615/stereotypes-about-teens-can-undermine-parents-confidence
Terms: target behavior, consequence, antecedent

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This first article that I selected involves parents feelings towards adolescence and how parents have a tendency to dread dealing with their children during their “teenage years”. The reason parents feel this way is mostly due to societal stereotypes implying that the teenage years are awful and unmanageable. A study was conducted and they found that when parents felt that they could handle their children’s attitudes, they were more likely to engage in positive and open communication with their children. Parents who felt that they could not handle their children’s attitudes felt stress and were less likely to communicate with their children, therefore increasing the changes for the child to engage in risky behavior.
2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
Parents feeling like they cannot handle their children’s behaviors during the teenage years.
Parents who are able to handle their children’s behaviors during adolesence
3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
Parents who do not feel as though they can handle their children during adolescence are unable to effectively communicate with their children,
Parents feeling positive enable to effectively communicate with their children
4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The less parents are involved in their children’s lives by actively communicating, the more at risk children are for being involved with potentially harmful behaviors.
The more parents communicate with their children, there is a significantly lower chance that children will engage in harmful behaviors.
5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
In this case the consequence of being able to communicate effectively with the children involves something desirable because the children are less likely to engage in harmful behavior. That open line of communication is the addition of something positive to a negative situation.
6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The situation is that society makes parents feel as though they are in for a terrible time when they have children who are adolescents. It is almost as if adolescence is this dreaded time for parents and they are to expect that they cannot handle the child. It all seems to depend upon whether or not the parent chooses to let society standards influence them.
7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Parents feel positive about handling an adolescent
B= Parent communicates with child
C=Child is less likely to be involved in harmful behaviors
NOW what we would like you to do is to either go to a different news source, NPR (http://www.npr.org/ ), the BBC (http://www.bbc.co.uk/ ) there are some good news source links at the bottom of the following page (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ listed in their news sources) and read, watch, or listen to something that is interesting to you and relates to a different topic we have covered so far.
For your news I would like you to
8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
This article discussed the impact of calorie labeling in restaurants and how although it may not be helping the customer to monitor their caloric intake it is helping restaurants to be aware of their menus. In 2016 Restaurants with 20 or more buildings will have to offer calories on their menus as mandated by the Affordable Care Act.
9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic
Restaurants enabling the public to make healthier decisions concerning their nutritional value.
10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The Affordable Care Act mandating that restaurants will post the number of calories each dish contains starting in 2016.
11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
Restaurants taking a deeper look at the food choices that they offer to the public and they adjust them to lower the calorie count of each selection.
12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
In my opinion the consequence involves something desireable because I would like to make healthier choices when I go out to eat, as I am sure other people do as well. That being said, this is a wonderful example of how our nation is trying to take steps in order to promote healthier lifestyles and by eating healthier it can have a significant impact on your overall quality of life.
13) tell us to the antecedent is.
I would say that the initial experiment with New York restaurants that involved a study where calories were posted on the menus of the dining establishments. This led to the Affordable Care Act in 2016.
14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Impending Affordable Care Act of 2016
B= Restaurant's monitoring calories on their menus
C=Restaurants offering healthier choices/the public is able to make smarter choices about their nutrition.
For originality sake, make sure the pieces of news you have selected are not the same as other students.
17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
18) Terminology: Antecedent, Consequent, Behavior, Frequency

http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/11/05/454598615/stereotypes-about-teens-can-undermine-parents-confidence

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/calorie-labels-on-menus-effect_563962d4e4b0411d306ed1da

1) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is.
The piece of news that I wrote about this week is the backlash movie director Quentin Tarantino is getting after emitting the behavior boycotting against police shootings as a whole. He calls it like he sees it and is calling some of these high profile police shooting cases and labeling the cops as murderers. A topic that is being discussed is that of high profile people publicly boycotting and the results as they do this.

2) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
The target behavior being illustrated is boycotting. In this example is just happens to be a well-known influential public figure emitting the behavior.

3) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
A consequence of this behavior is negative publicity towards the figure, which can further lead to project defamation and loss of work.

4) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
If the consequence is successful and the project defamation is a success, then the frequency of the behavior would most likely decrease. However, if the consequence does not cause a hindrance, the behavior will continue to be emitted because of the firm resolution of the cause held by the individual.

5) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence, in this case is a form of punishment, involves the addition of something undesirable, or the removal of something desired. Two examples are given, one is of positive punishment, and the other is of negative punishment. The additional object is that of poor press, this is aversive for many people. The poor press is something that is added to the person. The second is the removal of something desired, and that is how people will boycott his projects and he will lose money and his comfortable lifestyle (in an extreme example).

6) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent in this case is the shooting of a civilian by a police officer that is later viewed as murder instead of “self-defense.”

7) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Police shooting viewed as a murder
B= Boycotting individual
C= Defamation of the individual

8) briefly describe/summarize your piece and tell us what your topic is
In the second news source, a Russian travel plane was brought down in Egypt and the cause is currently unknown. The likely source of the crash is from a bomb, which is being pointed towards terrorist activities. 224 people died on the plane because of the crash, and the UK Government is still investigating what happened to prevent further bombing measures.

9) tell us what behavior (target behavior) you are using that illustrates your topic,
My target behavior that is illustrated in the example is that of blowing up planes with a bomb in the hopes of causing terror in people’s lives. The behavior fits into the behavior class of inciting terror.

10) tell us what the consequence of the behavior is,
The consequence of the target behavior is fear, pandemonium, terror, in the lives and countries of those affected and those world-wide. In each case, the act will reach global recognition and further add to those who do these things.

11) tell us how, that consequence will change the frequency of the behavior,
The consequence will increase the frequency of the behavior because that is exactly what a “terrorist” wants to elicit from bystanders. If the consequence was something undesirable, such as getting bombed in the areas that these terrorists were living, the behavior would ideally decrease.

12) tell us if the consequence involves the addition of something desirable or if it involves the removal of something undesirable, finally
The consequence involves the addition of something desirable. It reinforces the behavior because it adds the fear into people’s lives that the terrorist is attempting to cause. Because of this positive reinforcement, it is likely that the behavior will continue to happen.

13) tell us to the antecedent is.
The antecedent is a political power that allows disarray and confusion amongst its people. Another plausible antecedent is that of a firm conviction to cause terror.

14) Please then list the ABC's of the behavior
A= Disarrayed political system
B= Blowing up a plane
C= Terror and fear in the country
For originality sake, make sure the news pieces you are not using the same pieces of news the other students before you just used.

17) When you are done, copy and paste the URLs at the bottom so we can go and see the sources you used.
http://www.npr.org/2015/11/04/454583143/quentin-tarantino-at-the-eye-of-a-firestorm-and-a-brewing-culture-war
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34724604

18) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Emitting, behavior, target behavior, aversive, consequence, antecedent, punishment, positive punishment, negative punishment, elicit, bystanders, reinforces, behavior class, positive reinforcement

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