Reading Activity Week #13 (Due Monday)

One thing that I really liked about this section was how it gave alternative options to use for aversive behavior instead of punishment. I really like the idea of the “toy timeout.” I really liked this idea because of instead of having to punish the children over fighting over a toy the parents can then just remove the object that is causing the aversive problem. Thus eliminating the problem and having to punish the children.

There wasn’t really one thing that I disliked about this section. I felt that all of the information I read in this section could be put to good use and was very valuable.

One thing that I will definitely remember is the idea of the “toy timeout” as stated before. I think this is memorable because it shows an alternative to having to punish one’s children. I think that this is something all parents should know about and should try to enforce with their own children. Another concept that I found to be memorable was “removing the NO’s” or the extent to which we can control the environment. If we can exert some control over our own environment to get the behavior that we want this can be very helpful. Like the example in the book if one removes the NO’s from the environment this can in turn the change what the children observe and how they react. Lastly, I will remember from this section the idea of DRO’s or differential reinforcement of other behavior. This is the idea of reducing a behavior which can be elicited by changing the environment. Changing the environment is something that we should always consider when implementing a behavior modification program.

Day 1= 0 snacking behaviors
Day 2= 2 snacking behaviors
Day 3= 0 snacking behaviors
Day 4= 1 snacking behavior
Day 5= 2 snacking behaviors
Day 6= 0 snacking behaviors
Day 7= 3 snacking behaviors

My project is going alright so far. It, just like the water drinking activity, is difficult to keep track of data just because it is something that I am not use to doing. My reinforcement plan seems to be working and hopefully my behavior continues to decrease as I continue to implement the plan.

Terms: behavior, antecedents, environment, behavior modification, aversive, punishment, differential reinforcement of other behavior

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I liked this section a lot because it took a look at behavior modification in a different direction. This whole semester we have been talking about changing behavior through reinforcement or punishment so it was interesting to hear information on changing the antecedent.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
There was nothing about this section that I particularly disliked because it was a short glimpse that explained the concept very well.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
The first thing I will remember is how useful it can be to change or remove the antecedent rather than a reinforcer. I will remember this because we have never approached this concept before although it is a fairly obvious one it is nice to have examples. Another thing I will remember from this section is the Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior and how they are effective in reducing the behavior that is elicited when the environment is changed. The last thing I will remember is the concept of toy time outs because it can be applied to almost anything. With using this type of behavior modification, one can change the environment by removing an antecedent as well as disrupting the operant behavior.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = N/A
Day 2 =16
Day 3 =N/A
Day 4 =18
Day 5 =17
Day 6 =19
Day 7 =19
Average = 17.8

4b) My project is going well so far although I have yet to reach my goal. It has been a week of late nights with papers and projects so I was able to work extra hard at adding more pull-ups in order to get my extra time of sleep in the morning.

Terminology: behavior modification, reinforcement, punishment, antecedent, reinforcer, Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior, elicit, and operant behavior

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?

I really liked this section not only because it definitely helped me fully understand what it means to change the antecedent, but it also taught me new lessons about parenting. Like how children learn a lot through observational learning, so changing our environment where we won't have to say "no" very often will help keep children from becoming more rebellious.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?

It's hard to say I disliked anything in particular in this section. I only wish it was longer or gave more examples with about raising children, but that's more of a personal preference since I want to work with children.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?

I will remember that reinforcement is always more effective than punishment, that you can manipulate your environment to lead to more desired consequences and that leading through example is very helpful in behavioral modification of others.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Time went to bed

Day 1 = Went to bed at 2, slept 3:30a-10:30a
Day 2 = Slept 2a-10:30
Day 3 = 2-10
Day 4 = 1:45a-12p
Day 5 = 2a-12:20p
Day 6 = 12:20a-9:40
Day 7 = 2a-8:45a
Average = 1:45a bedtime, slept 8.7 hours

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?

It's going overall great. I'm starting to get more of a steady sleep schedule, but I have been having trouble keeping up with the rewarding myself. It's seems I want to succeed with this behavioral intervention more than I want my reward.

Terminology: antecedent, observational learning, reinforcement, punishment, manipulate, consequence

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why? I really liked the two boxes asking us to describe 3 environments we have little control over in our own lives and the next boxing asking how we might control this environment. It really made me stop and thing and challenge myself on a different level than I had done with my own project.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why? There was nothing in this chapter that I did not like. It was very short, easy, and quick to the point.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why? Three things that I will remember from this chapter are that we can make changes in the environment that will make changes in our behavior. By changing the antecedent in a environment you can significantly modify the behavior. Lastly, DRO are an effective way to reduce a behavior and can be elicited by changing the environment.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 (Monday) =
0
Day 2 (Tuesday) =
0
Day 3 (Wednesday) =
1
Day 4 (Thursday) =
2
Day 5 (Friday) =
3
Day 6 (Saturday) =
2
Day 7 (Sunday) =0
Average = 1.14

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
My project has been going even better than I planned so far. My antecedents must be working better than I thought they would because my behavior has increased so much more over the has been so much fun I didn’t even return home this weekend, which was my reinforcer. By changing my antecedents and trying just a little bit harder my target behavior has not only increased but also elicited the behavior of my friends contacting me more to hangout and do the things I like to do as well.

Terms: Antecedents, reinforcer, target behavior, elicited, DRO

1.) One thing I liked most about this section was learning about toy time outs since it will be very helpful for the future when I decide to have kids, and it also will help at my job coaching gymnastics to children and sharing the equipment and toys that are there.

2.) One thing I liked least about this section was reading about observational learning since we cover that topic in many other psychology classes, and was bored rereading what I already know.

3.) Some things I will remember from this section was the process of the toy timeouts. Rather than punishing the child by putting them in a time out situation, negative punishment, use the concept that the toy has created and the toy needs to be punished by getting a time out. I will remember that differential reinforcement of other behaviors are an effective way to reduce a behavior and can be elicited by changing the environment. I will also remember that changing the antecedent should always be considered
when implementing behavior modification.

4.) Week 2 Cardiovascular exercise in minutes
Day 1= 250
Day 2= 220
Day 3= 235
Day 4= 195
Day 5= 300
Day 6= 360
Day 7= 105
Average= 237.86

Terms-Observational learning, punishment, negative punishment, differential reinforcement of other behaviors, behavior modification, elicit, antecedent

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I liked the section about removing the NOs in the environment. This is especially useful with younger children and it’s not something I’ve ever really thought of. I think it could translate to my job right now where I work with adolescents. I have to say no so often and it often escalates them. No one wants to hear “No” when they really want something. I’ve noticed that I have begun rephrasing my answers at times to include the possibility IF they do something first or I will ask them their own question if it seems like an unreasonable request. Overall I just hadn’t realized how much control we have over every situation if we take the time to look at it and find ways to modify the environment.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
I actually found the topics in this section to be interesting so the only thing I can think of that I disliked is that it was short and it could have included more information or examples.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
The first thing I will remember is that we can reduce undesired behaviors by controlling the environment so that it contains the proper antecedents to elicit the behaviors we want. This seems like a lot of work but if you think about what the undesired behavior is and what could be causing it in the environment then you can pinpoint the antecedent and work on manipulating that to help modify the behaviors that follow it. The second thing I will remember is that we are able to remove the NOs in the environment and that this is an effective way to potentially help with the terrible twos because infants/kids learn through observational learning. So if we set the example of rarely saying the word “No,” then kids will be less likely to use that word when their parents ask them to do something. The third thing that I thought was important is that manipulating the antecedent is one of the most powerful ways to modify a behavior. It makes sense to change the thing that encourages the behavior rather than the behavior itself.

4a) Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = Tues - 0
Day 2 = Wed – 2
Day 3 = Thurs – 0
Day 4 = Fri - 0
Day 5 = Sat - 2
Day 6 = Sun - 0
Day 7 = Mon - 4
Total Reports= 8

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
This week I accomplished a lot of my reports but I was behind from last week. This week I was able to catch up on all but two reports and I plan to finish those tomorrow before my team meeting so that I am able to successfully complete my goal. I have found that I am doing better at making time to do the reports but I still struggle with getting them all done. I also still need more time to decide if the reinforcement works because I failed last week so I didn’t get to eat with my co-workers but I did then finish two weekly reports the next day so that may or may not have been due to the lack of a reinforcement.

5) Terminology: remove the NOs, modify, escalate, reduce, undesired behaviors, antecedents, elicit, manipulate, observational learning, behavior, reinforcement

1. I liked the section on changing the environment. It provided lots of examples of ways people can change their behavior or the behaviors of others by changing a few things in the environment. It also allowed us to create our own ideas of things that we can do to change specific behaviors, such as how to decrease our alcohol intake or avoid getting speeding tickets. Changing the environment changes what behaviors the subjects will emit.

2. I found the section on differential reinforcement of other behaviors to be a less interesting section. The behaviors given as examples all seemed silly to me. This might be because I often want snack food and become easily frustrated when I am unable to have any. I also had a hard time thinking of ways I can change my behaviors in environments that I have little control over. I prefer to attempt to change behaviors through punishment and reinforcement, both positive and negative.

3. I will remember that the antecedent is the environment and context from which all behaviors emerge. Controlling the antecedent is thought to be a way to control the behavior that is occurring. I will remember that if you have a behavior you want to change, you can start another behavior that cannot coexist with the behavior you want to stop. I will also remember that changing the environment while an undesirable behavior is occurring will disrupt the behavior and cause it to cease.

4.
Day 1- no nap
Day 2- no nap
Day 3- no nap
Day 4-no nap
Day 5- no nap
Day 6- no nap
Day 7- no nap

My project is going exceptionally well, but I think that had more to do with the circumstances I was under last week, rather than my decisions to emit a certain behavior. I normally nap Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays when I am done with class (around noon). I cannot nap on Tuesdays and Thursdays because I have class from 11-5. This week, I had to work m,w,f from 12-5, so I was unable to take a nap. This week I do not work until later on Monday and have Wednesday off as well, so it will take more willpower for me to keep up my behaviors. This week will definitely be more about discipline than the previous week.

terms:
environment, behavior, decrease, emit, DRO, punishment, reinforcement, positive, negative, antecedent, context, emit, discipline

1.a.b.) I really like the idea of the "toy time out" I babysit my little cousins a lot and this idea could help. The kids will see it as the toy was bad and not them. I love the idea of changing the antecedent instead of adding punishment or reinforcement.
2.) There was nothing I did not like about this section. I found it very easy to read and understand. I liked it because finally we are talking about the antecedent and not the behavior.
3.a.b.c.) I think I will remember is Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior. This is where we reinforce a different behavior to distract from and undesirable behavior. I will also remember that we can always change our environment to affect our behaviors. I will remember this because I think it is a great idea and something I do not normally think to do. Lastly, I will remember the ABC's to change a behavior. I will remember this because we have been talking about it all semester.
4.a.) The bed time thing is not going so hot for me.
Week 2:
Day 1=yes
Day 2=no
Day 3=yes
Day 4=no
Day 5=yes
Day 6=no
Day 7=no
Average=42% of the week I went to bed when I was suppose to.
4.b.)I really want to get on a better sleeping schedule but this is much harder than making sure I drink more water. My changing my bed time I am changing the whole structure of my day. I normally do most of my homework or paperwork for my sorority late at night because I have class and meetings in the morning and then I work all afternoon until 11 at night. I have to change my time management skills in order to fit everything in and go to bed before 12:30 am on school nights.
5.) Terms: antecedent, reinforcement, punishment, Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior, "Toy Time Out", environment

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I really liked that there was an example. I understood the information, but it made it much easier to use it in real life.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
I didn't dislike anything about this chapter. It was really easy to understand.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
I will remember that instead of punishing children when they are fighting over a toy to remove the toy from the situation. Also instead of telling my child no all the time, I will remember to make the area as safe as possible so I don't have to repeatedly tell my daughter no. As well as not having to worry about there getting into anything, or hurting herself. I will also remember DRO in that we can control to environment to reduce undesired behaviors.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 =o
Day 2 =1hr 15min
Day 3 =0
Day 4 =0
Day 5 =1hr 30 min
Day 6 =0
Day 7 =0
Average =23.5 minutes per day.

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
I didn't exercise 4 times a week for an hour each. I have been really busy and trying to juggle everything has been sort of difficult. This week I am going to try to budget my time better, and not waste time.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Punishment, DRO

1) One thing I really liked about this section was although it was a shorter one, it got right to the point and gave a lot of good information within the little amount of text. I also liked how in the information we got, there was also everyday examples which made it easier for me to relate to if I wasn’t sure on the meaning of a word or what was actually meant by it.

2) One thing I disliked about this section was the topic about DRO. I feel like that could have been elaborated a little more besides the candy example that it covered because thinking of an example of that seems to be harder since I don’t quite understand what it really means.

3) The first thing I will remember from this section is that antecedents form the environment and context for all behaviors. I will remember this because it is used in a variety of things including children, which I often babysit. By changing the antecedent (environment) it can reduce the negative behavior that children portray and they will only emit safe and positive behaviors as a consequence. The second thing I will remember is that even when the environment seems difficult to control, there’s usually some way to exert control over it. I will remember this if I ever want to change a behavior that someone I live with doesn’t want to change. If I want to stop drinking pop but my fridge is full of pop I can ask my roommate to put it somewhere else, which is changing my environment. The third thing I will remember is differential reinforcement of other behavior because in the section it talked about replacing the junk food with a bowl of fruit and by adding that extra step that is incompatible with the previous behavior it helps reinforce that modification even more.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =2.5 miles
Day 2 =3 miles
Day 3 =2 miles
Day 4 =3.5 miles
Day 5 =1 mile
Day 6 =2 miles
Day 7 =0 miles
Average = 2 miles

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
My behavior project is going good so far but is more challenging than I expected it to be. I thought gradually increasing my miles wouldn’t be as hard as it is and the reinforcer, which is a smoothie after every time I run on the treadmill, isn’t as desirable as I had previously thought. It’s getting harder to push myself because I don’t have much motivation to do so.

5) Terms: antecedent, consequence, emit, behavior, reinforce, differential reinforcement of other behavior, environment, desirable

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I liked the examples given at the beginning of the section that illustrated changing the antecedent in creative ways. The toy time out is something that I would not have thought of to stop children from fighting over it. I probably would have used some form of punishment to stop the fighting, even though using reinforcement is better. Changing the play environment to reduce how often a child says “no” is also a good idea. I agree that children learn through observational learning, and many are told “no” or “stop that” when their play activities are disruptive or dangerous. Having a room where they can play freely could also help them learn where it is appropriate to emit certain behaviors. If they are reinforced by a parent telling them “You are playing so nice in here, thank you for not doing it in the living room”, they may learn to associate the playroom with play and the living room with sitting quietly, for example.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
There wasn’t anything in this section that I really disliked. I thought the exercise boxes were useful in helping me think about the antecedents to the example behaviors and how I might change them.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
a) I will remember that controlling the environment is not always easy, but it can usually be done in some way. Sometimes you may actually have to physically distance yourself or avoid an environment that elicits undesirable behavior when you can’t change the environment itself. If you are trying to quit drinking, you might do things such as avoid going to bars after work, or go out to places like the theater that don’t allow you to drink.

b) I will remember that differential reinforcement of other behavior is another way that you can change the antecedent to a behavior. For example, if you are trying to decrease the frequency of watching TV, you could use DRO to increase the frequency of reading books. You might place the remote in another room or take the batteries out and leave them in a drawer, but leave a book next to the couch or wherever you sit to watch TV. This may help you to emit the reading behavior more often because the antecedent has been changed from a readily available remote to a readily available book.

c) I will remember that understanding the ABC’s of a behavior can tell you about the antecedent, and sometimes changing the antecedent is the easiest way to change a behavior. This can work whether you are trying to increase or decrease a target behavior, and can work for self-directed behavior change and other-directed behavior change.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = Caffeine 0 oz, Non-caffeine 12 oz
Day 2 = 0 oz, 12 oz
Day 3 = 0 oz, 22 oz
Day 4 = 0 oz, 12 oz
Day 5 = 0 oz, 12 oz
Day 6 = 0 oz, 0 oz
Day 7 = 0 oz, 15 oz
Average = Caffeine 0 oz, Non-caffeine 12.14 oz

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
I think that my project is going well so far. I met my goal this week of not drinking anything with caffeine after 6:00, and did really well about using DRO to replace it with non-caffeinated beverages almost every day. I reinforced myself at the end of the week because my main target behavior was to decrease consumption of caffeinated beverages, which I was able to do. I think that I will be able to continue to meet my goal in the following week as well.

Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

Terms: antecedent, punishment, reinforcement, observational learning, emit, behavior, associate, elicit, differential reinforcement of other behavior, ABC’s of behavior, target behavior, self-directed behavior change, other-directed behavior change

section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?

i liked the part on removing the "nos". That saying no to everything is negative punishment and just by making say a play room for kids can use positive reinforcement and make it less likely you will have to say no to everything

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?

there was nothing i disliked in this section

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
a-Toy time out, that instead of putting a kid in time just remove the toy
b-removing the No's. That instead of saying no , create an environment where the correct behavior will occur.
c-Changing the antecedents is a powerful way to modify
behaviors.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 =2
Day 2 =2
Day 3 =1.5
Day 4 =1
Day 5 =1
Day 6 =.5
Day 7 =1.5
Average =1.35

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?

I think my behavior project is going really well so far. I am trying to watch less TV and not just have the TV on all the time. I am watching less overall and even on my reinforcement day where i am allowing myself to watch as much as i want i am not wanting to. I am finding other activities to do that i find more enjoyable and more productive

5)antecedent, punishment, reinforcement, behavior

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
One thing I really liked was the examples over changing antecedents of a certain behavior. I had to really think of different variations and examples of antecedents and how they could all work together with one another to either help the reinforcement or help the punishment. This could really affect the consequences and help change the aversive emitted behavior.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
There wasn’t really much I didn’t like about the section. It was pretty easy to understand and had good information.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
a. One thing I will remember is that differential reinforcement of behavior is essential in eliminating undesirable behaviors without actually using punishment. Instead of punishing the target behavior, you can use reinforcement on behaviors.
b. Another thing I will remember is the Premack principle. A person will engage in a low frequency behavior for the opportunity to engage in a high frequency behavior. Changing behaviors takes a lot of reinforcement and motivation, so that’s why it’s so hard to change elicited behaviors and use behavior modification.
c. Lastly, I will remember is differential reinforcement of other behavior can effectively reduce a behavior and can be elicited by changing the environment itself. And how it relates to the ABC’s. I will remember this because I really related well to the junk food example.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = 0
Day 2 = 2 miles
Day 3 = 2 miles
Day 4 = 1 mile
Day 5 = 1 mile
Day 6 = 2 miles
Day 7 = 3 miles
Average = 1.57 miles

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
My behavior project is going well. I’ve improved by reaching 3 miles in some of my days. The first day I definitely slacked off but I feel I have been catching up and making up for it. I have been recording it in my agenda as my behavior journal. My reinforcement has been going out with my friends Tuesday night and enjoying a probably unhealthy meal.
Terms: Consequence, behavior modification, punishment, emit, reinforcement, differential reinforcement, Premack principle, target behavior, elicit, antecedents, frequency of behavior, desirable behaviors, undesirable behaviors, aversive, behavioral journal, differential reinforcement of other behavior, ABC’s.

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why? I liked the example about removing the no's because children do learn from observational learning and if we remove the no's and put them in a safer environment. Then when the parents use no less, the kids are less likely to as well

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why? I didn't really dislike anything, I thought that the subjects were relatable and relevant to other other topics we have already covered in class

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
I will remember what differential reinforcement of other behavior is because it is helpful that the antecedent is a main factor on the behavior
I will remember the toy timeout example because I have seen it happen often and i'm sure it happened to me as a kid where the toy is removed from the incident and put in "time out" where that may not always be the best way to solve a problem, but does still change the environment/antecedent
I will remember that changing the environment can be helpful in changing a behavior but could also change it in a negative way as well.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = 20
Day 2 = 0
Day 3 = 60
Day 4 = 60
Day 5 = 40
Day 6 = 0
Day 7 = 0
Average = 25.7

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
My behavior project is going good for the most part. I some times go over my goal of running 30 minutes per day so that is good, but on weekends it is hard to run when I am either busy or out of town and off of my routine that I have going during the week. Also days that I work evenings it is harder to get in a run because I usually run in the afternoons. It helps that it has been nice out so I can run outside which is more enjoyable than the treadmill

Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms: target behavior, antecedent, punishment, differential reinforcement of other behavior, toy time out,observational learning

1) What I really liked about this section that, although it was one of the shortest (if not the shortest) section we’ve read, it still had enough information to be able to get to the point without feeling like it left any information out or having any extra or unneeded information left in. It was also fairly easy to read, which made it easier to retain information gathered from the section.

2) I didn’t really find anything about this section that I disliked. But if I had to choose something I’d say that I disliked that it was incredibly short. While I do like reading as little as possible, I did feel like that more could’ve been added into this section.

3) a) I will remember the concept of the toy timeouts. I think the idea of taking away the cause of the problem (the toy) rather than punishing the child is actually an incredibly smart concept and makes a lot of sense. B) I will remember that the definition of “observational learning” means to learn by example. To me, the concept itself is incredibly self-explanatory. We witness the examples be set around us and therefore learn from the examples that we observe. The example of reducing telling “no” to children when they misbehave with toys and instead put them in a room where they can do that sort of thing, I believe, grasps this idea very well. C) I will also remember that DRO, Differential Reinforcement of Other behavior, involves exerting some control over the environment when the environment itself cannot be easily controlled.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =578
Day 2 =789
Day 3 =574
Day 4 =697
Day 5 = 798
Day 6 =612
Day 7 = 751
Average = 685 words

4b) I think my behavior project is actually going really well. I’ve determined the antecedent that I work best in is during the evening hours (around 10pm). By working around that time period, I find that my target behavior of writing 750 words a day is actually getting a lot easier. There are, of course, some days that are harder than others to get to that point mainly because I’m writing a creative story, so depending on where the story is at I could either be flowing through incredibly swiftly or might have slight writer’s block and need to stop for the night.

5) toy timeouts, punishment, observational learning, differential reinforcement of other behavior, environment, behavioral intervention, behavior, antecedent, target behavior.

1) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I liked the example of changing behavior by disrupting it. This is a very simple way to modify behavior, but it is often not thought of because it is a more peculiar way to elicit desirable behaviors. The example of putting the toy in timeout was a very vivid and memorable example of this type of behavior modification and it really put the concept in perspective. Disrupting the behavior may also be easier than having to think about punishing or reinforcing a target behavior.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
The concept that I liked the least was the implication that often we have little control over our environment and therefore limited control over changing the antecedents. I disliked this because I am a control freak and the implication that I am not as in control of my surroundings as I want to be terrifies me. I do however like the idea that possibly with some creativity it is possible to regain a little bit of control over the antecedents.
3) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
(1) Behavior modification takes deliberate awareness of the antecedents, the target behaviors and the consequences. I will remember this because it makes so much sense, and it explains so well why so many people fail to achieve the behavioral interventions that are strived for, especially with New Year’s resolutions.
(2) Changes in the environment can be significant in changing the frequency of either a desirable or an undesirable behavior. I will remember this especially when it comes to dieting. The idea of removing junk food or at the very least putting it in a location that makes it more difficult to get to, a.k.a. needing to enter into an extinction burst to get said food, or making healthier choices more easily accessible is very salient to me and makes it easy for me to grasp the concept of changing the antecedents.
(3) Changing the antecedents is not always easy. Sometimes changing the environment takes more work than other times. I will remember this because of the parole example. I had never thought about the implications of many parole members living in the same community and the need to refrain from being around other parolees. This new take on this strengthened the learning that had taken place with the example of removing the NOs in terms of a child in the terrible twos, removing the temptation or removing oneself from an environment where a given behavior is emitted.
4a) Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =2
Day 2 =0
Day 3 =0
Day 4 =1
Day 5 =0
Day 6 =0
Day 7 =2
Average =.714/day
4b) How is your behavioral project going so far?
I would say my behavior project is going fairly well. I have reduced the amount that I have been emitting my target behavior from my baseline prior to behavioral intervention. However I have not reached my desired return to baseline of never emitting the target behavior. I believe that with continuous attention to the antecedents and consequences and with proper reinforcement for desirable behaviors I can reach my goal of extinction for this behavior. I may need to give myself a taste for my reinforcer, functioning as an establishing operation by then using deprivation during the behavioral intervention unless said reinforcer is earned. I believe that this would make my reinforcer more reinforcing and it would reduce the frequency that I emit the target behavior that I am trying to extinguish.

Terms used in this post: elicit, behavior modification, punishing, reinforcing, target behavior, antecedents, consequences, behavioral intervention, emitting, baseline, return to baseline, reinforcement, extinction, reinforcer, establishing operation, deprivation, reinforcing, extinguish, extinction burst

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
Something I really liked from this section was the example given for changing the antecedent, removing the No's. I found the section to be very relateable and easy to follw because I have to be around children on a regular basis. I never though about HOW toddlers learned to say no so often. I thought this was a good way to convey observational behavior as well as changing the antecedent. The toddlers learn to say no so frequently because they are observing it from the adults. By changing the antecedent we can change the aversive behavior the toddler is emitting.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
The thing I liked least form this section was the number of sections or practice boxes that gave us different examples of changing the antecedent. While having practice in changing antecedents proved to be helpful, I didn't think I needed 3 different practice boxes conveying the same concept.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
Something I will remember from this section is that changing the antecedent can actually be far more siple than I had originally though. The example given with the toddlers made the concept seem very simple. Even though completing the boxes proved to be slightly more difficult, I still found this concept to be fairly straightforward and thought the text provided a very clear explanation. Something else I will take away from this chapter is that it is often the context that triggers the undesirable behavior to take place. If you only smoke when you get drunk, then don't get completely wasted. The context is definitely key in this chapter. Lastly, I will remember that if we use differential reinforcement of other behavior, we can condition a desirable behavior that is incompatible with the aversive behavior. I will remember this because instead of biting my nails, I could chew gum, keeping me from biting my nails.
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Minutes of Cardio
Day 1 =30
Day 2 =10
Day 3 =60
Day 4 =40
Day 5 =40
Day 6 =40
Day 7 =30
Average =35 minutes of cardio/day
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
So far I have been doing well in completing at least 20 minutes of cardio (running/walking or biking) 6 days a week. However, I have found that the true reinforcement for me is writing it down instead of getting on facebook after.
5) Terminology: Aversive, Desirable, Observational Behavior, Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior, antecedent, behavior, Emitting, undesirable

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why? I liked this whole section. I feel like I can use everything I learned in this section, especially the part about parenting. I am a nanny so these tips can help me when teaching the kinds right from wrong.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why? There was nothing I didn't like about this section. I actually really enjoyed this entire section. I found it an easy to follow read and the examples were all relateable or easy to understand.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why? I will remember the concept of toy timeout. I think this is a neat concept to remove the antecedent that is causing the issue rather than using punishment as the behavioral modification. I will also remember the part about operational learning and trying to remove no's from the conversation and training process. This kind of goes hand in hand with the toy timeout, by just removing the problem can reduce the particular behavior. Lastly I will remember to achieve behavioral success often times you have to be very deliberate which requires you to be aware of your environment, your behaviors, and the consequences to the behaviors. It is important to be aware of everything around you when trying to be successful in changing behavior.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = 0
Day 2 = 1
Day 3 = 0
Day 4 = 1
Day 5 = 0
Day 6 = 0
Day 7 = 1
Average = .42

4b) How is your behavior project going so far? It is not doing to well, I think I need to come up with a better reinforcement because I have continued to bite my nails.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post. Behavior modification, antecedent, consequence, punishment, operational learning.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I really liked that this section was easy to follow along. We were already familiar with the terms that were presented in this section, so it was easy to understand. We were able to take information that we already learned and able to apply it to our behavior modification projects in terms of changing antecedents to make it easier. It’s nice to be able to learn how to change our antecedents to be able to continue reinforcement rather than punishment.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
This section was very clear and straightforward. I can’t say that there was anything that I disliked because I wasn’t left with any lingering questions. If there was one thing that I liked the least, it would be the fact that it didn’t include any new concepts. Some of what was presented in this section almost seemed like common sense after reading it, so having some new terms would have added to the section.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
The first thing that I will remember is that by changing antecedents, we can change the frequency of our target behaviors. This was the overall concept that was referred to throughout the section by means of examples, so it stuck with me. I will also remember the idea of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO). This was a topic that we briefly discussed in a different section and I thought that it was relevant to the concepts in this section. By changing the environment, we can elicit a new, desirable behavior in order to reduce an aversive behavior. Another thing that I will remember from this section is that sometimes changing the environment isn’t always possible, but there are ways to work around it in order to still be able to have a successful behavior modification program.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 3
Day 2 = 1
Day 3 = 2
Day 4 = 1
Day 5 = 1
Day 6 = 0
Day 7 = 1
Average = 1.3

4b) My behavior project is going pretty well so far! I haven’t had many days where I haven’t reset my alarm clock at all, but it is getting a lot better. I was used to resetting it almost three times every day, and I have reduced it quite a bit. I’m not exactly where I would like to be yet, but I am seeing results.

Terms: reinforcement, reinforcer, antecedent, target behavior, DRO, elicit, emit, desirable, aversive, behavior modification program, punishment

1) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I liked that this section was very straightforward and descriptive. I can easily see how to apply the information in this section to my behavioral change project. For example, I can change the antecedents to my push-up and sit-ups behavior. I know that I would prefer to shower after working out, so I will plan to do my push-ups and sit-ups (target behavior) right before I take a shower at night, so I can set an alarm at night to remind me to start my push-ups and sit-ups before I take a shower. In this case, the alarm will act as an antecedent and a discriminative stimulus.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
The examples in this section, particularly Calhoun’s sweets, discuss a behavior which we are looking to decrease. It would be helpful to have an example of creatively adjusting antecedents in the case where we are wanting to increase the target behavior.

3) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
I will remember that changing the antecedents is sometimes helpful for changing a behavior. If we are looking to modify a behavior, we should examine the antecedents and how they affect the target behavior. We should also consider whether they can be changed to help instigate the desired changes in the target behavior. I will also remember this sometimes takes some creativity. For example, when young children are two and three, they are observational learners, meaning if they experience “No” often, they will adopt this behavior as well. In this case, we can modify the environment to limit the “No’s” which are necessary, hopefully reducing the child’s tendency to use “No” as well. Thinking through the circumstances of the child’s developmental learning and using this knowledge to modify the environment, and therefore the behavior utilizes some creativity on our part. Finally, I will remember we can sometimes modify behavior through differential reinforcement of other (DRO). DRO involves replacing a behavior we wish to decrease with a behavior we wish to increase. By looking at the reinforcement side of a behavioral change project, we are able to use reinforcers which are generally more successful.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = Sunday = 10 push-ups, 10 sit-ups
Day 2 = Monday = 10 push-ups, 10 sit-ups
Day 3 = Tuesday = 10 push-ups, 10 sit-ups
Day 4 = Wednesday = 10 push-ups, 10 sit-ups
Day 5 = Thursday = 0 push-ups, 0 sit-ups
Target Behavior: Complete 10 push-ups and 10 sit-ups 5 days a week (Sun-Thurs)
Average: 8 push-ups, 8 sit-ups per night

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
Since beginning reinforcement, I have noticed I am motivated to exercise (do push-ups and sit-ups) when I have nothing going on, or when I am already at the WRC for fitness classes (antecedent). When I have other plans, such as on Thursday, I am not likely to do them. I would suggest allowing a make-up on Friday or Saturday or limiting my target behavior to four days a week, which is still an increase over the baseline.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Target behavior, antecedent, discriminative stimulus, behavior, observational learner, environment, DRO, reinforcement, reinforcer, baseline

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?

I enjoyed reading about the Toy Time Outs. I’ve always found this extremely amusing. The toy needs a time out? How *exactly* did it contribute to the unnecessary play? While I agree it disrupts the operant behavior of fighting and arguing, I’m not a huge fan of the concept. The child needs to learn that they’ve done something wrong. They need the time-out. However, I think the situation could be different with a puppy. It’s difficult to give them a timeout, but taking a toy away and then returning it later (when they’re behaving) could have a profound behavioral effect.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?

It’s not necessarily that I didn’t like the part of the reading about the “Terrible Twos” I just always find that descriptor irritating. I realize language becomes a large part of a child’s life at this time and that they are very impressionable and mimic what adults around them have said…but can you truly categorize a child’s growth like that? Oftentimes I hear mothers say, “She’s going through the terrible twos,” and the child seems just fine to me…only to have another mother reply, “You just wait, three is MUCH worse,” Honestly, I think you can find fault in any behavioral stage. It’s about changing the environment, from a behavior modification standpoint, certainly, but I think big picture, it’s about changing perspective.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?

a. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior was an interesting topic. The junk food example definitely made the topic more memorable. It’s an incredibly applicable concept since many college students reading this book have probably struggled with feeling like they’ve kept the “Freshman Fifteen” around. However, I think it’s applicable for lots of other situations, too. I could easily see this being executed with someone who had a problem watching too much TV just by having a roommate child-lock all the TV channels!

b. Every time I see the word “manipulate” I immediately think of the first day of class where we discussed the connotation of the word. Even though this was not a main topic, there was mention of it when the section covered controlling our environment. I’ve had multiple conversations on the topic of that simple word (manipulate) explaining that it’s also a GOOD thing, despite the socially constructed negative connotation. For example, “manipulating” someone into a positive decision, like choosing fruit over candy, isn’t a bad thing!

c. I am continuously impressed by how influential the environment is on the frequency of target behaviors. I think to behaviors in the past I’ve tried to change and behaviors I’ve watched other people change. My boyfriend recently quit smoking and totally changed his environment. No longer is there any reminders of the cigarettes and he has been working to modify his behavior. Instead of grabbing a cigarette, he instead chews a piece of gum. A much healthier, beneficial change, merely from removing/replacing something negative in his environment.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = yes
Day 2 = yes
Day 3 = no
Day 4 = no
Day 5 = yes
Day 6 = no
Day 7 = yes
Average = running 57% of the time during the week

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?

Since I’m a fair-weather road-runner, it’s been difficult with the changing weather. We’ve had some beautiful days that have been great to go running with the puppy. However, rainy and snowy days have slowed me down. It feels great getting out and running again after being cooped up inside for so long. It actually feels good – I appreciate having tense muscles because I can tell I’ve been working and that makes me feel awesome. I’m just hoping for some consistent weather so I can turn this into a steady behavior.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Operant behavior, behavioral, environment, behavior modification, Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors, target behavior, manipulate, modify

Section 5.4

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I liked the example about the terrible twos. I knew from the beginning that behavioral modification could really help with child rearing, and I understand and believe in the concept that children are blank slates and are taught how to be social and interact in the world like a normal human being. It makes a lot of sense that a child would learn (and emit) the word "no" from parents and others, but I hadn't really thought of all the antecedents in which we tell children "no," & how just limiting one's own frequency of saying "no," as a parent, could drastically alter the amount of times (& in what contexts) a child might use that word.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
I didn't like one of the exercises, "what are three environments that you have little control over in your daily life?" This is because we rarely have no control over the environments we are in. If we are unhappy with an environment, we can make decisions in order to keep ourselves out of that environment. If our roommate does something often that makes us fight, we can talk about it or limit interaction, therefore changing the environment. Even with work or school, if we are not happy in those environments, we can chose to drop classes or get a new job so that we do not have to be in a particular environment. Everything is under our control if we acknowledge our own behaviors and in what contexts they occur.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?

a) Observational learning: to learn by example. I'll remember this because the definition is stated in the name, and we all learn how to do things (social, mechanical, linguistic, etc.) by watching adults and others emit a behavior following a certain antecedent, and we ourselves begin to mirror this behavior in order to learn how to interact appropriately with others and in our society.

b) Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior. I'll remember this because its just reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the adversive behavior one is trying to reduce. Plus, when it was used with the examples in section 5.4 (like junk food), it made it easier to understand this concept.

c) Change the antecedent. If you change the environment that surrounds you, it makes it much easier to avoid temptations that may make you fall back into your old behaviors. That's a reason why, after people complete drug rehab, they find themselves in need of a new environment and a new ground of friends so that similar antecedents that were followed by a drug/alcohol abusing behavior are not present and do not encourage this behavior again.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = n/a
Day 2 = walked to class
Day 3 = Road bike
Day 4 = Road Bike
Day 5 = Road Bike
Day 6 = Drove car
Day 7 = n/a
Average = 4/5 day used alternative transportation

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
I think it's going really well. I have decided that if I do not comply with my behavior modification (there's a reason that I do not emit the target behavior I was supposed to), I will either a) not drink coffee, which is bad for everyone involved or b) not use any coffee creamer. This is kind of like a punishment because I hate the taste of plain coffee and if I don't have coffee in the morning, I can't stay awake the rest of the day.

Terms: behavioral modification, emit, antecedents/environment, context, differential reinforcement of other, observational learning, reinforcing, target/behavior

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I enjoyed that this section discussed how to use behavior modification on children. I have a little sister and a young niece that it would be helpful to know this information.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
I felt that all the information in this section was useful and it was very well written.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
a) I will remember that reinforcers do not have to occur right away. There can be some delayed gratification.
b) Changing the antecedents are a powerful way to modify certain behaviors.
c) I will remember a toy time out. Removing the toy instead of putting the kid in time out is something that I have personally seen work before.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 0
Day 2 =30
Day 3 =0
Day 4 =30
Day 5 =60
Day 6 =30
Day 7 =0
Average = 21
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
The project is going well so far, I have noticed an obvious increase in the amount of time I spend working out. Also, with working out more, I have noticed that I have been eating healthier.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms: Behavior modification, reinforcer, antecedent, modify

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I really enjoyed the idea of taking out "NO" from the vocabulary we use with children. It makes everything seem so much more happy when you don't have to constantly tell the child NO when they want to do something. Making the environment safe so that you don't have to use the word "NO" as much is a really good idea as well. It is simple but can make such a huge impact.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?

This was one of my favorite sections, I enjoyed the examples and how we relate it to children. It is also filled with helpful ideas and thoughts I liked how this section was set up!

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?

I will remember the analogy DRO Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior and that one way to reduce a behavior is to reinforce a behavior that in
incompatible with the undesirable behavior. And how we can change almost any antecedent in our own way to change the behavior and outcome; changing the antecedent is a powerful way to modify behaviors. Also and lastly, I will remember that with changing behaviors Changing the environment while an undesirable behavior is occurring can disrupt the operant behavior expected.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = 1 (sunday)
Day 2 = 0
Day 3 =0
Day 4 =0
Day 5 =0
Day 6 =2 (Friday)
Day 7 =1 (Saturday)
Average = 0.5 meals ate out per day.

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
I have found that it is going very well for me during the week when I am focusing on eating well, exercising and be healthy but on the weekends when I work a lot and don't have time to exercise or eat well I tend to eat out at places I shouldn't and not care as much using the excuse "it's the weekend" or "I will start again on Monday."

Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Antecedent, DRO, Reinforce, Behavior Modification.

1)this section had a lot of good advice and ideas when it came to changing antecedents.also liked that this section had exercises to break down antecedents that we usually do not have control over in every day life.

2) nothing to dislike in this one

3)operant behavior can be disrupted by changing an environment while an unwanted behavior is occurring.
DRO can be effective ways of changing an unwanted behavior. also remember that changing antecedents/environments are very powerful in behavior change because if certain "triggers" can be avoided, there is less likelihood that the unwanted behavior will occur.

4)

Day 1 = 4 times i took my pills on time
Day 2 = 3
Day 3 = 4
Day 4 = 3
Day 5 = 4
Day 6 = 1
Day 7 = 1

4) my behavior project is going ok. i took my pills on most days when i was supposed to

1) One thing I liked from this section was the fact that the section had a clear purpose and focused on the main idea that people can change antecedents and environments in order to change behavior. I liked this because most of the examples in the section were helpful, all of the information made the section easy to read, and the information was clear and showed how much antecedents can impact behaviors.
2) One thing from this section that I did not like is when I had to practice with the idea of changing an environment that is in my own life, and I had to write down how I could change it. I did not like this because even though this chapter was helpful and easy to understand, I had a difficult time figuring out how the environments that I experience can be changed after I change antecedents. I believe that I was able to figure out how I can change my environment, but it was difficult to see any ways that I could do that. For example, I could possibly change the environment of my loud dorm hallway by putting up signs that say “Be quieter.”
3) One thing from this chapter that I will remember is the fact that a change in antecedents can elicit a change in behavior of other people. I will remember this because it was very clear in this chapter, and I thought this was an interesting concept that I will keep in mind. I thought it was interesting, because normally people think about the way that consequences can affect behavior, but this reading section helped me to realize that antecedents can also have a huge impact on behaviors. Another thing from this section that I will remember is the idea that certain behaviors emitted can change antecedents, which can lead to a change in behavior. These behaviors that change antecedents can be positive behaviors. I will remember this because it seems like a great idea to me for a person to use good behaviors in order to change behaviors that they consider undesirable. It seems like a productive way to modify or replace behaviors with more desirable target behaviors. A third thing from this section that I will remember is the example of “toy timeouts” that was used to show that toys can be taken away from children and put in “toy timeout” in order to change the environment and modify children’s behavior. I will remember this because I thought it was a very strange and unique idea, and that caused it to be a very memorable concept for me. Even though it is likely effective, it seemed very odd to me.
Data for Week 2 (hours of exercise)
Day 1=1
Day 2=0
Day 3=1
Day 4=0
Day 5=1
Day 6=.75
Day 7=1
Average =.68 hours
4b) My project seems to be going well so far. My average exercise time per day has increased by a little bit, but my number of times that I exercise per week has remained at 5 days per week. My reinforcer, which is a nightly snack on the days that I exercise, is apparently working to cause me to exercise for longer during the week, which is a pleasant target behavior.
Terminology: behavior, reinforcement, consequences, target behavior, elicit, antecedents, environment, modify, desirable behaviors, emitted.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
One thing I really liked about this section was how relatable it was. The scenario regarding reducing the intake of sweets and the examples provided for other options was very interesting and helpful. I think everyone could relate somewhat to that and take the advice it had provided.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
As far as something I disliked in this section although it provided me with lots of insights and examples for things to do when trying to fix a bad behavior I found a lot of it to be just common sense. And that you could figure out for your own personal self what works best for reducing something.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
First thing that I will remember from this section is how important it is to remove the No’s when dealing with and teaching children. I’ll defiantly remember this because one of my part time jobs is working in a daycare so it’s pretty important to know. Next I will remember the Premack Principle and that people will engage in a low frequency behavior for the opportunity to engage in a high frequency behavior. That just made common sense to me so it’s easy to remember. And lastly I will remember this key advice that when there is a variety of reinforcer options that exist, it is often a good idea to choose a reinforcer that compliments the behavior that you are modifying. That just made a lot of sense to me because in a sense then you are also improving the behavior.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =0
Day 2 =60min
Day 3 =45min
Day 4 =0
Day 5 =60min
Day 6 =60min
Day 7 =30min
Average =51
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
I would say it is going really well so far. I’ve been pretty disciplined and motivated to stay on track and get to the gym. The colder weather has had a bit of a negative effect on me but other than that it’s been going well.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Premack Principle, behavior, reinforce, low frequency behavior, high frequency behavior,

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
One thing I liked from this section was the part about Toy time outs. I think this concept makes a lot of sense. Instead of placing kids in time out, the object they are fighting over is removed from the situation. This way, the toy is in “time out” and the kids are not. They have to accept that they cannot play with the toy and must move on to a different activity. The behavior they were emitting because of the toy would lead to the toy time out. This toy time out could be seen as negative punishment because it is removing an object to decrease a behavior.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
One thing I did not like in this section was the part about removing the “NO”s from a situation. I understand that children learn through observational learning and typically go through a phase where they constantly say “no”. However, I do not think that is necessarily a bad thing. I think it is part of normal child development and it is okay for children and adults to use the word “no”. Although you can create situations where children are protected from saying no by covering outlets, removing harmful toys, etc., all factors can never completely be removed. It is important when kids get older that they are able to hear the word “no” and not become distraught over it. Life is full of “no”s.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
One thing I will remember from this section is that it is possible to manipulate your behavior to reduce certain behaviors. For example, if you eat too many sweets, you can change the antecedents to change your overall behavior. Changing antecedents could include putting sweets in an area that is hard to reach, replacing sweets with fruits, having roommates hide sweets, or making smaller portions of the snack in little bags. All of these are simple ways to decrease the behavior of eating sweets by making simple changes to your environment. Another thing I will remember from this section is what Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors is. This is that one way to reduce a behavior is reinforcing an incompatible behavior. The example with sweets can apply to this as well. Buying fresh fruit and reinforcing yourself by allowing yourself to eat it whenever you’re hungry can help curb your sweet tooth for a sugary sweet. The last thing I will remember is that changing the environment should always be considered when you want to change a behavior. Antecedents are often overlooked but they are one of the most powerful things you have control over.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Number of sweets eaten in the Piazza

Day 1 = 0
Day 2 = 1
Day 3 = 0
Day 4 = 0
Day 5 = 0
Day 6 = 1
Day 7 = 0
Average = 0.29

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
My behavior project is going better this week than last week. I have been trying to eat no desserts in the Piazza. I caved at dinner twice this week, but now I know it is possible to go without desserts. I would love to keep up this behavior of skipping dessert in the Piazza. I feel better when I do not eat so much sweets and it is better for me as well. I think it will get easier to skip the desserts in the Piazza as time goes on and I get more used to it.

Terms: toy time outs, behavior, “NO”s, observational learning, emitting, negative punishment, manipulate, antecedents, differential reinforcement of other behaviors

Section 5.4
1. What was your favorite part about this section? why?
My favorite part about this section was I liked the way all the examples had different meanings. For example: their are many different ways to stop snacking so much.

2. What was one thing you disliked about this section? Why>
My least favorite part about this section was the example about the toy.

3. What are three things you'll remember from this section?
A. The first thing I will remember is what behavior does. When you don't want a certain type of behavior to reoccur again you try and distract that certain before from happening again
B. The second thing I will remember is what the ABC's of behavior change are.
C. The third thing I will remember from this section is how you can change the antecedent to stop an unwanted behavior.

4. Week two
Day one 1 hour
Day two 1.5 hours
Day three 2 hours
Day four 2 hours
Day five 3 hours
Day six 2.5 hours
Day seven 2 hours
Average 2 hours

4b. How is your behavior project going?
My behavior project is pretty much staying the same I really need to buckle down and increase my study hours more throughout the day.

5. Terms used: Behavior, antecedent, differential reinforcement, undesirable, ABC's, behavior change

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I enjoyed the terrible two's example because it was a relatable topic. Most everyone knows or has a family member that age and seeing how easy it is to modify their behavior by simply changing the antecendent is interesting.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
I agree that it is important to remove anything that could harm a child before they are aware of the consequences but I am not sure removing NO completely is necessary. We use NO to govern some of our behaviors. We can't be sheltered from everything.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why? 1. Antecendents form the context and environment for all behaviors. 2. By changing the environment we can change behaviors. 3. DROs are a good way to reduce a behavior and can be elicited by changing the environment.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 =0 minutes
Day 2 =30 minutes
Day 3 =30 minutes
Day 4 =0 minutes
Day 5 =60 minutes
Day 6 =30 minutes
Day 7 =0 minutes
Average =21.4 minutes

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
I am struggling to meet my goal everyday. I did not realize how hard it would be to fit in around work and classes.I am going to try and come up with a new strategy to get the behavior changed.

Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Terms:behavior, antecedent,consequences, environment, elicit, DROs.

1. I like the terrible two example for how behaviors can be the antecedent for other behaviors. Since a child around the age 2 is a sponge for information, and learn from observational learning, they are prone to entering the "no" stage. Instead of having to tell the child no constantly for getting into undesirable situations you can just make alterations to their environment. As a consequence to these alterations, you will have a safer environment for the child and they won't need to be told no as often.

2. Not really anything to dislike about this section, so just to get something for the sake of this conversation I would say there may be a lack of importance put on the ability of changing the environment in order to modify behavior. It really isn't that hard to do, but can be so effective. You can elicit a more desirable behavior from a child by simply putting there toys away at night so they can't play with them when they should be sleeping. So easy to manipulate.

3. A) I will remember that it is very possible to have a behavior act as an antecedent to another behavior.
B) The fact that it takes so much work and recognition of the problems attributed to goal achieving (both before and after the target behavior is emitted) there are many failed goals.
C)Differential Reinforcement or Other Behavior is another possibility for trying to meet goals successfully since this allows for a change in the environment that could hinder your successes.

Day 1=10
Day 2=18
Day 3=12
Day 4=18
Day 5=15
Day 6=17
Day 7=15
average 15 f bombs

The number of times saying the f word throughout the day is going down, but is still obviously being say more than it should be.

terms: Behaviors, antecedent, observational learning, consequence, elicit, desirable behavior, target behavior, emit, Differential Reinforcement and Other Behavior

Section 5.4:

1) One thing I liked in the section was the introduction of emphasis on changing the environment to elicit desired behaviors. I liked this because it will be very helpful in the current behavioral project and any future behavior change I want to make or maintain for myself or others.

2) The only thing I didn’t care for much in this section would be the repeating of DRO concept. It didn’t seem to add much, besides a reminder of how it’s used, to this section, so that’s why I liked it least.

3) I will remember from this section the way to deal with terrible twos, how antecedents can be manipulated to disrupt an operant behavior and prevent an undesirable behavior, and that every environment has some way to be changed. I will remember how to deal with terrible twos because I never realized the reason they act terrible is because they learn these new and “terrible” behaviors with observational learning. This will be very helpful in knowing for the someday that I have to raise a child, and knowing is half the battle. I will remember the way antecedents can be manipulated to disrupt operant behaviors because it can be effectively used to change behaviors, such as with dogs or children, without being aversive. This will be useful because I’m helping my dad and brother train a very submissive puppy whenever I’m at home, so when I see a way to disrupt operant behaviors I can tell them and help them. Lastly, I will remember that every environment can be changed to help elicit desired behaviors because this section had us work through changing a variety of situation’s environments.

4a) Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 0
Day 2 = 45
Day 3 = 60
Day 4 = 55
Day 5 = 0
Day 6 = 0
Day 7 = 0
Average = 22.9 minutes

4b) My behavioral project is going well so far, I’ve emitted the target behavior of going to the gym 3 times, and did my full work out of lifting weights and 30 minutes of cardio.

5) Terms: emitted, elicit, operant behavior, antecedent, behavior, environment, DRO, aversive, desirable, undesirable, observational learning

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
Something I really liked about this section was the scenario about reducing the intake of sweets and reading other options of things to do to reduce the intake. I really like this part because I have a problem with eating junk food just because it’s readily accessible and easy.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
One thing I liked least about this section was reading about observational learning since we cover that topic in many other psychology classes, and was bored rereading what I already know.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
One thing I will remember from this section is Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior. This is where we reinforce a different behavior to distract from and undesirable behavior. I will also remember that we can always change our environment to affect our behaviors. I will remember this because I think it is a great idea and something I do not normally think to do. Lastly, I will remember the ABC's to change a behavior. I will remember this because we have been talking about it all semester.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 0
Day 2 = 60
Day 3 = 80
Day 4 = 45
Day 5 = 0
Day 6 = 0
Day 7 = 0
Average = 26.42
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
My behavioral project is going better than I thought it would. My friend just helps me elicit my behavior so that I will actually emit my target behavior which is working out at least 30 minutes 5 times a week. Last week I only did 3 days but I think its better than nothing and we didn’t start until Tuesday. I feel that as long as she works out with me I will be able to complete this and continue working out.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Observational Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior, Reinforce, undesirable, ABC's, behavioral project, elicit, behavior, emit, target behavior

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
a: I really liking the idea of removing the “nos” with children. This can be done by controlling the environment because it is believed that controlling the environment will control behavior. Sometimes you cannot control the environment, so I also like the idea of finding creative ways to manipulate target behavior when the environment cannot be controlled. The antecedent is a way we can predict behavior and consequence, so by controlling or changing the antecedent the behavior can be controlled.
b: I like the idea of removing “nos” because it acts as a punishment and reinforcement is more beneficial to elicit a behavior. I like the idea of finding creative ways to manipulate behavior when the environment cannot be controlled because that way to behavior is more likely to be emitted.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
There wasn’t one thing I disliked about this section. The information was very rewarding and beneficial. One thing I think that may be difficult is changing the environment to elicit desirable behavior. This would be difficult because sometimes the environment is beyond your control which means it will take more work to manipulate behavior.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
I will remember is toy time out. I will remember this because it is an alternative to punishing the child. As stated earlier punishment is less beneficial that reinforcement. By taking the toy away the toy we control the environment to remove the fighting and arguments. I will remember this because it is a beneficial procedure to parenting and I can apply it in my everyday life when I watch my cousins or when I nanny.
I will remember the idea of removing the “nos.” I will remember this because it is also a beneficial procedure when parenting because children learn by observation and when they get into their terrible two stage is the parent always says no they will pick up of that and start saying no all the time. By controlling the environment the saying no behavior can be controlled.
I will remember differential reinforcement of other behavior is an effective way to reduce a behavior. I will remember this because by reinforcing an incompatible behavior the unwanted behavior will likely decrease.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 1 hour workout (ran 30 min)
Day 2 = 1 hour yoga
Day 3 = 1 hour workout
Day 4 = 1 hour workout (ran 30 min)
Day 5 = 1 hour yoga
Day 6 = rest day
Day 7 = rest day
Average = 1 hour of running
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
My behavior project is going well. It isn’t very hard for me to manipulate by behavior for this project because I work at Kosama (a gym) and at the rec center on main street. I run at the rec center after I get done coaching. It makes it easier for me to emit this behavior because the rec has a track. The environment really makes it easier to complete my behavior goals.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms: antecedent, behavior, consequence, emit, elicit, observation learning, punishment, reinforcement, DRO

Section 5.4
1. I like the example of removing “NOs” from the environment. Everyone learns through observational learning so to create an environment as an antecedent that will reduce the amount of times a child observes their parents saying No will in turn decrease the chance of them emitting that behavior.
2. I liked this chapter. It was an easy read and flowed really well so I can’t find necessarily anything I disliked about it. There were a few more grammatical errors that threw me but otherwise I liked the structure of this chapter.
3. It is an important reminder that we can most always find creative ways to control or manipulate our environment around us. We don’t have to be just subject to other peoples wants and desires, we have control and it is important that people learn how to use that knowledge to help themselves be better people. I also will remember the tips on how to reduce your consumption of sweets when they are around. Some of them are very clever and definitely would work for me. I liked the one about having your roommate hide the candy, and every time you wanted a piece you had to ask your roommate for one. That would limit my intake considerably.
4. a) Day 1=Yes (1)
Day 2=Yes (1)
Day 3=Yes (1)
Day 4=Yes (1)
Day 5=Yes (1)
Day 6=No (2)
Day 7=Yes (1)
Average= 1.14
b) My behavior project is going pretty well. I have made sure that I have easy to grab breakfast food that I can take on my way to class. What I didn’t account for was that I went out of town last weekend and hadn’t thought of an alternate plan for making sure I had breakfast. That is why I missed having breakfast on Saturday.
5. Environment, observational learning, antecedent, emitting, behavior, manipulate/control, behavior project.

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why? I liked the examples about antecedents in this section. It really made me realize how changing an environment can impact a behavior.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why? I thought this chapter was really helpful and informative.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?I will remember that changing antecedents can change a behavior because of the examples used in this section. I will also remember that opervational learning is when a person learns based on watching another. I will also remember that you should surround yourself with antecendents that cause the target behavior. The examples in this section were helpful and cause me to remember the information.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =
2
Day 2 =
0
Day 3 =
2
Day 4 =0
Day 5 =1
Day 6 =
1
Day 7 =
0
Average =.87
4b) How is your behavior project going so far? I have been doing better than normal on getting my target behavior but I still am struggling on getting motivated. The reinforcement isn’t encouraging me to run every single day.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Antecedent, behavior, reinforcement, observation learning, differential reinforcement, environment

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I really liked reading about the idea of putting the toy in time out rather than the child, because we do know so much about how punishment is not really a good thing and it hurts rather than does something for the child. So by putting the toy in time out when two children are fighting over it, it would make it a better situation for the children simply because they have to find a different toy to play with and not argue over the other one and hopefully they will forget about the other toy and continue to play nicely.

If we put the two children in time out this would then create a horrible environment for the children and it is starting to punish them for having a bad behavior at the house or wherever they may be.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?

There was nothing in this chapter that I did not like, but one thing that I may have not liked was the fact that I kept scrolling to find out if there was more information hiding in the section but it just went right to 5.5. I was a little disappointed in that simply because I wanted to continue reading rather than have such a short section to read about.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?

a. Getting the word no out of your house is a great idea. I will remember this idea because when we use the word no in our vocabulary the child then picks up that word through observational learning. The children have the phase terrible twos and say this word a lot. As parents the word no should be thrown out and not used because then the child won’t be able to pick up on our behaviors as well and use it as much.

b. As a human we have the power to control our behavior and our environment to change that behavior. We can change the antecedents around us to get that behavior to change and reduce the undesired behavior. Like in the example from the chapter, someone had a food choice or candy that the roommate did not want to eat so what they could have done was put the desired food in the freezer so it would be harder to get at and they would have to thaw it out; so instead they had fruit lying around. This would be an example of DRO (differential reinforcement of other behavior). I will remember this because I have used this technique in my own house with our crappy frozen pizzas and other things that my family loves to eat when I am on a healthy diet.

c. Even though it is hard to change the environment around the behavior it can still be done and there is a way around it. I can remember this tid bit because it is very hard to change the environment in which we do our behaviors, but I have already begun to change my environment in which I do not have my alcohol or sweets in a place that is easy to get to them.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 weeks’ worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =15 times
Day 2 =22 ""
Day 3 =16 ""
Day 4 =12 ""
Day 5 =10 ""
Day 6 =10 ""
Day 7 =14 ""
Average =14.14 times
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?

My project is going alright so far. Even though we are only in the second week of doing things, I can already tell that my habit is coming to a slow halt. I am using 3 pieces of candy on Sundays when I am under my average goal of 20 times picking at my lip. I feel like this is going to be a great idea and I may have to change my goal and lower it at some point. My pieces of candy should help as a great reinforcer.

Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Punishment, observational learning, behavior, DRO’s, habit, environment, reinforcer,

Section 5.4
1.) One thing I really liked about this section was that it focused on what we can control about our environment and our decisions. I think people in general tend to try and justify their behaviors by focusing on the lack of control they felt they had, so this was a good read on learning to focus on what you can do differently.

2.) One thing I didn't like that much about this section was that some of the information was literally close to, if not the exact same, as material that we have read before. Again, I just felt this section was a bit redundant.

3.) One thing I will remember is that although we may not be able to change our geographical location, we can control whether or not we join groups and who we choose to surround ourselves with, which can make a difference with changing behavior. Second, I will remember that similarly to how we can remove or change things in our environment, we can also add or put antecedents into place in our environment to make us more likely to elicit desired behavior. This is called Differential Reinforcement of other behavior. Lastly, I will remember that it's important to have a support system if you're trying to change/modify a behavior because sometimes it may require asking favors of them to help elicit the desired behavior.

4a.) Day1= 1 hour
Day 2= 30 minutes
Day3= 30 minutes
Day4=1 hour and 15 minutes
Day5= 1 hour
Day6= 45 minutes
Day7= none

b.) So far, this project has been slow for me. I am not making as big of strides as I'd like to see, but I'm trying to cut myself slack because I was ill and feverish this past week so I didn't have as much motivation, but I was happy to have spent some time on schoolwork throughout the weekend.

TERMS: Environment, behavior, antecedents, elicit, differential reinforcement,

1. My favorite thing about this section was the concept that even when the environment is difficult to control, there is usually some way to exert some control over it. This was my favorite part of the section because there are often situations where I feel I have no control and these moments make me feel really anxious. So, learning I can have control over situations even though it feels like I don’t gives me a hope and encouragement to figure out what I can control in those situations to reduce my anxiety.

2. My least favorite part of this section was the toy time out example. This was my least favorite part of the section because when I thought about implementing this behavior modification technique when babysitting, I didn’t see how it would work. I don’t think this technique truly allows the child to see that the behavior they were emitting of fighting over a toy is not appropriate. I think the technique could probably work if the parent didn’t say the toy was going to have a time out, but just take the toy away. That way it is a slight form of punishment, they lose privileges to play with the one toy, but they still are able to play with any of their other toys.

3. The three things I will remember form this section are:
A. that antecedents form the environment for all behaviors. I will remember this concept because when I thought about this, I was filled with amazement. I never thought deeply about how true this is. For example, what restaurant I go to determines the food that I order. The antecedent for every single behavior I emit determines the specifics of the behavior.
B. that observational learning is learning by example. I will remember this concept because of the removing the “NO’s” example. After reading how changing the environment a child is in to reduce the amount of “NO’s” a parent must say can in turn reduce the amount of “NO’s” a two-year-old says because they learn this phrase from their parents, I clearly understood this concept. I also will remember it because after reading about this concept and the example that went along with it, I immediately thought about how I want to integrate this into my parenting style when I am a parent.
C. that the differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) is to reduce a behavior by reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the undesired behavior, and we can control the environment to contain antecedents to elicit appropriate behaviors. I will remember this concept because of the example in the text, placing a bowl of fruit out for snaking instead of a bowl of sweets. This simplistic example got me thinking about how I can easily implement a DRO when trying to implement behavior modification by simply swapping something out in my physical environment. This personal example also increased my remembrance of the concept.

4A. I am collecting data on how many minutes it takes for me to get out of bed from the time my first alarm goes off. My reinforcer is being able to watch Netflix if I get out of bed right away that day.
Day 1= 0 minutes
Day 2= 0 minutes
Day 3= 0 minutes
Day 4= 0 minutes
Day 5= 0 minutes
Day 6= 0 minutes
Day 7= 2 minutes
Average= 0.29 minutes

4B. My behavior modification project is going great so far. I have only had one day where I did not achieve the behavior I am trying to modify. Not feeling rushed in the morning makes my days start off on a much more positive note, adding an additional reinforcer than just being able to watch Netflix if the behavior is emitted.

Terms: environment, antecedent, behavior, emit, observational learning, differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO), elicit, behavior modification, reinforcer

1. One thing that I really liked about this section was it was an easy read. The materiel covered was very interesting. The section just seemed to flow. It also gave great tips on how to elicit the target behavior that you want just by controlling the antecedent.

2. If I had to say that anything was wrong with this section it would be the simple fact that it is too short. It also gave an example that I feel a lot of students myself included would not connect to, I am talking about the parole example. Yes it gives a perfect example of manipulating the environment to get the behavior that you want but I don't feel as if I will be in that situation.

3. The first thing that jumped out to me was the interesting concept of toy time outs. This will stick with me because it goes against what behaviorists see as the better option of using reinforcement instead of punishment. You can not do behavioral modification on a toy but by "punishing" the toy you remove the stimulus that is causing the averse behaviors. This also disrupts the operant behavior which can improve the situation as a whole. I think the whole concept is brilliant.
B. The second thing that I will remember is that antecedents are behaviors too. I think this hit me like it did because I just broke up the ABC's and thought they had to stay in their sections. This just showed me that they do not have to stay in their section and that will stick with me.
C. The third thing that I will remember is that Differential reinforcement of other behaviors is a very powerful tool to change behaviors. This is because it is reinforcing the pleasurable behaviors instead of punishing the one we want to change. I think this will stick with me because it is a great tool to have on my belt for the future.

4a. week #2 behavioral intervention
Day 1 30
Day 2 15
Day 3 -30
Day 4 10
Day 5 -120
Day 6 -180
Day 7 50
Average= -32.14 before midnight

4b. I am achieving results that it is working my average is getting closer to positive minutes before midnight. On Friday it was really bad because that was my reward. The other days were supposed to be before midnight so I am struggling some but making head way.

5. terms used- Elicit, target behavior, antecedent, manipulation, environment, behavior, reinforcement, punishment, behaviorists, behavioral modification, stimulus, averse, behaviors, ABC’s, operant behavior, pleasurable, differential reinforcement of other behaviors,

1) I liked how the section talked about manipulating the antecedents in the environment past just saying that we need to do so. It was also discussed in a manner that brought up things I hadn't thought about. From reading “removing the NOs” I automatically thought of another approach to avoiding nos, but this time they come from the child; when you ask them a question, simply give them a choice of two behaviors to emit and you will essentially elicit desirable behaviors.

2) I disliked that the toy timeout considered the removal of the toy to not be a punishment. The point of removing the toy was to reduce the target behavior's frequency, and even though it was removing an antecedent, it wasn't differential of any alternate behaviors or any other form or reinforcement for the child and still served the function of a punishment.

3) I will remember to change my antecedents to solve issues during behavioral interventions and differential reinforcement of others in order to get the most affective change. I will also remember to be setting an example in my antecedents to make sure the kids maintain observational learning. Finally I will remember that you can use Differential reinforcement to disrupt behaviors by the example of the frozen sweets being unfrozen with the consequence of not getting the function of a quick treat.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = 6
Day 2 = 6
Day 3 = 5
Day 4 = 5
Day 5 = 6
Day 6 = 5
Day 7 = 4
Average = 5.2 good source of fiber snacks

4b) My self-directed behavior is going well thus far, it was working well enough that I had to change my reinforcer to a shorter length show.

5) reinforcement, target behavior, punishment, frequency, antecedent, function, differential reinforcement of alternate behaviors, emit, elicit, desirable, behavioral intervention, differential reinforcement of other behavior, maintain, observational learning, consequence, self directed behavior, reinforcer

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
One thing I really liked about this section was how short and to the point it was because sometimes when the sections are too long I lose interest in reading ¾ of the way through.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
While reading through this section, I did not find anything that I didn’t like. It was a quick read and thoroughly explained the terms.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
One thing I’ll remember from this section is that observational learning is learning through example because they are words that correlate with each other so it’s pretty easy to remember. Another thing that I’ll remember is that we can always find new ways to manipulate our environment because we can always change some sort of aspect of the antecedent of a situation. Lastly, I’ll remember that differential reinforcement of other behavior is an effective way to reduce an undesirable habit and relies on the environment because of all the examples that were used throughout were really relatable.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 =3 times
Day 2 =3 times
Day 3 =2 times
Day 4 =3 times
Day 5 =6 times
Day 6 =4 times
Day 7 =3 times
Average =3.43 times

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
So far my project is going alright. I feel like most days I’ve made a lot of progress; however, the only reason it hasn’t been entirely successful is because I still have days that I go over the amount that I’ve allotted myself. I’ll always have room for improvement, but for now I can see how much more aware of my surroundings I am.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) Terms: Observational learning, manipulate, behavior, differential reinforcement of other behavior,

1) I really liked the example of how changing the antecedent by modifying the environment at home changed the child’s behavior of saying no. While this example is not something I’ve personally experienced exactly (my daughter never went through the no stage) she has modeled other behavior of mine that I rather she hadn’t. This example makes it very clear that changing the environment changes the antecedent which therefore changes the behavior. While you can’t always exactly change the environment completely there are things you can do. This is important for me to learn because it will affect how I parent. As a new parent everyone is constantly giving advice, and pushing it on you. I remember people telling me to do different things constantly, and hearing a lot, ‘she’s going to need to learn eventually you might as well start now’, because I would try and make it so the need didn’t arise. For example putting things out of reach that I didn’t want her playing with instead of continually monitoring her and telling her no, some people saw this as lazy parenting and that I was doing it wrong. I felt that she was young and could be taught it at a later age. Now I see that even adults do this to modify their own behavior so there was nothing wrong with what I was doing.

2) I really liked everything in this section, so I what I choose to ‘like least’ is probably going to sound like I’m nit picking, but I guess I kind of am. But hey you said to pick something! I’d have to say your advice on not eating sweets, like the examples of things you could do to avoid eating so much. Your idea of baking small amounts and freezing them is probably not going to work on someone who craves sweets. Why would freezing them work? They are still available, right in the kitchen. The idea of portioning them out is not the best either. Yeah then you know how many ‘portions’ you eat, but to a person craving sweets, portions usually don’t even matter. Also just putting stuff in the freezer in general. Science says if you can get over your craving for so long it will go away, when it comes to food at least. I find this to be so untrue. When talking about something with friends that we’re craving, even if we don’t get it that day, it will be discussed for days if not weeks until we get it. Maybe some of this works for people, you’re just getting this from a sweets addict =).

3) 1. That changing the antecedent is a good way to modify behavior. This will be easy for me because I relate to the 2 year old getting into everything example, that modifying the environment therefore changes the antecedent by the word ‘no’ not needing to be said in the first place. 2. Observational behavior is learning by watching others. This is something I’ll remember because I learned it a long time ago. 3. Changing the environment is a good way to change your behaviors. The reducing sweets example will help me remember this. Finding ways to modify your environment even though your room mate has things is something I’ve experienced and I think will help get this idea through to me.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 2/2 Y
Day 2 = 0/1 N
Day 3 = 1/1
Day 4 = 1/1
Day 5 = 0/1
Day 6 = -/-
Day 7 = 1/1
Average = 5/7
4b) My behavioral project with making myself be on time to class and work is working out surprisingly very well. All the years I’ve tried to be on time this is the best I’ve ever been. Well I have had a few slip ups, I’m not expecting myself to be perfect. I have a three year old and things just come up. I’ve been keeping track daily on if I’m on time or not so my recording is working out well. Only time I messed up was reinforcing myself even though I didn’t hit my target behavior, I gave in and did it anyway. I promised myself not to do that again so we’ll see how it goes!
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) antecedent, observational learning, behavior, environment,

1) One thing I really liked from the section was a couple of parts about parenting. First, I thought the idea about toy time outs was very interesting. When two children are fighting over a toy, the toy is put in a timeout for negative punishment, instead of one or both of the children. This removes the antecedent of the fight and disrupts the operant behavior of fighting and arguing. I thought this was very interesting. I’ve never seen or heard of a parent doing this. I think it could really be useful. The children understand they did wrong, but they aren’t directly punished. The toy is punished. Either way the children aren’t playing with the toy. The other thing on parenting was to remove the NOs. Many children go through their “terrible twos” when they learn the word no and constantly say it to their parents. This could be due to the fact that children learn by example, also called observational learning. The way to fix this is to remove things from a room that would cause the parents to say no to their children. Creating a safe room for children will help to control the environment (antecedent). I think this tactic could be very useful as well. Since children definitely learn from example, they wouldn’t have their parents saying no to them for what seems like everything to them. Whether it be outlets, sharp corners, things on a table, etc., removing these things could be very helpful in raising children.

2) I thought this section was very interesting, so I had a lot of trouble deciding what I liked the least. If I had to choose, I would say that I didn’t like the example in the Reducing the Nos section involving people on parole. The main reason is that I like the examples to be relatable to my life. I’ve never been on parole, and I don’t know anyone who has been, so I wasn’t able to relate to it.

3) One thing I’ll remember from this section is the material on different parenting strategies that could be helpful to use. Putting the toy in timeout, rather than the children will help as the children won’t have to experience being punished, and the parents won’t have to punish their children. Both things are very hard to do for the people involved. Putting the toy in timeout still involves the action of taking the toy away from the children. Another thing I’ll remember is the removing the NOs from an area being a very good strategy. This makes it so children don’t have to hear the word NO for everything they try to do. Instead, they can play and do what they want without having to worry about being told NO all the time. The third thing I’ll remember is the material on Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior. I really liked the example used with junk food. If someone wanted to stop eating junk food and his roommate kept bring sweets into the home that were available to everyone, it makes it much more difficult to stop eating junk food. Then, the individual would ask the roommate to keep the junk food in his room and eat it when he wasn’t around. Then, the individual bought fresh fruit and made it available to everyone. Then, the roommates would begin eating the fruit as a snack as it becomes the most accessible.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 50 min
Day 2 = 0 min
Day 3 = 45 min
Day 4 = 0 min
Day 5 = 60 min
Day 6 = 0 min
Day 7 = 30 min
Average = 26.43 min

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?

It is going very well so far. My goal of exercising 45 minutes a day 4 different times during the week has almost been spotless. During the first two weeks, I have met my goal 7 out of 8 days.

5) negative punishment, antecedent, operant behavior, observational learning, differential reinforcement of other behavior

Realized I posted this to RA #12 on accident.

a&b) I liked the section that discussed having roommates that effect antecedents. I have had a roommate for the last year and a half. Although we get along great, some things that she does influence my behaviors. For example she keeps Dr. Pepper in the fridge all the time. Seeing it every day and having her drink it makes me crave pop as well. With the current behavioral change project I am rewarding myself with pop on the weekends. Her behaviors make that more difficult to stick with. One way I could help to change the antecedents could be to ask her to refrain from drinking pop around me and keeping her pop to the back of our fridge out of my sight. This section is definitely useful to me in the future when I will have even more roommates.
2) Something I liked least about this section was differential reinforcement. I don't quite understand why we can't reward target behaviors we are trying to decrease. We've talked about it a few times in class, in fact spent a day on it, and it's been mentioned in numerous other sections. It is a concept I'm not sure that I completely agree with and am confused by. Otherwise there wasn't much about this section that I didn't like.
3 a,b&c) By changing the antecedents around you, it can help modify your behaviors. This is especially useful right now as the class does behavioral change projects. It might also be helpful at this time while everyone is preparing for finals and end of the semester projects. We have to learn how to effectively manage our time and antecedents have a sufficient impact on whether or not we are successful. Learning by example is called observational learning. This is a way that children learn behaviors from their parents. Children learn to say “no” because their parents' say “no” to behaviors the child/s are emitting. This could also be the case if parents curse in front of their children. Finally, I will also remember that not only does controlling the environment work when you are living with other people, but also for something like avoiding speeding tickets. For example you could drive a car that doesn't go as fast, teach ourselves to regularly set the cruise at the speed limit, or avoid driving on roads with heavy cop traffic.
4a) Week #2 (behavioral intervention): Minutes Working Out
Day 1 = 0 mins
Day 2 = 30 mins
Day 3 = 40 mins
Day 4 = 0 mins
Day 5 = 30 mins
Day 6 = 30 mins
Day 7 = 0 mins
Average = 18.5 mins
4b) So far I am pleased with my behavioral change project. I'm reinforcing myself on the weekends by letting myself eat candy and have pop. I am using the schedule of reinforcement similar to fixed ratio. I am rewarded on the weekends only if I have worked out for a minimum of 30 mins at least 4 times a week. In some sense this could also be fixed interval because it is on the weekends. However, if I don't work out a minimum of 4 times before the weekend I can't reward myself until the following weekend. This is why I am leaning it more towards fixed ratio.
Terms: Schedule of Reinforcement, Fixed Ratio, Fixed Interval, Antecedents, Behaviors, Differential Reinforcement, Target Behaviors, Behavioral Change, Emitting, Observational Learning.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I really liked this section not only because it definitely helped me fully understand what it means to change the antecedent. It gave me new ideas about parenting. Children learn a lot through observational learning, so changing our environment where we won't have to say "no" very often will help keep children from becoming more rebellious.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
It's hard to say I disliked anything in particular in this section. I only wish it was longer or gave more examples with about raising children, but that's more of a personal preference since I want to work with children.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
I will remember that reinforcement is always more effective than punishment, that you can manipulate your environment to lead to more desired consequences and that leading through example is very helpful in behavioral modification of others.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
hours of sleep
Day 1 = 3- 7:15
Day 2 = Slept 2a- 5:20
Day 3 = 2a-7:15
Day 4 = 12:30a-8:20
Day 5 = 3a-9:00a
Day 6 = 12:20a-9:40a
Day 7 = 2a-11:00
Average = 2 am bedtime, slept hours 6.29
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
It's going overall great. I'm starting to get more of a steady sleep schedule, but I have been having trouble keeping up with the rewarding myself. It's seems I want to succeed with this behavioral intervention more than I want my reward.
Terminology: antecedent, observational learning, reinforcement, punishment, manipulate, consequence

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I liked how useful this section was. The roommate who eats junk food directly applies to the difficulties I have come across in my project for this class, except in this case I am the roommate.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
There wasn’t anything I disliked in this section. It’s all review and was actually useful in helping me achieve my goal I set in the project.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
The first thing I will remember is toy time outs. I have been using this method of controlling the environment at work. The second thing I will remember is removing the NOs. This can be done in any situation, more effectively in certain situations, and is an effective way to control the environment so it produces the desired outcome. The third thing I will remember is all of the suggestions for dealing with how hard it is to reduce the amount of sweets eaten. Since a sweet treat is my reinforcer for the project, these tips will help reduce the temptation to eat a sweet.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = (Sunday)- 3:30am
Day 2 = (Monday)- 10:30pm
Day 3 = (Tuesday)- 10:15pm
Day 4 = (Wednesday)- 12:30am
Day 5 = (Thursday)- 3:30am
Day 6 = (Friday)- 2:15am
Day 7 = (Saturday)- 1:30am
Average = Around 1:00am.
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
This project isn't going as well as I hoped for. Although it is very difficult for me to get to be at my original goal of 10:30pm, due to working at a bar until either 10pm or 2:30am. I think that I should have made it so that just on the weekdays I should get to bed by 10:30pm because on the weekends it just isn't possible.
5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Toy time outs, controlling, environment, behavior, aversive valence, removing the NOs, desired outcome, reduce, reinforcer, target behavior, modify, reasonable, goal, achieve.

Section 5.4
1) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I really liked the discussion about changing the antecedents to change the behavior. As I have been trying to modify my own behavior for this class, I have come to realize how potent antecedents are in eliciting behavior that I am trying to change, whether that is helpful or hindering. I also enjoyed the various examples of changing the antecedent that were provided to help illustrate the point, such as the example about the roommate who was trying to stop eating junk food. The roommate asked his other roommates to eat their sweets in private or when he wasn’t around and he also agreed to put fruit on the table for everyone to eat in order to elicit healthy eating behavior.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
I liked the whole section, there wasn’t anything that I disliked.

3) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
I will remember the concept of “removing the no’s” and “toy time outs” because I think these are valuable lessons in behavior modification. These concepts can be applied to other individuals, not just infants, but it helps point out that removing the antecedent will modify whether the behavior is emitted or not. I will also remember that to change behaviors, we must change antecedents. If you keep being presented with the same antecedents, you will continue to emit the same behavior over and over again versus if you change the antecedents, then you will emit different behavior. Finally, I will remember the differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) because this is a way to change a situation that would usually be treated with punishment into one that is treated with reinforcement. For example, let’s say you are trying to quit drinking pop or lessen your consumption of it, instead of punishing yourself every time that you drink the pop, you find other substitutive behaviors that you can reinforce. You can reinforce yourself every time you drink water, juice, or coffee—if you are drinking these liquids, then you will most likely be lessening your consumption of pop and you will be reinforcing yourself in the process, which is much more enjoyable.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 0 meat eating behavior
Day 2 = N/A
Day 3 = N/A
Day 4 = 0 meat eating behavior
Day 5 = 1 meat eating behavior
Day 6 = 0 meat eating behaviors
Day 7 = 0 meat eating behaviors
Average = .2 meat eating behaviors

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
In some contexts/environments my project is going well, but in others it is not. I have found that on days when I don’t walk past the stations at the dining center that provide meat, I am successful and do not even think about eating meat; when I do walk by the stations providing meat, I have to remind myself that I can’t eat it, which is sometimes difficult. The one time that I ate meat this week when I wasn’t supposed to, I was out to eat with an organization and they only had two entrée options, both of which contained meat. In that context I didn’t really have the option of saying no to the meat and I did not even think about being unable to eat meat before I went to this dinner. In that context I know I had control in the sense that I could have refused to eat the meal, but I felt like that would be rude and unrealistic (since I was really hungry and the food sounded awesome), so I ate the meat. I feel like switching to a weekday vegetarian will be a lot easier when I am cooking my own foods and do not have to be confronted with meat options at almost every meal. I am still working on how to be able to control the antecedents in my environment to help make this behavior modification successful.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

Terms: antecedent, behavior, elicit, emit, differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO), punishment, reinforcement

1) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
One thing I really liked in this section was when it discussed the idea of “Removing the No’s.” As a babysitter of young kids, I know exactly what they are talking about when the mentioned the “terrible twos.” I never really thought that the reason why the kids start saying no all the time is because they hear it so much from their parents and other individuals who watch them on a regular basis. It is a great idea to make a room extremely safe so that you don’t have to constantly remove the child from a dangerous situation and tell them no. However, I was wondering when reading this part, how the child will learn not to put their finger in the socket, or play with the lamp? I liked this because it will benefit me as a babysitter, and someday as a parent as well!
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
One thing I liked least about this section was that it gave us activities to do, but it didn’t tell us if we were right or wrong, or give examples of answers that they were looking for. I think throughout the textbook, we should be able to go to an answers page or something similar to that idea to see if we are on the right track on not with the activities we are given throughout the sections of the book, that way, I will know if I need to ask further questions about a topic in class or not.
3) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
One thing I will remember because it could be beneficial if need be is that, “Even with limited resources and control of the environment we can most always find creative ways to control (manipulate) our environment. We can almost always change some aspects of the antecedent (Maclin P.2 ABC’s).” This is important to remember because even when we think we can’t change something, we can remember that we might have to be creative and work harder to think of an idea to do so. Next, I will remember that differential reinforcement can be used to reduce a behavior. This is important to remember because it is a tool you can keep in your toolbox and use later if you want to change or reduce a certain behavior. DRO is used to reinforce a behavior that is incompatible with the behavior you are trying to reduce, which will help extinguish that unwanted or undesirable behavior. Lastly, I will remember, because it was an important aspect of the section, is that a successful way to change behaviors is to change the antecedents. This will be helpful for our behavioral change project that we are collecting data for right now.
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 2.77
Day 2 = 3.49
Day 3 = 2.65
Day 4 = 0
Day 5 = 0
Day 6 = 6.00
Day 7 = 15.00
Average = $4.27

4) How is your behavior project going so far?
So far so good, I can already tell that just by collecting baseline data my behavior is changing because I am more aware of it because I am constantly writing stuff down and keeping track of what I am spending my money on. It is crazy to me that changing a behavior can be as simple as being familiar with the behavior and brining to your attention more.
TERMS: environment, control, antecedent, manipulate, extinguish, differential reinforcement of other, behavior, reducing

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I though the section on the ‘terrible twos’ was great parenting advice! Raising a kid is extremely hard work and the behavioral techniques discussed can mitigate a lot of stress. Removing certain objects reduces the number of antecedents that lead to undesirable behaviors.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
There could be a whole book on parenting techniques written by a behaviorist (and there likely is). Parts of this chapter was only a glimpse into that, but the whole chapter could’ve been parenting advice; that would be nice since many of us will go on to be parents in a few years. The part on children using observational learning and removing the ‘NOs’ from the environment is a good example of this.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
Noteable parenting advice: 1. Remove the ‘NO’s’ from the environment by creating a safe play room. 2. Toy timeouts are a good way to remove the antecedent to an undesirable behavior and disrupt the operant behavior. 3. Replacing the unhealthy snacks around your house with fruit changes the environment, something we usually have some control of, and makes eating healthier easier.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 1hr
Day 2 =.5hr
Day 3 =0hr
Day 4 =0hr
Day 5 =0hr
Day 6 =0hr
Day 7 =1hr
Average = .35hours per day
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
Unfortunately I’ve been pretty busy this week and haven’t made writing much of a priority. That’s sad given that I won’t have much time to do this during the summer. Once I tie this in with a reward I hope it’ll improve.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Observational learning, behavior, antecedent, undesirable, disrupting the operant behavior, change the environment

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
Section 5.4 further explained how those who do not understand behavior modification terms will continually attempt to modify a behavior by punishing rather than reinforcing positive behavior. This chapter also explains how changing the environment will result in more efficient and successful behavior modification. The examples given were creating a safe room to promote saying no but eliminating unsafe behavior, the other example with the sweets gave great examples of how to creatively make healthy decisions into easy decisions.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
What I didn’t like about this chapter was how the downside of saying no was never really explained, it more just implied that we don’t do that without reminding us of the reason why punishment was bad. I know why it’s bad but I felt that a refresher would have been fitting.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
• Changing the antecedent to make positive behaviors easier to emit is a powerful way to extinguish negative behavior.
• Changing the environment is a form of disrupting operant behavior.
• Differential reinforcement of other behavior works by reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the undesired behaviors.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 weeks’ worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = 0
Day 2 = 1
Day 3 = 0
Day 4 = 0
Day 5 = 1
Day 6 = 0
Day 7 = 1
Average = 3 times eating out

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
The week that we took our baseline I ate out 11 times, this number was higher than most weeks since I was traveling. Taking a guess I would say on any other normal week I go out to eat 5-7 times, since I am now consciously tracking how often I eat out the number has dropped to 3. 3 is a good number and I would like to modify my behavior to consistently eat out > 3 times a week.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms: behavior modification, punishing, reinforcing, extinguishing, differential reinforcement of other behaviors, emit

1. I really liked the beginning of the chapter where the toy was put in timeout. It is a smart way of decreasing the frequency of an unwanted behaviour. By putting the toy in timeout, the kids will not be able to continue fighting over the toy, and they will not experience the negative emotions that often comes with punishment. By not punishing the kids for fighting over the toy, adults can reinforce them for not fighting, and the kids will eventually learn to put the toy in time out because being reinforced for not fighting is more rewarding than being punished for fighting. This is really interesting because it puts parenting into a different perspective. It is often hard to deny children of something they want and upset them, not only does it bring negative emotions to the children, they are less likely to learn the wanted behaviours.

2. There is nothing to dislike about this chapter except it is a little too short and I really enjoyed reading it.

3. I will remember that parenting does not have to involve any aversive experiences. Punishments or negative reinforcement do not have to be one of the parenting tactics. But instead, redirect the behaviour after removing the antecedent which causes the unwanted behaviour, and reinforce the new behaviours emitted after the antecedent was removed. Then, I will remember that I can always ask others to help modify my behaviours if I feel little control over my own behaviours. Lastly, I will remember that it can be creative and fun to modify the environment in order to have more control over our own behaviours. I will remember these three things because the chapter has made it really easy to retain the information.

4. Day 1=44. Day 2=126. Day 3=113. Day 4=70. Day 5=55. Day 6=48. Day7=71. Average: 75.3

I feel very positive about my behavioural project because I can feel that I use my phone significantly less, and that I will think twice before picking up my phone for no reason at all. I am able to focus on homework more because I use my phone less and has become less distracted. I also am spending less money because I do not go onto shopping apps for no reason. I also hide my phone somewhere less approachable, or somewhere that requires moving myself or repositioning myself. I carry my phone around with me less often and am feeling happier because I am not always constantly be waiting for some notification on my phone. It has been a great experience detaching myself from my phone, while getting reinforced for using it less almost every day (except days where I really crave my phone and social media and shopping apps). Overall, using my phone less has been successful.

TERMS: reinforcement, reinforcing, reinforce, rewarding, punishment, negative reinforcement, aversive, antecedent, consequence, behaviour, remove, modify

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I liked the example of toy time-outs as controlling the environment surrounding the behavior. This is interesting to me because people typically punish their child for a certain target behavior and not the toy

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
I disliked the DRO part of this section because we have reviewed it so many times that its already stuck in my brain.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
I will remember DRO because we have reviewed it so many times, I will remember removing the No's example as well as the toy time-out example because they are so unique.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = 2 times
Day 2 = 2 times
Day 3 = 3 times
Day 4 = 1 time
Day 5 = 2 times
Day 6 = 3 times
Day 7 = 4 times
Average = 3 times

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
Good so far; I find myself catching myself going to crack my back and stopping because I know I will be held accountable for my behavior because of this project. Creating a baseline has also helped me a lot.

Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

TERMS: behavior, DRO (differential reinforcement of other behaviors), target behavior, baseline

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
One thing that I really liked about this section is that it talked about discipling children. I work at a daycare so I continuously see people doing the “toy time out” and also trying to “remove the NO’s.” I never really thought about the idea of taking the toy away as being apart of this discussion. I believe most people do it as a way to punish the children too.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
There wasn’t really a specific idea that I didn’t really like. This section wasn’t too long and got the point across.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
The first thing that I will remember from this section is that you have to control your environment in order to get to the goal that you are wanting. If you continue to put yourself in situations that wouldn’t allow you to reach it, it will make it hard. The next thing that I will remember is that taking away toys from children in a form of disrupting the operant behavior. The last thing that I will remember is that if you take things away from the beginning, it will influence the behavior later. For example, if you put things away that you wouldn’t want your children to have then they will never have the opportunity to get in trouble for trying to get them.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =1.5 miles

Day 2 =0

Day 3 =1.5

Day 4 =0

Day 5 =2

Day 6 =0

Day 7 =2

Average =1 mile

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
My project is going extremely well actually. Within the next couple weeks I’d like to increase my behavior from six miles a week to ten or so. I want to better my exercising by the end of the summer.

5) Terminology: toy time out, removing the no’s, punish, disrupting the operant behavior

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
- I liked reading about tangible reinforcers because it helped me modify the reinforcer that I am using for my behavioral intervention project.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
-there wasn't really anything I disliked about this section. I thought every thing in this section was import to behavior modification and I actually used some information from this section to modify y behavioral intervention project.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
-I will remember that reinforcers can be primary or secondary, It is important to choose a reinforcer, and delayed gratification is not receiving a reinforcer directly after a target behavior is emitted. All of these were explained to make it easy to understand the content.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 =4
Day 2 =3
Day 3 =4
Day 4 =2
Day 5 =2
Day 6 =3
Day 7 =0
Average =2.5

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
- So far my behavioral intervention project is frustrating. Biting my nails is a very bad habit that I emit, and I thought that extinguishing this behavior was going to be easier than it has been. I also picked a pretty time consuming (repainting my nails) so it has been difficult to follow through with with punishment after emitting the behavior of biting my nails.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
-reinforcer, reinforcers, primary, secondary, delayed gratification, target behavior, emitted, emit, emitting, behavior, behavior modification, extinguishing, punishment, behavioral intervention, tangible reinforcer

Please read sections 5.4 (Changing the Antecedants).
Please fill out the boxes in the readings you may be quizzed on them in class.
After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
After reading section 5.4, I discovered that there was one thing that I really liked about this section. One thing that I really liked in this section was “Toy Time Outs”. If you are able to control the antecedent then you can control the behavior. With that being said, Toy Time Outs consists of removing a toy that kids are arguing/fighting over, as they often do. Instead of using negative punishment to punish the child(ren) for fighting/arguing over the toy, the toy ends up being punished by being removed from the situation in order to avoid further issues that may arise between the children.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
There wasn’t anything that I particularly disliked in this section. I found all of the information valuable and easy to read and understand.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
There are three things that I will particularly remember from this section. The first thing that I will remember from this section is, “removing the Nos”. Most people are familiar with the terrible two’s that kids go through at the age of two. During this life phase, the kids often say No repeatedly. This occurs because children learn by example. This is known as observational learning. Another thing that I will remember from this section is that a reinforcer can be an event. Most people, including myself, think of reinforcers as tangible objects or rewards. However, we can reinforce ourselves with the opportunity to do something instead, making the reinforcer an event rather than a tangible object or reward. The third thing that I will remember from this section is the Premack Principle. When it comes to the Premack Principle, researchers were able to discover that they could get humans and other animals to emit a certain behavior, for the opportunity to do something. They can achieve this by having people and/or animals engage in a low frequency behavior for the opportunity to engage in a high frequency behavior. I will remember these three things from this section, because I find these concepts to hold valuable information when it comes to behavior modification.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =
30 minutes
Day 2 =
45 minutes
Day 3 =
45 minutes
Day 4 =
60 minutes
Day 5 =
60 minutes
Day 6 =
30 minutes
Day 7 =
20 minutes
Average = 41.42 minutes

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
My behavior project is going well. It can be difficult to get a workout in on especially busy days, but I am still finding time to do so (even if it is just for a little bit). My reinforcer is still working well, however, I think that I will have to change it by next week, since it is slowly not having as important of an affect on me and will start lowering my workout behavior.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Terms- antecedent, behavior, negative punishment, punished, observational learning, reinforcer, reinforce, Premack Principle, emit, behavior modification

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?

--The one thing I found really interesting is the toy time out example of parenting. Most of the time kids fight over toys and the one that is causing the no sharing or vice versa is the one that gets the time out. This toy time out example is the opposite; rather than punishing the child and putting them in a time out which would be negative punishment, you punish the toy and put the actual toy in a time out. This changes the environment by removing the antecedent of the fight and it definitely disrupts the operant behavior of fighting and arguing. I really found this interesting and actually could be useful to a lot of kids and maybe even mine someday.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
--There actually wasn’t really anything I dislike or liked least in this section. I found this section to be really easy to read and understand. All the information was very straightforward and explained each concept really well.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
--First, I will remember that changing or removing the antecedent rather than a reinforcer is very useful. I have never heard of this concept or approach before is the reasoning why I will remember it. Another thing I will remember is the punishing a toy example instead of the child itself. Which this example removes the antecedent of the fight and disrupts the behavior of the children. Its always good to change the environment because it enforces a good behavior and helps to complete the enforcement. Lastly, is ill remembered that differential reinforcement of other behaviors are an effective way to reduce a behavior and can be elicited by changing the environment.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 weeks’ worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =Yes
Day 2 =Yes
Day 3 =Yes
Day 4 =Yes
Day 5 =Yes
Day 6 =Yes
Day 7 =Yes
Average =Yes

4b) how is your behavior project going so far?
--My behavioral project is actually going well so far. I couldn’t be happier with the change I made by washing my face every night and morning to the reinforcer of buying more things for my face. I have become really good at washing my face both times but I can definitely tell when I do not.

Terms: Disrupt the Operant Behavior, punishment, negative punishment, antecedent, differential reinforcement, reinforcer, elicited.

a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I really liked that it pointed out that to change a behavior, one has to be aware of antecedents and everything else going on in behavior modification.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
I disliked the examples about children. I didn't think they were applicable right now. I would have appreciated examples relating to the behaviors we are trying to change in class (smoking, nail biting, swearing, class attendance, etc.)

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
I will remember that differential reinforcement of other works as well for antecedents because changing the antecedent can be as effective as reinforcing other behaviors. I will also remember that many experts believe that by changing the environment can change behaviors -- which sounds a lot like social engineering from an earlier chapter. I will also remember that to change a behavior you have to be aware of what is going on. I understand now that this is why I haven't been effective at changing my behaviors -- I am very passive about the awareness of my behavior (probably as a way to save face).

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = 0/2 classes attended
Day 2 = 1/1 classes attended
Day 3 = 0/2 classes attended
Day 4 = All classes cancelled
Day 5 = 0/2 classes attended
Average = 1/7 classes attended; this is really sad
I noticed that I justified this by saying that I had a test and two large papers due that week. I still should have been going to class.

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
Not well. As noted in today's reading, for effective behavioral changes to occur, one needs to be deliberate and aware of what is going on. My behavior I want to increase is going to class. I seem to not be so aware of when I choose to and when I don't (usually because I decide in the morning when my alarm goes off and I'm tired). I need to make myself be more aware and observant of my decisions (as well as the consequences)

Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) Behavior, consequence, antecedent, behavior modification, differential reinforcement of other, social engineering

Reading Activity Week #13

Section 5.4: Changing the Antecedents

1) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I really liked all of the information in this section. I think it is an interesting concept to be able to change the antecedents. It is almost like taking preventative measures or being proactive. If we can change the antecedents and manipulate our environments, then we will not even have a change to emit the target behavior that we are trying to change. This will all come in handy when we are working on changing our own behaviors.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
The only thing I didn’t like about this section was how short it was. I liked all of the information and I felt that it was all really important to our learning about behavior modification, but I would have liked to have more. I think this section could have been much longer, or maybe even combined with another section. It is hard to write these blogs is the sections assigned don’t have much information.

3) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
A. The first thing I will take with me from this section is the part about removing the “nos” from a situation. By controlling the environment and removing the “nos”, this will change the antecedent and the behavior will be less likely to occur in the first place. This makes total sense when we are talking about parenting or watching after a child. There are so many instances when a child will get into something that you don’t want them in and then you will have to tell them “no”. But this section urges that you can skip past the “no” phase when a child is in their terrible twos. If we remove the objects that we don’t want the children playing with, then there will not be a need to tell them no. It seems like such a simple task, but I don’t feel that many people do it. We could also relate this to our own lives. For example, say that I am trying to eat healthier. Every day I come home for lunch and I open up the cupboards to see a bag of potato chips, and every day I have to tell myself “no”. This would be a much easier process if I just removed the chips from the cupboard to begin with.
B. Another thing I will take from this section is the information of DROs (differential reinforcement of other). When we focus on a different behavior, it may help us to increase/decrease the target behavior. This is another way that we can change and manipulate the antecedent in order to change the behavior. We can use the example of trying to eat healthy to explain this as well. If we are trying to eat healthier, it will not help to have sweets or junk food out in the open and easily accessible to us. If we do different things with the sweets (i.e. put them in the freezer), then we will be less likely to eat them as often as we were. If we put our sweets in the freezer, they will have to defrost and they will take more work to get at. So if we do get at them, it will mean that we really wanted a sweet. This will be a good thing to remember, because sometimes it is hard to reinforce or punish the actual target behavior that we are modifying, so we must target other behaviors first.
C. The next thing I really took from this section was the information on other things we could do if our environment wasn’t readily under our control. One of the things really rang true from my own experiences. I used to smoke cigarettes and it took me a long time to finally kick the habit. For example, last year I was trying to cut back on my cigarette intake, but I wasn’t ready to not have access to them altogether. One day I gave my cigarettes to my roommate and I told her to hide them from me until I really seemed to need one or want one. This section talks about having someone else help you manipulate your environment (because obviously I cannot hide my cigarettes from myself). It also states that this is a good method because it is embarrassing to go back to your friend/roommate and ask for whatever it is you are trying to quit – and it is!

4) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 weeks worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 0
Day 2 = 0
Day 3 = 0
Day 4 = 0
Day 5 = 0
Day 6 = 0
Day 7 = 0
Average = 0 miles

How is your behavior project going so far?
My first week of the behavior project went really well and I met my goal of running 2 times a week (I even ran 3). But this last week, I did terrible. I didn’t run at all this week. And I know that it’s because last week was very busy for me. I worked 5 nights last week and I had several different homework assignments and things to grade for my TA position. Between all of my schoolwork and paid work, I had no time to run. I know that it only takes about 20 minutes to do the actual workout, but then I would have to factor in the amount of time it would take me to shower and cool down from the workout. I feel like the first week I pushed myself too hard because I really exceeded my expectations – which is why last week it was easier for me to shrug it off. I also feel like I have gotten too good at making excuses. I WAS really bust last week, but there were times when I chose to sit at home or go be with friends when I could have taken the time to get a run/walk in. I also never reinforced myself for the week that I did really well. I just kept thinking, “I’ll get to it.” But I never did. So I need to remember what I am learning in this course and start getting out there and running more!

TERMS: Remove the “Nos”, Control the Environment, Change the Antecedent, Differential Reinforcement of Other (DRO), Reinforce, Punish

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I liked that there were specific examples given about how to remove antecedents from the environment to help solve problems we have in everyday life. I liked this because it shows us a few things that we can do to change our environment in a positive way.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
I felt that there were too many boxes to fill out. I feel like some of these aren’t necessary.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
1. Removing things in a room for a 2 year old to play with may help reduce the terrible twos. 2. DRO is an effective way to change a behavior. 3. Changing our environment can help change behaviors.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = $10.93
Day 2 = $15.87
Day 3 = $27.82
Day 4 = $3.64
Day 5 = $8.09
Day 6 = $13.57
Day 7 = $15.01
Average = $13.56
4b) how is your behavior project going so far?
Since I emitted the behavior of keeping track of how much money I spend each day (and what im spending it on) I have reduced the amount I spend on things. So far ive dropped my spending down to roughly $80ish dollars a week on groceries, beer, and food.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Behavior, antecedent, emit,

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
One thing that I really liked about this section was the fact that there were specific examples of how the antecedents could be changed when someone has the desire to modify their behavior. It helped me to grasp the concept that environments can be controlled.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
There wasn't really anything that I disliked about this section. I thought it was short and to the point and the information was easy to understand.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
a)I will remember that observational learning is learning by example. I will remember this because it is a concept that I am familiar with.
b)I will remember that differential reinforcement of the other is when you reinforce a behavior that is incompatible with the behavior in which you wish to modify. I will remember this because it is repeated information from previous sections.
c)Finally, I will remember that changing the antecedents is a effective way to modify behaviors. I will remember this because it was the main topic of this section.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
I had to change my target behavior last week because I found that modifying my initial target behavior was much difficult to incorporate into my everyday life than I thought it would be. For this reason I will be reporting my baseline this week. I also changed my target behavior to going to sleep at at least 12pm.

Week #1 (baseline)

Day 1 =2:30am
Day 2 =2am
Day 3 =1am
Day 4 =1am
Day 5 =1:30am
Day 6 =3:30am
Day 7 =2am
Average =about 2am

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
Since I am a week behind I have yet to incorporate my behavioral intervention.

Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
antecedents, observational learning, differential reinforcement of the other, reinforce, behavior, target behavior, behavioral intervention

1. One thing i enjoyed in this section was learning how changing the environment will change the behavior. I liked the books example of people who are on parole would do much better if they were not surrounded by others in the same situation. This is a good example of how much the antecedent plays a role in what behavior we emit.

2. What I didn't like about this chapter was DRO. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors, is similar to positive reinforcement. Reinforcing a good behavior instead of punishing a bad behavior. The only reason i didn't like this was because it was a little redundant. We could have learned about his earlier in the book.

3. I will remember DRO, the environmental effects on the behavior and observational learning. Dro is similar to positive reinforcement because it rewards good behavior when attempting to change a behavior. The environment can set the stage for all behavior depending on your situation, in the book a person on parole would have a much easier time doing good if he wasn't around others who were also on parole. Observational learning is how children learn from their parents. In the Removing the NO's section, This is again another example of how an environment can control behaviors.

4.
Day 1- 600
Day 2- 0
Day 3- 600
Day 4- 0
Day 5- 600
Day 6- 500
Day 7- 500

b. My project has been going well, My reinforcer really only works when i get in and shoot so ill have to focus on getting in the gym more.

5. Observational learning, reinforcer, antecedent, behavior, consequence, positive reinforcement.

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why? I enjoyed learning how to apply these concepts to my life because it helps me improve certain aspects of my life that I want to improve.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why? I didn’t enjoy thinking about how difficult it actually is to achieve success in these situations.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why? a) A behavioral hierarchy can be created to determine what events can be used as reinforcers; b) When a variety of reinforcer options exist, it is often a good idea to choose a reinforcer that compliments the behavior you are modifying; c) A behavior chain can be viewed as a series of behaviors where one behavior leads into the next behavior.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =
20 minutes Day 2 =
30 minutes Day 3 =
20 minutes Day 4 =
30 minutes Day 5 =
0 Day 6 =
25 minutes Day 7 =
25 minutes Average = 21.42
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
The first week went well but the second week wasn’t as good.
Please continue with your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post. Behavioral, reinforcers, behavior

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.
1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I find it so interesting that behavior can be controlled as simply as by controlling the antecedent. The situation that we are in can control our behavior. It can be that simple in some situations.
2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
There is nothing that i dislike about this section.
3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
There is another way that you can change behavior and it is differential reinforcement which can manipulate behavior better in different situations.
When the environment is changed the behavior can be changed and this is an easy way to look at different ways to change behavior.
Changing the environment can allow desirable behaviors to occur instead of unwanted behaviors which helps people like changing the environment.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of baseline data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Did I wear them?

Day 1 =no
Day 2 =no
Day 3 =yes
Day 4 =yes
Day 5 =yes
Day 6 =no
Day 7 =no
Average =no
4b) How is your behavior project going so far?
It has been hard to elicited the behavior of wearing my retainers more because I am lazy. I do not want to clean them or make time to clean them which makes me not want to wear them. I tend to get on a role and then I don’t wear them one night and then forget about them.
TERMS: differential reinforcement, manipulate, antecedent, elicited

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?

a. I think my favorite thing about this chapter and maybe even this class is the concept of removing the “No’s.”

b. I like this because it applies to every behavior change we want to make. We also learned by “Observational Learning,” which is why most of us have the bad habits that we are trying to get rid of in the first place.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?

I don’t like that choosing a differential reinforcement of other for food was to eat a different food. It is still encouraging eating. (I liked this whole chapter so I guess this is the only nitpicky thing I could find to criticize.)

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?

a. Removing the “No’s” is an effective way to change behavior. It makes sense and applies to every behavior that you want to change.
b. Differential reinforcement of other is when you find alternate behaviors to reward. We have discussed this in other chapters and it seems very important.
c. Changing the environment while an undesirable behavior is happening is called disrupting the operant behavior. I will remember this because it is also effective in turning a behavior around and has come up in previous chapters.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =20 min
Day 2 =20 min
Day 3 =0 min
Day 4 =21
Day 5 =0
Day 6 =22
Day 7 =23
Average = 15 minutes

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?

My project is going really well. I decided that Tuesday and Thursday are going to be the days that I get breaks from working out because they are my busiest school and work days. I haven’t had any problems working out but the reward I chose isn’t very rewarding for me anymore. I am just happy that I have lost an inch off of both of my legs and two inches off of my stomach. I think that is enough to keep me going for now.

5) Terms: Reward, Observational learning, antecedent, differential reinforcement of other, disrupting the operant behavior.

1 a&b) This article did a very good job with focusing on the antecedents when attempting to change a specific behavior. I really liked the idea of putting the toy in timeout. Rather than punishing the kids, they took all the reason to do so out of play. By removing the antecedent that leads to punishment, punishment is no longer needed. I also really like the following paragraph with removing the NO’s. The article focused on kids and removing the NO’s, but I thought of it in a way of removing the NO’s I say to myself. Not having the option to punish myself for staying up too late would make changing my behavior very easy.
2) One thing that I dislike the most was that it focused a lot on children. I think opening up these ideas to a wider range of ages would have been very helpful.
3 a,b&c) I will remember that a useful way to change behaviors is to change the antecedents in your environment. This makes too much sense when avoiding emitting unwanted behaviors. I will remember the Premack Principle, because that is a principle I will begin to use on myself when my procrastination becomes strong. Another term that will be remembered is Behavioral Hierarchy. I think keeping track of behavior’s frequency is a good idea. Watching how often you drink compared to how often you study would be one thing I would like to look at.
4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 2am-10am (Saturday night, Sunday morning)
Day 2 =1am-11am
Day 3 =1am-9am
Day 4 =2am-11am
Day 5 =12:30am-9am
Day 6 =3am-12pm
Day 7 =3:30am- 12pm
Average = 2:30am-10:30am
4b) My behavior project is going pretty good I think. This week I moved further away from my target behavior goal, but I think it was due to more of an empty schedule compared to other weeks.
5) Terms: antecedents, Premack Principle, punishing, Behavioral Hierarchy, emitting

I really liked learning about changing the antecedent. This is something that has been popping up a lot lately in my life because of our assignments. I try and control the environments that elicit my behavior of procrastination. I also really liked the paragraphs that discussed child interventions. These will really help me this summer when I am nannying two little boys. I liked the part about removing “no.” If I can create an environment where I don’t have to say no all the time it can really help foster a good relationship with the boys.
There was nothing that I really disliked about this section. I think the only change I would have prefered to have was longer sections. I kept scrolling to find more info and examples of real life applications, only to find none. I’m the kind of person that likes the answers to be right there, and it seems that this is something that is more trial and error. This annoys me, but unfortunately is uncontrollable since every situation is different.
The first thing I will remember will be getting the word no out of the household. I will remember this because if you use it a lot, then your child will learn to say it a lot. This is observational learning. When raised without the word, the child will not be able to pick up on the behavior and is less likely to have a “terrible twos” scenario. Secondly I will remember that as a person I have the power to control my behavior and my environment. I will remember that I have the power to manipulate my environment to elicit certain behaviors from myself. We can alter the antecedents to achieve a specific target behavior, to reduce and undesired behavior. I will also remember that antecedents have the power to make or break a behavior. We have talked about this some in previous chapters, but this is where this takes full force.
Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of baseline data. Report Week #2 below:
4/6: 11am
4/7: 10am
4/8: 11pm
4/9: 9am
4/10: 10am
4/11:n/a
4/12:n/a
So far my project isn’t going that great. I am running into difficulty I am struggling with how to record my homework time. There are times where I will start working on my homework early in the day, but not be very productive, but the times when I do my homework in the evening I get my homework done quickly and efficiently. I also need to switch up my reinforcer, because my boyfriend and I are currently fighting. So being able to call him every night is not that motivating.
Terms: antecedent, elicit, observational learning, behavior, target behavior,

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?

One thing that I really liked about this section was it stated many examples of changing antecedents to avoid undesirable behaviors which will then avoid punishments. I really enjoyed reading the examples as I could relate to them. My cat likes to scratch the mat and she gets punished by my mum by not giving her treats which I think is very aversive. My mum decided to take the mat away so that my cat would not scratch it. The mat, being the antecedent is now removed from my cat’s environment and she does not get punished anymore because the antecedent is not present for her to emit the behavior. As a result, my cat gets her treats as usual, which is reinforcing for her.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?

I did not dislike anything in this section. I thought this section was easy to understand, follow through, and relate to my experiences.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?

Firstly, I will remember the toy time outs. This is easy to remember because kids often fight over toys or use toys as a means to hurt other kids. This example clearly depicts how parents should learn to change the antecedent, which is the toy, instead of punishing their kids for emitting undesirable behaviors such as fighting over the same toy or hurting another with the toy. Removing the toy (antecedent) from the environment will prevent kids from fighting and arguing (operant behavior). Secondly, I will remember the idea of removing the NO’s from the environment. Instead of having things that are available to children that they are not supposed to get access to, and continuously saying no to them, parents should consider removing the things that they are not supposed to get access to. By controlling the environment (antecedent) the only behaviors the child can emit are safe and appropriate. As a result, this will reduce the number of No’s from the parents. Finally, I will definitely remember differential reinforcement of other because it is a recap of the previous sections in the ABC’s book. This method is important in behavior modification as it is used to reduce a behavior by changing the antecedents.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 6.5 hours of sleep
Day 2 = 7 hours of sleep
Day 3 = 7 hours of sleep
Day 4 = 7 hours of sleep
Day 5 = 8 hours of sleep
Day 6 = 7 hours of sleep
Day 7 = 8 hours of sleep
Average = 7.21 hours of sleep

4b) How is your behavior project going so far?

My project is going alright so far although I am yet to reach my goal of getting 8 hours of sleep every night. I am trying get at least 7 hours of sleep daily although sometimes I don’t because I have to study for exams and get my papers written. My reinforcer seems to be working alright for me.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.

Differential reinforcement of other, antecedent, operant behavior, punishment, reinforcer, reinforcement, aversive, undesirable, reinforcing, punishing.

After reading section 5.4, please respond to the following questions.

1 a&b) What was one thing that you really liked that was in the section? Why?
I liked the example you used with the toy timeout. It's an interesting idea: putting the toy in timeout because the toy needs to be punished. I did not think about doing this ever and interrupting the operant behavior of fighting. I want to use this someday.

2) What was one thing that you disliked (or liked least) that was in the section? Why?
I didn't really care for the section where it talked about the terrible two's and the removal of the "no's." I totally believe in observational learning so you can't really control what others are doing. The word "no" is going to come out, and I think it's more of a hassle to cut it out of your vocabulary.

3 a,b&c) What are three things you will remember from what you read in the section? Why?
1. I will remember that you can modify behavior if you change the antecedent because of the junk food example. Instead of leaving the cupcakes on the counter, putting them in the freezer (antecedent) and waiting for them to thaw will make you less likely to eat them. 2. I will remember that DRO is a way to reduce your behavior because it gives you other options of how to go about that behavior. 3. I will remember that reducing the number of times you say no to a kid in their terrible twos will help decrease their outburst because they learn from observational learning and if you tell them no they are more likely to emit the behavior of saying no to people/things especially you as a parent.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)

Day 1 = 1 cups
Day 2 = 2 cups
Day 3 = 0 cups
Day 4 = 1 cup
Day 5 = 0 cups
Day 6 = 0 cups
Day 7 = 0 cups
Total = 4 cups of coffee

4b) How is your behavior project going so far? My project is going better than I had expected it to go. I did not really think I could give up drinking coffee because I was drinking about 8 cups per week, so cutting it to 3 is definitely a hard task, but I am almost there! My reinforcer is helping me.

5) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
reinforcer, punished, operant behavior, observational learning, antecedent, DRO, behavior, emit

1 a&b) One thing I really liked that was in this section was the mention of the “terrible twos” because I have two young nephews so I could definitely relate. I remember my sister having to buy all sorts of safety things to help keep cupboards shut and protect their glass coffee table.

2) The thing that I liked least in this section was that DRO was explained yet again. I feel as though Differential Reinforcement of Other is getting satiated in this material.

3) The first thing that I will remember from this section is that changing the antecedent is the most effective way to influence the frequency of a target behavior. Sometimes rewards, punishment, schedules of reinforcement, extinction, and discriminative stimulus are not enough to impact the behavior so another change needs to be made. The next thing I will remember from this section is that changing the environment during the target behavior can disrupt the behavior. A change in the environment can elicit the person to stop emitting the behavior while it is occurring. An example of this is when Dr. MacLin asks the class to take out a piece of paper when were are being too chatty. This positive punishment (adding the thought of a potential quiz) to the environment will decrease the chatty behaviors. The third thing that I will take from this section is that DRO is still an effective way to change behaviors. Skinner believed that rewards were more effective than punishment, because no one likes to be punished. He was right! The main idea from this chapter is that the Antecedent is the most essential component of the ABC's because it typically determines whether the behavior will occur or not, and starts the process of building positive or negative contingencies.

4a) Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =0
Day 2 =0
Day 3 =45
Day 4 =30
Day 5 =30
Day 6 =0
Day 7 =0
Average = 15

4b) My behavior project is going great so far. I like using Netflix and shopping as rewards for myself, and in addition to that I also feel more alert and I don’t seem to be napping as much as I used to. It will be interesting to see if this trend continues for next week too!

5) Differential Reinforcement of Other, satiated, target behavior, reward, punishment, schedule of reinforcement, extinction, discriminative stimulus, disruptive behavior, elicit, emit, positive punishment, antecedent, positive contingency, negative contingency.

1.The part of this reading I liked the most was the discussion about removing the no’s when attempting to modify a child’s behavior. I never really understood what could be done to manipulate a child’s behavior especially when they are in their terrible twos stage. It made complete sense to stop with the usage of saying no to the child because they do learn by example and pick up on us constantly telling them no which they return to us. To do that all a parent has to do is create a safe play environment where nothing dangerous can be accessible and everything that shouldn’t be played with up high and out of sight, which will in turn reduce the number of times a parent says no.

2.I liked everything about this section. I did like the fact that it was a shorter read and that the information was quite relevant and easy to understand, I felt that more material could have been added to this section.

3.I will remember that modifying or changing the antecedent can be helpful to change a behavior. It is important to analyze the antecedents and how they interact and effect the target behavior. Figuring out if the antecedent can be changed to help foster the desired changes with the target behavior. Another thing that I will remember is the part about toy timeouts. It is better to put the toy in time out rather than the child so that the toy is the one being punished but also the child understands that the behavior that they emitted was not a desirable one. Putting a child in timeout is a negative punishment by removing their freedom to move about, so instead removing the toy changes the environment and alters the antecedent so that it decrease the likelihood of the undesirable behavior occurring in the future. The last thing I will remember is differential reinforcement of other and how it is used to reduce a behavior by reinforcing another behavior that is incompatible with the undesired behavior. A great example is trying to eat less junk food so placing more fresh fruit that is easily accessible especially when hungry will increase the likelihood of eating fruit which in turn decrease the likelihood of eating junk food.

4.Day 1= 3 cups of vegetables
Day 2= 4 cups of vegetables
Day 3= 2.5 cups of vegetables
Day 4= 3.5 cups of vegetables
Day 5= 1.5 cups of vegetables
Day 6= 2 cups of vegetables
Day 7= 2.5 cups of vegetables
Average= 2.7 cups of vegetables

My behavioral change project is going very well considering it has only been the first week of the behavioral intervention with reinforcement. By recording every time I eat vegetables as well as the antecedents that proceed it I found it very helpful to find I tend to eat more vegetables while at school for lunch and at home for dinner because they are readily accessible. By making vegetables more accessible throughout the day I increase my changes of eating vegetables and eating the desired number of 3 cups per day in order to get my reinforcement of Coca Cola. If I continue to write down the antecedents that help my vegetable eating behavior then I can continue to eat less junk food which is the ultimate function of the target behavior.

5.Terms: Target Behavior, Behavioral Intervention, Reinforcement, Antecedent, Emit, Behavior, Negative Punishment, Punishment, Differential Reinforcement of Other

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
The most interesting part of this section was the idea of the safe room. We have talked about this once before because Otto said that he did this for his child. I have heard of many parents (even my own) talking about the terrible twos and it is interesting to read that they are just going through this because they are learning by example. During that age the child will be punished a lot by saying no and taking whatever the child is playing with away. It was also interesting to me to see that WE can manipulate our environment to make it how we need or want it to be. I also thought that the examples of eating less junk food were very helpful.

2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
I didn't find anything in this section very boring because I think that all of these could relate to my life and because of the target behaviors we set a couple weeks ago, I have been trying to eat healthier as well as saving money and not eating out so much. The consequence of this will be to have more money and become healthier as a whole. So this section was very relatable and helpful in many of the aspects.

3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
We have talked about antecedents a lot in class throughout the semester and so this section touched up on that topic. We have also discussed how we can change our environment to help accomplish the target behavior. We have also talked about differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) throughout class discussions about how the target behavior can be emitted the most successfully.

4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
Like I stated before, I thought this section related to me a lot because of the examples correlating so much with the target behavior I have set to change. I have actually tried to start changing my antecedents by buying groceries for myself so I don't eat out at restaurants. I have also started to buy foods that have to be put in the oven and baked for awhile so I don't just snack all the time like I used to either on chips or granola bars. My roommates and I are trying to change our behaviors together and have all used DRO to accomplish the goals that we want. We feel reinforced when we decide to eat healthy.

5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Did I eat out at a restaurant or get delivery
Day 1 = no
Day 2 = no
Day 3 = yes
Day 4 =yes
Day 5 =yes
Day 6 =no
Day 7 =no
Average = no

5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
My project is doing better than I honestly thought it would be. I learned to change my antecedents like this section talked about and have learned that I will obviously eat more in my own home and not order delivery so much when I have foods in the house that I like. If I could change anything about this I would maybe add in working out as well as the eating habits because I feel like each of these go hand-in-hand and could give me the best consequences (saving money and feeling more fit). I would also change an antecedent by going to the bank right when I get off work (waitressing) because it is easier for me to want to get delivery when I have cash and don't have to use my debit card.

Please continue reinforcing yourself if you achieve your target behavior during your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

6) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
punished, manipulate, target behavior, consequence, differential reinforcement of other behavior, emitted, reinforced, antecedent, behavior

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
The most interesting part of this section was the information on parenting. The sections gave so many different examples on how to modify a child's behavior. One of my favorite examples from the section is toy time outs. the section mentioned that instead of punishing the child for arguing over a toy with its sibling, that you punish the toy. The section says that the toy needs to be punished by getting a time out. The next example I thought was interesting was the part about the "terrible twos" In the terrible twos the child's begins to say no to their parents. They start to say no their parents because they learned it from them saying it to them with observational learning.
2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
I found everything in this section to be very interesting. I can use all of the information later on in life when I have children of my own. I could also use some of the information from this section in my behavioral change project that I am in right now.
3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
This section relates to me and what I already knew in the way that when my younger sister was little she went through the terrible twos and I was there to witness it. She went through pretty much what the section said. She started to say no my parents a lot more often then ever. My parents even mentioned she was going through the terrible twos and it was only a phase. They also mentioned that I went through them as well, but I was worse.
4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
From reading this section I found that there are two things that relate to my life from this section.
Like I mentioned before my parent went through the terrible twos with my little sister. She always said no to my parents. I now know from this section why she did that. She went through observational learning, and learned no from my parents. The second thing that relates to my life from this section is with Differential Reinforcement of other Behavior. This relates to my life because I might have my brother hide my headphones on a daily basis so that I cant find them and put them on. This is will help me not wear them.
5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1= 2 hours
Day 2= 1 hour 30 minutes
Day 3= 2 hours
Day 4= 2 hours
Day 5= 1 hour
average= 102 minutes
5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress? Please continue reinforcing yourself if you achieve your target behavior during your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
My behavior change project right now is so far so good. I am actually using my headphones a lot less while I am in public and also while I am in the library. I noticed that I am more distracted by outside sources though which isn't so good, so that may be why I wear my headphones a lot. So I can stay focused and get my work done. I wouldn't change anything if I had to do it again. I am doing every step right and I am documenting all things correctly as well. I have been reinforcing myself very well, and that is what I driving me to stay focused on my behavior change.
6) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post
terrible twos, observational learning, behavior,

After reading the first section, please respond to the following questions.
1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
I found it interesting to realize that most people don’t meet their New Year’s Resolutions because they don’t realize how much work and planning it takes. They can’t just set a goal they need to be aware of their behaviors and antecedents in order to be successful.
2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
I found it all pretty interesting, I think it gave me new ways to look at my behavior and what causes it.
3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
This section went back over things we have previously read and discussed in class. Especially about the project and planning out our behaviors.
4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
In this section I can relate observational learning to my job at the daycare easily. Children learn by watching the adults in their lives and mimicking them. How else would a two year old know how to act out going grocery shopping and washing dishes when they’re playing with friends?
I can also relate this section to my behavioral change project, I need to be more aware of the antecedents that cause me to either go to the gym and workout or not.
5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 0
Day 2 = 30
Day 3 = 34
Day 4 = 17
Day 5 = 0
Day 6 = 0
Day 7 = 30
Average = 22.2
5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
I’ve noticed that when I go to the fitness area at my apartment complex my workouts are shorter, I end up having to make myself think of new workouts to do in order to meet my time. I should start going to the WRC more often. Some antecedents I could add to elicit longer workouts would be to plan out a time with a friend to go to the gym, one of my friends is actually a fitness major and I think she would be a good help.
Please continue reinforcing yourself if you achieve your target behavior during your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
6) Terms: behavior, antecedent, observational learning, elicit

Please read sections 5.4 (Changing the Antecedants).
After reading the first section, please respond to the following questions.
1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
a. What I found really interesting is about removing the Nos. This is because you don’t want the child to be able to say no to you in the future, which will develop an attitude problem. This refers to the ‘Terrible twos.” I also loved about learning about observational learning. This is when you learn by example from our parents and adults in our lives. One way how to remove Nos from the environment is creating a safe room for the child to play. Another part I found interesting was Toy Timeouts. This is about how when a child is being bad like fighting over a toy, instead of putting the child on time out, you would put the toy on time out.
2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
a. Everything was interesting in this section. I really liked reading about changing antecedants because I didn’t quite understand ways to change antecedants and how we can change our environment, so I am glad I could read about it more so I could understand it. I really can’t find any sections that I didn’t find interesting because I feel that it was very helpful for all of us that want to be parents one day.
3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
a. I have learned about antecedants in previous chapters of the book and also in Introduction to Psychology. I’ve also heard about terrible twos from my parents when talking about personal experience. Lastly, I have heard about time outs and toy time outs in my parenting class.
4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
a. I can relate to toy time outs, because my parents would punish me when I was fighting with my cousins for toys they would take away the toy and that taught me the lesson because I really wanted the toy after that.
When talking about changing antecedants, I can relate to when I wanted to eat healthier and not eat junk food or drink soda. It was hard to do because I lived in a household that my parents only ate out all the time. I had to buy my own food since they would buy processed food and made sure I drank water.
5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention): watching less netflix
Day 1 = 1 hour
Day 2 =2 hours
Day 3 = .5 hours
Day 4 = 3 hours
Day 5 = 1 hour
Day 6 = 5 hours
Day 7 =2
Average = 2.07
5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
a. My behavior project is really showing me how changing a target behavior can improve your life. I used to watch Netflix around 3-5 hours a day, and I’ve found by not watching it as much, I am using my time more wisely such as going into extra hours of work, organizing, and getting homework and studying done ahead of time. It has definitely made me feel less stressed.
Please continue reinforcing yourself if you achieve your target behavior during your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
6) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms: antecedent, behavior, toy time outs,

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
The most interesting part in this section for me was the section about removing the Nos. I thought this section was the most interesting because I have numerous little cousins and I never really thought about how they learned no. I did not connect the two that they are learning by us always saying no! But, by controlling the antecedent we can lessen the observational learning. I wonder if other people know about this because, if they did, I would think they would use it more often to lessen the terrible twos.
2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
I did not find anything in this section least interesting. This was a pretty short section to read and everything was pretty interesting. Also in this section I felt like we could relate everything to real life situations, so I could see how it could actually work in my life.
3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
This section relates to what I previously have learned in this book, because had talked about changing our environment to change the behaviors. This section also talked about why people do not reach their new year’s resolutions or goals in general which relates to our behavioral project.
4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
I can relate to the terrible twos, because I have babysat and have numerous cousins who all went through that stage. If I would have known now what I did then, it would not have been so frustrating. When talking about eating healthy and having to modify our antecedent, I always had to ask my mom to hid the junk food where I would not find it, this increased my likelihood of choosing healthier food, which then increased my likelihood of reaching my target behavior.
5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =no
Day 2 =no
Day 3 = 60 mins
Day 4 = 60 mins
Day 5 = 75 mins
Day 6 = 45 minutes
Day 7 =60 minutes
Average = 43 minutes
5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
It is going better than I expected. This week I worked out five days and only one of those days did I not get an hour of exercise in. If I were to do it again, I would maybe lessen the goal time of exercise I get in down to thirty minutes instead of an hour. This is my last semester, so I am extremely busy with homework, graduation stuff and attempting to find a job and place to live to get an hour of work out every day in. Some antecedents I could change would be to wear workout clothes only when I am going to work out and not just for lounging clothes, I could set an alarm on my phone to remind me to work out, I could also set my alarm to wake me up earlier in the morning, so I have enough time to walk to class which would give me a little more exercise in the day.
Please continue reinforcing yourself if you achieve your target behavior during your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
6) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Antecedent, observational learning, behaviors, environment, modify, target behavior,

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
In section 5.4 I found the toy time outs and removing the no’s one of the most interesting parts. I thought that the toy time outs were interesting because it is an alternative way for parents to get the desired behavior that they want from their children. The toy time outs are when we punish the toy for emitting the undesired behaviors instead of punishing the child because this could result in more frequent times that the child acts out. We have learned that using negative punishment is not a good alternative for reinforcement but in this case we change the antecedent of the fight and then the environment is different for the child. The next interesting part of this section I found was removing the no’s in the environment. As a child goes through their terrible 2’s we obviously feel the need to punish the child by telling them no so they learn not to do or touch things that they should not but this is aversive. Instead of telling a child no and teaching them in an aversive way they suggested not going through this process at all, instead give them a space without any way that they can injure themselves and they can do whatever they want so there is no need to tell their children no.
2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
One part that I found uninteresting was the DRO or differential reinforcement of other behavior. I feel like we have covered this many times throughout the semester. I do understand the application is has for changing the antecedent because we can change the environment and bring alternative behaviors into the situation. If you had a problem with eating candies at night then you could hide them and instead buy fruits so you would rather snack on those than the candies. Also I found this section really short and I wish that there was a little more content that was involved.
3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
This section relates to what I already know about behavior modification because when we were in class we discussed removing the no’s with Professor Maclin’s child. It is more interesting when you can hear a personalized story and relate it to what you are learning. I think that this would be a really interesting way to raise a child and hopefully change their behaviors so you do not have to go through the stages of the terrible 2’s. The only downfall I could see with this is if you do not have a space for your child to have his or her own area to let them do whatever they want. Also we have previously learned about DRO’s and how they affect behavior change.
4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
The first thing that I can relate to my life is the toy time outs. I do not feel like most parents would think to punish the toy rather than the child, in my case my parents definitely did not know this technic. When my brother and I would fight over a toy that he would inevitably steal from me we would get punished for fighting. I think we could have avoided many unneeded fights and tears if my parents would have used the toy time outs instead of punishing us. The next way that I can relate this section to my life is from the part about not being able to change our environments. I have a good friend that has a really hard time getting along with her roommates but at this point in time she cannot get out of her lease because it is a yearlong and she cannot move away because she is a student here. Instead she puts herself in environments or situations that she can be away from home more often by hanging at her other friend’s houses, working, or studying at the library rather than at home.
5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention)
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =1:15-no
Day 2 =1:00-yes
Day 3 =1:30-no
Day 4 =12:15-yes
Day 5 =12:30-yes
Day 6 =2:00-no
Day 7 =1:30-no
Average = 30%

5b) How is your behavior project going so far. What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
I think that my behavioral change project is going pretty well. Personally I am a lot happier because I am actually getting sleep. I think it is helping because I am actually thinking about going to bed earlier and knowing that I will get reinforced at the end of the week is making me want to achieve my goals. Even though I only went to bed on time less than half of the week I would want to change the time because I feel rested way more than I have in about the past 2 months. Some changes that I would make if I wanted to do it again is that I would have probably extended my time to 1:30 because I am a night person and I still feel very rested if I get to bed by 1:30, and I would have achieved my goals about every night besides one. The antecedents that I could change to help my progress would be that I could change my environment I do seem to get better sleep when I am at home in Des Moines at my parent’s house because it is so much quieter there than it is in my apartment complex.
Terminology: Behavior, punish, emitting, negative punishment, reinforcement, antecedent, environment, aversive, Toy Time Outs, Removing the No’s

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
I thought the examples of the toy time outs and removing the no’s was very interesting to read. I had known about how you can change the environment to change a behavior, but I hadn’t thought about how it relates to the antecedent. Removing the toy from the environment of the fighting children was a whole new way for me to see that situation, instead of punishing the children, the toy was the thing removed. Not punishing the children can be better for them as well. That’s a principle that can be applied to a lot of things, considering punishment doesn’t always work the best to change a behavior. It seems as if changing the antecedent/environment can be a better way to change a behavior because then the thing that’s causing the behavior isn’t even there in the first place.
I also thought reading about the differential reinforcement of other behavior was interesting. I couldn’t quite remember how it worked, but I was glad to have the refresher. I think it’s an interesting concept to try and counter the behavior you’re trying to change. In theory it seems like it would work pretty well, although I haven’t actually tried it.

2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
I really like everything in this section. I liked reading the different suggestions for changing an environment to help elicit the behavior you are trying to change.

3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
I had already known that you could change the environment or antecedent to change a behavior, like I mentioned above, but I didn’t know how it related to behavior modification until now. Changing the environment can have a big impact on which behavior you want to emit, and when you shape the environment, it can help elicit your target behavior. I have also learned in previous sections how powerful antecedents can be when it comes to predicting behavior, which is reemphasized in this section.
I had also known that sometimes you just have little to no control over the environment and aren’t able to change it to help elicit certain behaviors. Even when you don’t have control over the whole environment though, there are still parts of it you do have control over, such as suggested in the parole example. Even being able to change just a little bit can still be helpful.

4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
One thing I can relate to my life is differential reinforcement of other behavior. From experience, it does not benefit me to try and punish myself for a behavior I’m trying to change. So instead, I think I should try using DRO in the future to see how it works. From reading about it I already think it will work better than trying to punish myself. As behaviorists suggest, some sort of reinforcement seems to work better than using punishment.
Another thing I can relate to my life is having little control over my environment. Sometimes, especially as a college student, I don’t have a lot of control over what is going on around me. However, despite that, there are still many other things I can control. I could find other things within that environment that I could change to make sure I can engage in my target behavior.

5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =0
Day 2 =3
Day 3 =2
Day 4 =2
Day 5 =1
Day 6 =0
Day 7 =1
Average =1.2 times per day where I emotionally/binge ate

5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
My behavior project is going much better than I thought it would. I’m beginning to learn more about the antecedents and what is causing the emotional/binge eating behaviors I was engaging in. My target behavior is to decrease that type of eating, but including more details. Anyway, the recording is helping me discover the antecedent to the behavior I’m trying to decrease, and now that I’m starting to see the pattern I am able to try and change my environment/antecedents to change the outcome. I think the only changes I would make would be in how I define my target behavior, but I think it is still specific enough for my goals. Some antecedents I could change include eating enough at meals to feel fully satisfied and not like I need to binge eat on something after. I could also change the antecedent by setting gum out on my desk to be readily available to chew instead of going to food.
Please continue reinforcing yourself if you achieve your target behavior during your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

6) Terms: antecedent, target behavior, decrease, differential reinforcement of other behaviors, reinforcement, punish, punishment, elicit

1. During this section I thought reading about differential reinforcement of other behaviors was interesting. I like how it uses the environment to get the desired target behavior. Instead of just suffering with temptation of the sweets in the example, they did something to the sweets so it would deter the individual from being able to have it. It is cool to think that all of the behaviors are antecedents to other behaviors.

2. I really did not find anything to be uninteresting in this section. I feel like during the whole section there was meaningful information about changing antecedents and the environment. I could not even think of something I disliked if I tried because I feel like they all go hand in hand with each other.

3. This relates to what I have already learned about antecedents because it just added onto my understanding of antecedents coming first. I just learned more about how changing the environmental antecedent can change the behavior and ultimately the consequence.

4. Two things from the section I can relate to life are the terrible two’s and saying “No”. I am the oldest in my immediate family with seven siblings. I have gone through many times where my siblings have been in the “terrible two’s” and some are worse than others. As long as you disrupt the operant behavior like fighting right away it is not so bad. However, along with the “terrible two’s” comes the word “No”. I’ve realized from this chapter that it is not just because all kids say no during that period of time, but because that is a lot of what the parents are saying to them. They are just taking part in observational learning. Saying “No” by children happens a lot in my family.

5a. Week 2 (drinking one pop a week)
Day 1: 2
Day 2: 3
Day 3: 0
Day 4: 3
Day 5: 0
Day 6: 0
Day 7: 1
Average: 1.28 glasses a day
5b. The project is going well because my average since last week has gone down! However it is very difficult for me because I work around a pop machine all day with free drinks and water is not a fast option unless I want to walk down the hallway. It is difficult for me to drink water there when I need to have a quick break. I think I am going to bring the water bottle to work like I do but instead of leaving it in the back room I am going to put it under the counter where I am working so I can take a quick drink when I need to. It would help me progress because it would eliminate the temptation of emitting the wrong behavior of drinking pop.

Terms: differential reinforcement of other behaviors, target behavior, behavior, antecedent, consequence, disrupt the operant behavior, observational learning, emit

1) What did you FIND interesting in the section? Why?
I found the treat part to be interesting, yet useful. This is due to the fact that I sometimes have problems with eating too many sweets when they're put right in front of me. In this case, I will make sure that someone else hides them, or I will only buy enough for the time being so I will have to go to the store to get more.
2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
I wouldn't say there was anything in this section that I could find uninteresting. Most of it explained helpful scenarios in which you could help change the environment/antecedent in order to benefit your behaviors.
3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
This section relates to what we have been talking about all semester, which is antecedents. This section just helped to explain how you can set an antecedent in a given situation in order to help your behavior in the long run.
4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
I can relate to observational learning, because I am a person that has to learn things hands-on instead of following by how I am told. This occurred a lot at a young age, whether it was climbing on the counters, hopping fences, etc. I can also relate to the eating sweets portion of the section, because I tend to eat a lot of sweets when they are around. For this reason, I will either have someone hide the treats, or I will have to go to the store to get more.
5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to CONTINUE collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Attend Class for the rest of the semester
Day 1 = n/a
Day 2 = n/a
Day 3 = n/a
Day 4 = Yes
Day 5 = n/a
Day 6 = n/a
Day 7 = n/a
Average = Attended the one class available

5b) How is your behavior project GOING so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to HELP your progress?
I would say that my behavior project is coming together very well. So far I have attended every class since setting this goal. If I were to do this again, I would set this goal earlier on in the semester in order to get more attendance points. I could help my antecedent of going to class by eating lunch in Cedar Falls, which sets me up for attending the class since I would be in town.

6) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Terms: Antecedents, environment, observational learning

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?

-Removing the antecedent. Removing an antecedent can stop the behavior and consequence and is way where you are punishing the person but the object or situation.

2) What did you find least interesting? Why?

-DRO, other material was more interesting and I think it is actually hard to coordinate the example in a real situation unless your roommates personalities were suited for it.

3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?

Antecedents is a previous concept from prior chapters.
“Terrible twos” was talked about in developmental psychology.
Observational Learning talked about in other classes

4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?

- Removing something from the environment and changing the antecedent can be used when I have kids.
- The example with the roommates and sweets I could try to use since I am trying to eat better and have three roommates.

5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:

Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 0 miles
Day 2 = 2 miles
Day 3 = 0 miles
Day 4 = 2 miles
Day 5 = 0 miles
Day 6 = 0 miles
Day 7 = 2 miles
Average = .86

5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?

-Not as good as I hoped, homework, my job, and plain lack of commitment has made my results not work as well as I like. Hard to use leisure time as a reinforcer when you don’t have time for leisure time anyway. Would use a different reinforcer of goal that can be used with any type of schedule.
Please continue reinforcing yourself if you achieve your target behavior during your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

6) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
reinforcer, antecedent, observational learning, goal, punishment, behavior, consequence, DRO

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
The thing I found most interesting was the idea of toy time outs. I found this interesting because it punishes the toy, an inanimate object, instead of the children. It also changes the environment that removes an antecedent of fighting, and instead elicits wanted behaviors from the children. Perhaps if this technique is used moving forward it would allow a particular behavior to become extinct, as the kids may go through the extinction burst of trying to get the toy back and stop fighting and make everything great, and once this has been conditioned, the kids will no longer fight over toys because they lose them.

2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
I found the part on differential reinforcement of other behavior to be the least interesting. The way I understood this section was that instead of emitting an undesired behavior, a person would be reinforced by doing something else. So instead of eating Kwik Star food five days in a row, the person would instead by easy inexpensive microwavable meals that they are being reinforced to eat those by time and cost instead of visiting the gas station for supper.

3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
This section builds on how to reinforce desired behaviors instead of punishing, and even gives a few new outs on how to reinforce a person even if it is indirectly. It also builds on the ideas of behaviorists in that punishment is not the proper method to changing behaviors, but instead it is reinforcement that is crucial to changing behaviors.

4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
One thing that relates to my life are toy time outs. This is something that didn’t happen with my younger siblings, and when my sister would fight with any of my older brothers my stepmom would always take her side and punish my brother. Instead of ridding the house of the fighting, she taught my sister to scream and get her way. This was another reason why I found this interesting.
Another thing that I found relevant to my life is me changing my swearing habits. This section brings about thoughts on how to reinforce different behaviors or to change the antecedent to bring about the best possible results.

5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 0
Day 2** = 0
Day 3 = 0
Day 4** = 2
Day 5 = 0
Day 6 = 0
Day 7** = 15
Average = **(17/3)** = 5.67

5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
I would say my behavior project has been going well minus the one hiccup of this past Sunday. This passed meeting was not a normal one, it was elections and I was frustrated with some of the outcomes, hence the high number. But the other meetings have been going well and I have maintained a consistently low number of swear words.

6) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Punishes, environment, elicits, antecedent, behavior, extinction, extinction burst, conditioned, differential reinforcement of other behavior, reinforced, emitted, behaviorists,

What did you find most interesting about this section?
Well first off I have to say I really enjoyed the portion of the reading regarding toy time outs. Never before had I heard of such a concept but I thought it was a very effective way of handling such a difficult situation. As a teacher, when you see two students fighting over a toy, who is at fault? Who can you condemn for the fight? Instead of punishing one student or the other, by removing the toy and placing it in time out, you are removing the antecedent. I had not thought of the the idea that a toy could be used as the antecedent for a situation but it makes perfect sense! As a future parent and educator I think that this is an effective method of teaching the child the concept of sharing, and if a toy or object cannot be shared, then it will be removed, thus punishing both students. By removing the desired object, both students are indirectly punished, therefore removing the feelings of resentment and anger directed at fellow peers and/or the teacher. I feel that this is a concept I could apply to my future teaching, seeing as how I will have to be able to monitor behaviors of my students. Through this reading I see that one direct way I can affect the behavior of my students is by providing a positive atmosphere and a safe environment. Eliminating any possible “no” situations will assist in the behavioral development of my students and it will be more effective than merely punishing the students.

What did you find least interesting?
Reflecting upon this reading, I have to say that I don’t really have anything negative to say. Again, another lovely short reading that enabled me to digest the concepts being discussed. The concepts in this reading were very interesting and gave me a new perspective on dealing with potential “no” situations and how to eliminate teaching my students some of these undesirable behaviors.

How does this section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
Well, in previous chapters we learned about ways you could change the antecedent (environment) to alter an individual’s behavior. However, this reading really cleared up what the concept of the antecedent all entails. I was unaware that something such as a toy could set the stage as the antecedent, but it made sense after I reflected upon the reading. This reading really stressed the importance of the environment and how it directly affects the behavior, and how if you alter the environment in any way it can have an affect on the behavior being omitted.
Also, the second half of the reading discussing how you can feel powerless in certain environments appeared to be quite common knowledge. I know that there are some environments that I am unable to control, such as my parents house. I know that when I am in their home I must abide by their rules. However, I also know that there are ways I can slightly alter by environment based on elements that I myself can control, as referenced in the parole example. In one of my other psychology classes it talks about how individuals who feel less in control of their lives or environment can cause unnecessary stress which can lead to chronic diseases later in life. Individuals who are of lower socioeconomic status often feel this way which is why it is important that they (as well as everyone else) feel that they can alter at least some aspects of their environment, being them small such as keeping a clean/nice apartment or large such as moving to a new/safer neighborhood.
Based on what you read in this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
Look at the reading, I have to say that the first thing that comes to mind is that it is important for me to feel that I have some control over my environment. This semester I am living with my boyfriend and his three roommates and sometimes I feel as though I have very little control of my surroundings. I don’t feel like I can really ask the guys to pick up their stuff since I don’t really live with them, since my boyfriend covers my portion of the rent. However, although I may not be able to control the behavior of the other roommates or control the cleanliness of their personal spaces, I am able to control my own behavior and make sure that the space I occupy as well as the common space is at least kept clean/functional. This way my target behavior of doing my homework for school is not affected by a smelly/disgusting apartment.

Another way I could relate this reading to my life is to apply differential reinforcement behavior. Whenever I try to alter a behavior say for example exercising more frequently, using punishment whenever I fail to maintain the workout routine I have is not at all effective. Personally, a way I could apply this reading to my life is by utilizing DRO instead to see how this option would work for me and my situation. After all, the punishment has been proven to be least effective at enforcing change and most effective at developing forms of resentment towards authority or the target behavior in general.

a: Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week’s worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 ( Behavioral Intervention)
Day1: 1
Day 2: 0
Day 3: 2
Day 4: 3
Day 5: 2
Day 6: 2
Day 7: 0
Average: 1.43 times per day that I end up “grazing”

5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (Note: Don’t just say “good”. We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
I gotta say that my behavior project has been difficult but well worth it. The other day I went to the grocery store in order to have more fruit on hand for my smoothies. My mom would be happy to see that this class enables me to get good use out of the blender she gave me last year for Christmas. By having the resources accessible I can’t use the excuse of “not having anything to make the smoothies with”. Plus, I have asked my roommates to kindly hide their munchy food “out of sight, out of mind”. As I am typing this, sitting at the kitchen table I can’t see any junk food which is a huge improvement. However, walking past biscotti’s has proven to be difficult. I had to change my route to class so I wouldn’t buy any food to snack on. Another way of controlling my environment is that I went and bought gum so now I have that to chew on when I get an urge to graze. After this reading for the week, it made a lot of sense about how antecedents/ environmental factors really affect my behavior. I see already how altering my environment has affected my behaviors and how I have altered my behavior to fit this assignment.

Please continue reinforcing yourself if you achieve your target behavior during your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

6) Terms: Target behavior, differential reinforcement, reinforce, antecedent, punishment, baseline,

1. I found interesting this whole section because I see the importance of the antecedents in behavior modification and how changing them can make an impact in the environment and therefore in the behavior as well. I liked the idea of removing the No’s because I have also been trying to work on that so I live in a more positively way.
2. I found the whole section very interesting because it was short and concise so there is no time to get bored reading it.
3. In my opinion this section was relate to the previous ones in which we talked about DRO (differential reinforcement of other behaviors). This is similar to changing the antecedents because what it does is reinforce others behaviors, so in some way you are still changing the environment and modifying the behavior. I also had previously heard about the observational learning and how little kids learn what they see.
4. Since there were a lot of examples in the section I can relate to some of them. I have used the toy time outs before when I have babysat my little cousin and my little neighbors because they use to fight all the time to see who gets the bigger car. And I would relate myself to the removing-candy behavior because I wanted to less candy, so I used to buy smaller portions of candy.
5a. Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 2 times
Day 2 = 2 times
Day 3 = 1 time
Day 4 = 0 times
Day 5 = 1 time
Day 6 = 1 time
Day 7= 1 time
Average= 1.14
5b. This behavior project is going well so far. It is something that I have always wanted to do and now I think I am closer to my goal. I still haven’t reached my goal yet of eating healthy food every day of the week but I won’t give up this time because I am really looking forward to that manicure. I have been writing down what time in the day it is more likely for me to eat healthy and I realized it is in lunch time because at the end of the day I rather have something I like better. Therefore I am going to change it this next week so I will try to have my healthy meal of the day at lunch, or at least have some fruit as a dessert so I can reach my goal. I have noticed that it is more likely for me to have fast food during the weekend so I will change the antecedent by trying to maintain occupied during the weekend with different activities.

Antecedents, behavior modification, environment, removing no’s, DRO (differential reinforcement of other behaviors), observational learning, goal.

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
I really liked reading about how it is better to change the environment to modify behavior, because it changes the antecedent. In a way, this almost makes behavior modification seem simpler to accomplish.
2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
The little activity boxes are boring to me because they don’t really help me retain the information anymore than if I didn’t do them.
3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously? 
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
This section brought back up that behaviorists prefer to use reinforcement instead of punishment. We have talked about this in class too. From what I can gather, it is much easier and more motivating to look at modifying behavior as a good thing rather than as a penalty.
4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
This section talks about how children learn from observational learning. I have nephews and a niece all around the age that is talked about in this section, and one day hope to have children of my own. So this will help me in understanding that it is better to remove the No’s from the environment, because otherwise that is what will increase the stage of the “terrible two’s” where children essentially just scream no at you.
This section also talks about disrupting the operant behavior, which means that it is better to change the environment to stop the behavior, which also applies to raising children.
5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =
3
Day 2 =
3
Day 3 =
4
Day 4 =
2
Day 5 =
2
Day 6 =
1
Day 7 =
1
Average = 2.3
5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
I have had a little trouble at first, because I used being able to have time designated to play a video game as my reinforcer, however, this doesn’t work well when I don’t have that time to designate because of work and school. When I know I won’t be able to engage in my reinforcer, I just drink the Pepsi anyways. However, later in the week when I have less homework due is when I do better at reaching my goal. So maybe I should see if there is a way to space my homework out differently, that way I have a little amount throughout the whole week, instead of a lot at the beginning and almost none at the end.
Please continue reinforcing yourself if you achieve your target behavior during your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.
6) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Reinforcement, punishment, modifying, behavior, observational learning, environment, disrupting the operant behavior, antecedent

Section 5.4
1.) What did you find interesting in this section? Why?
I found it interesting to think about ways in which we can change our environment to elicit certain behaviors, and inhibit other behaviors. I found this interesting because I think it's common sometimes to feel that they have no control over certain aspects of their lives. This section really put it into perspective that certain aspects of our environments can be altered so that differences in behaviors can happen.

2.) What did you find least interesting in this section? Why?
I didn't find anything uninteresting in this section. I felt it to be an easy, good read. I thought it made some really good points.

3.) How did this section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
This section was the same as what I've learned previously since I have taken this class before. Nothing in this section was new to me, but I was able to think of new ways I've seen these things happen in my life or in the lives around me.

4.) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
One thing I thought about when I read this section was my old job. I used to work with recovering addicts and alcoholics. It's interesting because the relapse rate is very high. One thing that was very common for the clients to say was that it's hard for them to leave treatment and go back to the same streets they came from. So many of them go right back to the same neighborhoods they came from, so they know exactly where to go to get drugs and the majority of their "friends" are other users. The clients really felt powerless. We tried to work with them on changing things in their environments to help elicit healthier behaviors and to help facilitate them spending time with healthier individuals. However, it's usually just easier for them to go back to what they know and what they're familiar with, so unfortunately, many of them relapsed.

Another way this relates to my life is with my current living situation. I have an awesome roommate, but we both hate to cook. We've lived together now for almost two years. I've tried dieting several times while living with her because I know my eating habits have gotten bad since living with her, but it's so hard because she usually gets fast food almost every single day. And then at the times I'm feeling weak, she uses that as an opportunity to convince me to go get food with her and then I end up ruining my whole attempt to change my eating habits. It's hard because we've both at times reinforced each others' bad habits. So, I've struggled to make those changes in my environment so that I can implement a diet plan and actually stick to it.

5a.) Week 2
Day 1 = 30 minutes.
Day 2 = 0 minutes.
Day 3 = 0 minutes.
Day 4 = 1 hour.
Day 5 = 35 minutes.
Day 6 = 45 minutes.
Day 7 = 1 and a half hours.
Average = 37.14 minutes.

5b.) My behavior project didn't do well this week and I can actually tell. I haven't been feeling very well and I've been having really bad anxiety. I've noticed a change in my attitude which is a result of me just not taking care of myself. This is why I chose this to be my behavior project because I know it's hard on me when I don't take time to myself often enough because of my issues with anxiety, etc.

TERMS: Reinforce, elicit, behavior, environment,

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
I found the section about changing the antecedent to be interesting. I suppose I had not thought that the environment could play such a large role in certain behaviors. I did not know that the environment could trigger a maladaptive behavior due to past experience.

2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
At the very end, in the summary section, it states that the environment should always be considered when manipulating behaviors. I feel that this is useful information but that it is not always practical. Yes, it is possible to change the antecedent in certain situations but it can be seriously limited. For example, in the reading there was mention of a parolee living in a section of town filled with multiple parolees. The parolee has limited ways to change the environment. Yes, the individual can move out of the environment as much as possible but where are the funds for transportation coming from if they cannot find employment due to his or her status as a ‘parolee’? I feel that in certain situations outside agencies need to be called in to assist individuals with either changing their environment completely or working to limit an individual’s exposure to his or her maladaptive neighborhood.

3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
In previous sections I learned about differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). I vaguely remember learning about this term at the beginning of the semester. Working with a compatible or incompatible environment is an interesting concept. If you pair the environment with a specific behavior it is amazing how much it can increase or decrease the desirable versus undesirable behavior patterns of an individual.

4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
I found it hilarious when I read the example of Calhoun and junk food. This must be a common issue because I definitely have this same issue. I wonder if my horrid eating habits are affecting my roommates in any way. I can specifically remember, one moment at least, where I was eating popcorn and my roommate told me that she was hungry too and then grabbed a snack. I truly hope I am not encouraging snacking with my stress eating behaviors.
Another way I found this material similar to my life was when I read the part about saying “no.” Rather than explicitly stating that my clients, who consist of mentally and physically disabled individuals, cannot do something I must strongly suggest (i.e. prompt) them to try another route. For example, one of my clients likes to spend money that she does not have. She does not like the concept of saving her money but her guardian would like us, as Direct Support Professionals, to have her save the money she receives and/or earns. I am not allowed to tell her “no, you cannot spend money on this item,” because of she has the fund she can spend them on the items she wants. The issue is that she likes purchasing yarn rather than saving up for something nicer. I have to indirectly prompt her to save her money and oftentimes she refuses to listen to my suggestions. Maybe applying behavior modification strategies will help with changing her maladaptive behavior style.

5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 2 hrs.
Day 2 = 0 hrs.
Day 3 = 0 hrs.
Day 4 = 2 hrs.
Day 5 = 1 hr.
Day 6 = 1.5 hrs.
Day 7 = 0 hrs.
Average = .92 hrs. (55.2 min.)
5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
My behavior project is going poorly. The past month has been stressful and I have not coped well with the strain on my school life, work life, and social life. I tried to recall the exercise that I accomplished, but work and class, as well as weather, got in the way of my usual exercise routine. I have also recently developed a cough which makes it difficult to exercise without having to take a break every five minutes or so to have a coughing fit.

Terms: antecedent, environment, influence, maladaptive behaviors, experience, limitations, DRO, exposure

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why? I found the section about removing the “No’s” from a child’s environment to decrease the behavior of the the child having a “No” phase interesting. I found this interesting because it could also be possible to raise a child to not have other certain problematic phases (the “mine” phase, the rebellious teenager phase)
2) What did you find least interesting? Why? I didn’t find anything uninteresting, but something that did confuse me is the section about toy time outs. The section says that this is done in opposed to punishing the child, but wouldn’t this be punishing the child?
3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously? The importance of antecedents while modifying behavior has been discussed in previous chapters. Also, using DRO to reinforce a behavior that conflicts with an undesired behavior that would have been modified with punishment has been talked about in previous chapters
4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
From being around children, I have witnessed the “No” phase and also the “Mine” phase. I also realized that these phases were brought on from observable learning where the child learned these behaviors from the adults. Also, changing the environment to change what you are eating relates to my life. When my whole family was trying to eat healthier, we went through our cabinets and gave away all of the foods that we would rather not eat, and bought healthier food to change our diets.
5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of baseline data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 1.25 mi
Day 2 = 1.5 mi
Day 3 = 1.5 mi
Day 4 = 2 mi
Day 5 = 0 mi
Day 6 =0 mi
Day 7 = 1.25 mi
Average= 1.07 mi
5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
I’m not running as much as I would like to be, but how much I am running is better than not running at all. Something that I can’t change and that I will have to deal with is the weather because it’s been rainy and a cold in the morning (though I could run on a treadmill inside). Over all, I have improved since the beginning.
6) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Environment, Behavior, Antecedents, DRO, Punishment, Reinforcement, Toy Time Out

Section 5.4
1.) The most interesting in this was the references to parenting. I liked the way the toy had the time out instead of the child as this makes it more positive instead of negative. I feel that this would work exceptionally for my child, as she does not like being told she can’t do anything. She is more acceptable of one thing being taken from her.
2.) I was very interested in everything that this section said. It was not long enough to become disinterested, and there was only one section to read. This made it much easier.
3.) This section revolves around antecedents and how one can change their environment to have a better outcome with their behavior. It also touches on operant conditioning and dabbles in target behaviors and certain reinforcements.
4.) I can relate to the parenting techniques that were used, as I am a parent myself. In fact, I plan to use the time out toy on my child in the future. I also plan on using the removal of no’s on my next child, should that EVER happen.
5.) A. Day 1 and Day 7 I went to Yoga
Day 2-6, I was sick and unable to attend.
B. This led me to change my target behavior and say that I will attend Yoga 2 days a week (Saturday and Sunday) for 1 hour. I plan on having my child picked up before I go, so that I am not late as they will lock the door and not allow you to participate. All in all, my project is going okay. I am making strides and a conscious effort to attend. As long as I am not late, and am healthy I should not have a problem keeping up.
6.) Target Behavior, Antecedents, Operant Conditioning, Consequences, Reinforcement

1)I liked the whole section because I think it was full of useful information and some tips for my life such as the toys time out and removing the “NOs”. I especially liked those two because I found them really useful to avoid some uncomfortable situations with kids and to be more confident about your parenting and teaching skills when handling situations.

2)There was nothing that I did not like and that I did not find interesting, I felt engaged with the whole section.

3)It talked about how changing the antecedent, the environment we can change behaviors and that was something we have already covered in past sections of this course.

4)The two things from the section that relate to my life are observational learning and environment. Observational learning is what we all have been exposed while we were growing up and depending on the relationship that we had with the person that performed those examples we have acquired them as rules that we follow because we thing those rules are the right thing probably just because we know that the person who performed them would have not done it if they were not the right thing to do. The second thing that relates to my life is environment. Depending on whether the reactions and the behaviors we emit are pleasurable or aversive we are going to shape our behavior modifying it to make it acceptable for us and others and this all depends on the environment the behavior is taking place and the answer that are being emitted.

5a) Day 1= No junk food
Day 2= No junk food
Day 3= No junk food
Day 4= Junk food (cinnamon roll and chips)
Day 5= No junk food
Day 6= No junk food
Day 7= Junk food (Pizza and burger)
Average= 1 day junk food

5b) Even though sometimes I am being tempted to eat junk food I think about my goal which I have on a piece of paper on my wallet so every time I open it to get money I see the paper and I stop myself if I was going to buy junk food. I think that the strategy of the paper on the wallet is working perfectly and I do not need to do anything else as long as it works this way almost always. Something I could change and do more often is to have fruits on my bag or any healthy snack so when I am hungry I can eat the fruit or the healthy snack so I do not need to go to the store where all the temptations are emitting the desired behavior.

6)Terms and terminology used: Antecedent, environment, behaviors, observational learning, toys time out, removing the “NOs”, pleasurable, aversive, emitted, reactions examples.

1) The thing that I found most interesting in this section was the discussion on the topic of differential reinforcement of other behavior. You can make sure to control the environment so that it contains the proper antecedents to elicit the appropriate behaviors. I didn’t realize that changing the environment can also be thought of as just another behavior. I liked the idea that these behaviors are just antecedents to other behaviors.

2) Something I found least interesting in this section was the the discussion about changing the environment while an undesirable behavior is occurring. It was just a little confusing and I didn’t quite understand how the change of the environment can function to disrupt the operant behavior. I mean I think I get it somewhat, but I’m not completely sure. That’s why it was least interesting to me.

3) This section relates to what we already learned in previous classes because this chapter adds onto ways that you can help make your behavior modification stick and actually happen. By changing the antecedent and the environment, you can help keep away the desires to do the old behaviors so it’s easier to change.

4) The first thing that relates to my life is changing the antecedent to help making the behavior change easier. There were many times when I have to think and change what’s happening around me so that I am not tempted to go back to my undesired behaviors. So this week, I tried to stay off of my bed so the temptation to nap wasn’t there. The second thing that relates to my life is including others so that they help you keep to your schedule. If I know that my roommates will rat me out if I emit the behavior of napping.

5a)
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 = 0 hours
Day 2 = 1hr 30min
Day 3 = 0 hours
Day 4 = 0 hours
Day 5 = 0 hours
Day 6 = 0 hours
Day 7 = 2 hours
Average = 30min
5b) My behavior project isn’t going as well as I would hope that it would be. I’m just so busy and preoccupied with other things that they get in the way of keeping my good sleep schedule. I’m stressed about other classes and all these projects that I have to get done that I stay up super late getting everything done because I work during the day. But then the next day I’m so tired that I just can’t concentrate so I feel the need to nap. Even though I was proud of myself for cutting out a lot of naps, I wasn’t able to cut them out completely. But I know that the rest of the semester will still be really stressful and busy so I’m nervous for what will happen with my sleep schedule.

6) Terms: differential reinforcement of other behavior, environment, antecedent, elicit, behavior, modification, undesired, emit, schedule

1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
I really found quite a few things in this section interesting. The first thing I’d like to mention is the toy time out. It’s sort of intriguing that we could make the child feel bad about the toy being in time out instead of them feel bad about themselves directly. I also liked the part about “removing the NOs.” I used to nanny for a 1.5 year old little girl, and felt like I was saying no constantly—mostly for her safety. I would have rather not have said no all the time, and it would have been nice to have known of some of these ideas during that time. Such as making the area safer (which can be difficult, especially when not your home or limited money to make the area safer). I really did feel bad about it, and wished there were an alternative action to help her learn. It will be interesting to share these tips with moms I know.

2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
I feel like this section was just a reiteration of the last couple about antecedents. The only thing I found uninteresting was the example about hiding the sweets, because I don’t eat many sweets.

3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
We have already learned about antecedents, and somewhat about changing them. We know that in order to change a behavior, sometimes we need to change the environment—or remove or add things to the environment to help change the behavior. Changing the antecedent may be the most powerful part of my own behavior modification—since the presence of cigarettes or the smell of smoke helps reinforce the behavior.

4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
Well, I can relate the toys and removing the NOs to my nanny experiences as well as experiences with my little brothers. I also have several mommy friends who like to take my tips and advice that I pick up from my psych classes! I also could relate the one example I didn’t have an interest in to my friends with “sweet teeth.” I could help them by sharing these tips. My old roommate always has issues with the “sweet tooth,” and I bet she’ll be happy to accept some advice!

5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Day 1 =1
Day 2 =3
Day 3 =2
Day 4 =1
Day 5 =2
Day 6 =1
Day 7 =0
Average=3.3, or about 3 cigarettes per day

5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
It is going well, especially with not keeping cigarettes in the car now. This would count as changing the antecedent. Today I ran out, and am going to try and not buy any tomorrow—or see how long I can go without buying them. When I have tried to quit in the past I usually end up bumming one or two from a friend, which I will try and refrain from doing to help with my behavior modification project.

Terms: behavior modification, antecedent, environment, reinforce

1. The part of this reading I liked the most was the discussion about removing the no’s when attempting to modify a child’s behavior. I never really understood what could be done to manipulate a child’s behavior especially when they are in their terrible twos stage. It made complete sense to stop with the usage of saying no to the child because they do learn by example and pick up on us constantly telling them no which they return to us. To do that all a parent has to do is create a safe play environment where nothing dangerous can be accessible and everything that shouldn’t be played with up high and out of sight, which will in turn reduce the number of times a parent says no.

2. I liked everything about this section. I did like the fact that it was a shorter read and that the information was quite relevant and easy to understand, I felt that more material could have been added to this section.

3. I will remember that modifying or changing the antecedent can be helpful to change a behavior. It is important to analyze the antecedents and how they interact and effect the target behavior. Figuring out if the antecedent can be changed to help foster the desired changes with the target behavior. Another thing that I will remember is the part about toy timeouts. It is better to put the toy in time out rather than the child so that the toy is the one being punished but also the child understands that the behavior that they emitted was not a desirable one. Putting a child in timeout is a negative punishment by removing their freedom to move about, so instead removing the toy changes the environment and alters the antecedent so that it decrease the likelihood of the undesirable behavior occurring in the future. The last thing I will remember is differential reinforcement of other and how it is used to reduce a behavior by reinforcing another behavior that is incompatible with the undesired behavior. A great example is trying to eat less junk food so placing more fresh fruit that is easily accessible especially when hungry will increase the likelihood of eating fruit which in turn decrease the likelihood of eating junk food.

4. Day 1= 3 cups of vegetables
Day 2= 4 cups of vegetables
Day 3= 2.5 cups of vegetables
Day 4= 3.5 cups of vegetables
Day 5= 1.5 cups of vegetables
Day 6= 2 cups of vegetables
Day 7= 2.5 cups of vegetables
Average= 2.7 cups of vegetables

My behavioral change project is going very well considering it has only been the first week of the behavioral intervention with reinforcement. By recording every time I eat vegetables as well as the antecedents that proceed it I found it very helpful to find I tend to eat more vegetables while at school for lunch and at home for dinner because they are readily accessible. By making vegetables more accessible throughout the day I increase my changes of eating vegetables and eating the desired number of 3 cups per day in order to get my reinforcement of Coca Cola. If I continue to write down the antecedents that help my vegetable eating behavior then I can continue to eat less junk food which is the ultimate function of the target behavior.

5. Terms: Target Behavior, Behavioral Intervention, Reinforcement, Antecedent, Emit, Behavior, Negative Punishment, Punishment, Differential Reinforcement of Other

1) The topic I found the most interesting from this section was differential reinforcement of other behavior. Even though we had learned about this previously in the text book, I understood the material much better reading it this time. Adjusting the environment to better facilitate behavioral change seems like a logical and natural step in behavior modification, but I feel that it is overlooked as people mainly focus on just their behavior. Emphasizing the importance of the environment is something I feel needs to happen more often in main-stream behavior modification.
2) There wasn’t really one specific topic that I found least interesting in this chapter. I thought that the material was applicable to what we are doing currently in the behavioral change project and that it was presented with relevant examples. If there was one thing I would pick out it might be that this was an entire section devoted to antecedents…which we’ve been studying since pretty much the first week. Like I said previously though; I think it was relevant to what we are learning and presented the material from a fresh perspective.
3) This chapter was sort of a final culmination of our understanding of the relationship between behavior and environment. It took what we learned throughout the textbook on antecedents and how they influence behavior and added the depth of concepts like DRO and how to elicit changes in operant behavior via the environment.
4) One thing I enjoyed about this section was the fact that all of it was almost directly applicable to my situation. My environment right now is less than ideal, and I feel that this is contributing to my stress levels which are not helping my behavioral change project at all. After this chapter I understand also that I need to reinforce behaviors that take the place of my hair-pulling behavior. Some of these might be using a stress ball or rubix cube while I’m at work, or wearing a hat to try and avoid pulling. These examples of DRO will hopefully be able to help me turn my luck around in my behavioral change project.
5) Day 1 =6
Day 2 =5
Day 3 =4
Day 4 =6
Day 5 =5
Day 6 =13
Day 7 =0
Average =5.57
5b) While I would like to say that everything is going fine in by behavioral change project, or make something up about how great it is going, it is actually not going so well at all. Because my behavior is a result of stress and this is what I would say has been the most stressful point in my life thus far, I have not had a lot of success in curbing my hair-pulling behavior. I’m not sure I would be able to change anything if I were to do it over again. The root of the problem is obviously stress but this is a time where stress is inevitable in my life. Antecedents that I could change to help my progress may be to do things that cause me to not have as much stress such as make sure the house remains clean, try to keep up on homework, or take time to have de-stressing sessions.
6) Terms: DRO, environment, elicit, reinforcement, antecedents, operant behavior, behavioral change project

Please read sections 5.4 (Changing the Antecedents).
After reading the first section, please respond to the following questions.
1) What did you find interesting in the section? Why?
I thought the first few paragraphs to be really interesting in general because people often want changes and thing that just the behavior they emit will be enough. If you can change your environment to avoid the behavior in general, the outcome would be a lot better. One specific example I liked was wanting to reduce the amount of sweets someone consumes by only buying things you have to make. I know I have this problem and I would never take the time to make it.

2) What did you find least interesting? Why?
I didn’t think anything was boring, but I got a bit thrown off by the example of being on parole because it didn’t seem like a very unlikely scenario so it was a bit hard to follow because of it.

3) How does the section relate to what you already knew/learned previously?
Note: This can be from previous chapters or from other classes, etc.
I guess all in all this relates to everything we have read about changing behaviors but from a different angle. I kind of remember going over something like this in a parenting class I took in high school. The example of making an environment where you will use the word “No” less I have heard of before.

4) Based on what you read from this section, what are two things that relate to your life? How so?
One example of how changing the environment can change the antecedent, behavior, and consequence in my life was choosing to do homework in a public, busy place last year. My whole first semester I really struggled to sit down with homework and to focus when I lived in a dorm with a roommate, hundreds of other people outside my door, a tv on…etc. I found that if I went to Panara, I focused best. Another example is when I lived with my boyfriend’s niece who is two. Her parents pushed us all to not yell “no” or use the word “bad”. If she did something wrong, we wouldn’t say “No!” we would say her name to get her attention and explain “you can’t hit the dog, you’ll hurt him.” So she never went through a No phase.

5a) Behavioral Project (Intervention). Last Monday (week #12) you were asked to continue collecting data on a target behavior. You should now have 2 week's worth of base line data. Report Week #2 below:
Week #2 (behavioral intervention)
Because I am trying to change the amount of unnecessary spending on things I don’t absolutely need (like clothing and shoes) I use a weekly total instead of amount per day. Mast week I spent $86.27 which is less than what I normally spend. I am decently surprised and happy with this.
5b) How is your behavior project going so far? (note: Don't just say "good." We are looking for some depth and detail.) What changes might you make if you were to do it again? What are some antecedents you could change to help your progress?
I think for the most part this project is going really well. I have continuously lowered the amount I spend a week and I am much more conscious about what I buy. That same week I went to Mall of America with a couple friends and the whole time I was there I would just look around and tell myself if I really wanted something I would come back to it a little later. It gave me an opportunity to look for better deals and consider how often I would really use the things that I wanted to buy. So far the saving money part itself has been a pretty big reward. I feel less stressed about making ends meet as well. Unfortunately I don’t think I will be able to reward myself at the end of the month because I will be Christmas shopping, but I plan to be frugal when doing that as well.
Please continue reinforcing yourself if you achieve your target behavior during your behavioral intervention and continue to collect data.

6) Once you are done with your post make list of the terms and terminology you used in your post.
Environment, Antecedent, Behavior, Emit, Consequence, Data, ABC, punishment, reward, reinforcement