For this assignment please find a short video clip online where punishment is occurring. Based on what we covered in class so far, I would like you to identify the ABC's (These should be listed out A=; B=; and C=). The main behavior involved in the video, the antecedents to the behavior, and the consequences of the behavior using the terms and terminology we have learned from the book, class, and other sources.
Remember we are looking for punishment - the behavior (B) has to decrease in the future as a result of the consequence (C).
Keep these questions in mind when formulating your response. Is there an establishing operation involved? Any discriminitive stimulus? What is the context? Is it positive or negative punishment? Who / what is eliciting the behavior? Who is emitting it? Etc.?
Use these questions when you formulate your video repsonse - don't simply answer each questions.
Finally, please make a list of the behavioral terms used in your response.
This is due Saturday - however since the Thursday and Friday due dates are so close together I changed the due date.
Let me know if you have any questions,
--Dr. M
First off, I tried finding some punishments on youtube and along the way I found some seriously disturbing things, so I finally found this video and only watch the FIRST 18 SECONDS. I don't even know what was on the rest of the video and I kind of don't want to know, but this is a good example of punishment.
I saw that the antecedent in this video is that they had homework assigned for school. The boy emitted behavior of deciding to not do his homework (and I guess spell his own name wrong), and the consequence was that he got punished by having to respell his name many times to make sure he knew how to spell it.
The punishment will hopefully eliminate the behavior of uncompleted homework by the boy. I feel that this is positive punishment because he is getting an undesirable consequence because of his behavior. I'd say a descriptive stimulus, though not in the video, may be a sign written on the chalkboard saying that the homework is due the next day. Would I be right in these things?
Asian video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrdRAtJqQOg
Again only the first 18 seconds!
The video clip I found was of a young boy and his dad. In the video the young boy is throwing a temper tantrum because he got his Nintendo DS taken away because he wouldn’t share it. I would say that the antecedent to the behavior is the father taking away the boy’s Nintendo DS. The behavior is the boy throwing a temper tantrum and the consequence is that the boy doesn’t get his DS back any sooner. In fact, because the boy is emitting a crying behavior the father takes the young boy upstairs to his room. The father in this video would be eliciting a punishing behavior, which would be negative punishment. This is because the parent is removing something desirable to the child. In this context, I would say that because the consequence was aversive to the child, the likely hood of the child misbehaving again would decrease.
Terms: antecedent, behavior, consequence, eliciting, negative punishment, context, aversive
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n24l34qInFQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKF1pJp-wgY
This video clip I found is an anti-smoking add.
A= everyone outside smoking on the balcony
B= the guy going out to join everyone and smoke
C= the balcony and smokers on it falls to the ground
This is an example of punishment, because after the guy watches all the smokers fall with the balcony, he changes his mind about smoking (i.e. his behavior decreases). The main context of the video is the smokers all outside on the balcony smoking. The target behavior is smoking. When the guy about to go outside to smoke realizes that "smoking kills" he turns back around. This would be negative punishment, because nothing is added to the situation (positive punishment) to modify the guys behavior. All the smokers outside are eliciting the guys behavior to go join them; however, after they all fall, he decides not to emit the behavior of smoking.
Terms: antecedent, target behavior, consequence, modify, eliciting, emit, punishment, negative punishment, positive punishment, context
A=Party/College
B=Binge Drinking
C=Missed classes, poor grades, trouble with police
This video is a explanation of the effects of binge drinking which is where I derived my example.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9iaxnwkUdI&feature=SeriesPlayList&p=A1DA73397EB883B2
The antecedent to binge drinking are often solely just the weekends on a college campus. Parties, kegs, tailgating are the main contexts, etc. As a direct result of the behavior of binge drinking, there are negative consequences such as missed classes, poor grades, trouble with police.
Now, as it states in the video, the best defense or punishment to binge drinking (the target behavior), is ultimately death as 1400 college students die each year from binge drinking. A not so severe explanation would be hangovers which are a positive punishment, as hangovers exemplify the introduction of an aversive stimulus. This biological happening is a direct result of the body telling you to decrease this behavior of binge drinking. Positive punishment could also occur as someone could be fined for public intox as the officer introduces an aversive. Negative punishment would result in the instance of your car getting taken away for drunk driving.
Terms: Positive punishment, antecedent, behavior, consequence, context, target behavior, negative punishment, aversive
Antecedent = Young girls school
Behavior = Having curly hair...?
Consequence = Hair being cut
I found this video clip on YouTube and find it a quite interesting example of a negative punishment. The little girl in the clip has naturally curly hair. Her is apparently strict and manipulates these girls by conditioning them to be/act a certain way.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLPSJsmekgs
I am not sure if you can really consider her having curly hair to be a behavior in this case, however, her hair (antecedent) elicited the cutting behavior (aversive). The result of her hair being cut (consequence) is due to this man emitting the haircut (behavior). This reinforcement ensures that she will more than likely be straightening her hair every morning to bypass the possible daily haircut.
Terms: Negative punishment, antecedent, behavior, consequence, aversive, reinforcement
***I chose the controversial Europran commericial about texting and driving. If you haven't seen or heard about it, it's pretty graphic and very sad. You don't have to watch the whole thing to get the idea.***
Antecedent = Driving with friends.
Behavior = Texting while trying to drive.
Consequence = Car accident.
Three girls are in a car on the highway. Because she is with her friends and having fun the driver emits a social behavior and texts a boy. The texting elicits the other girls to also take their eyes off the road and no one notices that their car has drifted into the other lane.
As the girls look up they see that they about to hit a car and then crash into it. After their car stops spinning they're hit by another car. One of the three girls is awake and sees her other two friends aren't and gets scared. The commercial goes on to show you the ambulance arriving, the condition of the passengers in the other cars, the firemen using the jaws of life to get into the cars, the EMTs strapping the girl onto a stretcher and loading her onto a helicopter to take her to the hospital. It also includes an aerial shot of the damage that was caused.
I think this video shows examples of both positive and negative punishment. The passengers of all the vehicles suffered physical and emotional damage (introducing an aversive stimulus). The girl who was driving will see an increase in her car insurance (addition of aversive stimulus). New hospital bills are another aversive stimulus.
The examples of negative punishment are the loss of people cars (totalled) and perhaps the loss of friends and family in the crash. Depending on the driving laws of Europe and her driving record the girl may lose her liscence for a while. The girl's parents may also decide to take her phone away or take the texting option off her plan. All of these deal with the loss of a desirable stimulus.
This commercial was designed to reinforce good driving behaviors.
Antecedent, Behavior, emits, elicit, positive and negative punishment, averisive stimulus, desirable stimulus, reinforce.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pubTiDCEVZ8
I chose a video called Toy gets Crushed by Bigger Toy. In this video someone is controlling a remote control motorcycle on the street. A vehicle is driving by and runs over the motorcycle and smashes it.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjufgSC6xr0
Antecedent- Having a remote control motorcycle at the campground
Behavior- Controling the motorcycle on the street
Consequence- Motorcycle gets smashed
This video is an example of negative punishment because The toy motorcycle gets crushed, which is taking something away. The person controlling the toy was emmiting the behavior of controlling it on the street. Hopefully the person controlling the motorcycle will learn their lesson by this punishment and never have a remote control toy on the street where there is traffic.
Terms: Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence, negative punishment, emmiting.
For this assignment, I decided to choose a video of a bad American Idol audition. Since there are so many, it was hard to choose just one but this is the one I ended up with: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Muq1Enh_GLE
For this video:
A=auditioning to become the next American Idol
B=singing a song that didn't sound good
C=receiving a negative reaction from the judges
The context of this video was of a girl emitting a singing behavior to the American Idol judges. She was not very good, so the judges had an aversive reaction. They had only negative things to say about her singing. I think this video is a good example of positive punishment. I believe this because the judges are introducing an aversive stimulus (negative reaction) to the girl's singing. In the future, I hope the girl learns from her consequences are the behavior decreases in the future.
Terms used: emitting, aversive, negative, positive punishment, stimulus, consequences
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Px6K4P0TuDE (there might be some less than appropriate language)
This quick clip is a guy who climbs up on a table, sets himself, then attempts a backflip onto the floor. He is less than successful.
Antecedent= A room containing guys and a table
Behavior= Attempting a backflip off of the table
Consequence= Slamming head on table, blood, pain
The video is an example of positive punishment. With the addition of an aversive stimulus (pain and possible injury), he should emit fewer peer-pressured party stunt behaviors in the future. The video picks up at a poor point, so I can't tell what the context of the situation is. A discriminative stimulus would be the presence of the other people in the room, and them being impressed by his stunt.
antecedent, behavior, consequence, positive punishment, aversive stimulus, emit, discriminative stimulus
I chose this clip from the first episode of Futurama.
http://www.comedycentral.com/videos/index.jhtml?videoId=136575&title=suicide-booth
It has a number of examples of punishment. First Fry gets into a transportation tube and though he finds it fun at first his landing is rough and thus he is positively punished because the painful smack on the wall will likely decrease the likelihood that he will use the transportation tubes again. Fry's experience with the "phone booth" at the end of the clip is another example of positive punishment decreasing the likelihood of his "go into a suicide booth" behavior.
A- Needing to locate his only living relative
sets the occasion for
B- Getting into the transportation tube
which results in Fry's
C- having a very painful exit from the tubes.
Thus positively punishing his Tube using behaviors.
A-Needing to locate his only living relative
sets the occasion for
B- Going into what appears to be a phone booth
which results in Fry's
C- actually being in a Suicide Booth
thus positively punishing his "go into strange booths" behavior.
To be clear in both instances the behavior will likely decrease in the future directly because of the consequence immediately following the behavior. A painful (aversive) exit from both Tubes and Booths. Also, Fry's punishments through various aversive stimuli would probably result in one common problem of punishment, that of relating the punisher across numerous other contexts, and behaviors. Fry will likely be hesitant to go into any foreign buildings, or to emit a number of other behaviors due to these consequences.
We haven't quite discussed Pavlov's experiments regarding "squaring the circle," presenting ambiguous stimuli which caused neurosis but it seems likely that Fry might develope just such paranoia given that all of his previously learned behaviors would now be called into question with how things are in the future. Is it a phone booth or a suicide booth?
Terms- positive punishment, emit, consequences,aversive stimuli
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9AajQn7b18
The video that I chose for this assignment is a clip from the movie Miracle. This is the part of the movie when the U.S.A. team plays Norway. The team plays very poorly and is lazy throughout the whole game. The coach of the team gets very angry and forces the team to stay after and do suicides.
A=The team's last hockey game before the olympics
B=the team was playing poorly and lackadaisically
C=The team received positive punishment by being forced to skate suicides
The coach of the team elicited the aversive consequence of behavior. The team emitted the consequence. The positive punishment also created a natural punishment, when all of the team members began throwing up from the excessive workout. The establishing operation is that the team was punished immediately after a game, while there were still fans in the stands, and they were at location other than their own. The punishment ended up being effective, since the team ended up winning the olympics and never made the same mistake again.
Terms: positive punishment, establishing operations, aversive consequence, emit, elicit.
The Video I found is a cat being punished for laying on a computer desk. The context of the cats behavior is the owner having a target behavior he wants the cat to emit. The antecedent to the behavior is the cat laying on the computer desk of his owner. the behavior is the cat not moving after the owner signals the cat to get off the desk. the consequence is the owner turning on an electric razor and moving it towards the cat until the cat is forced to move from the desk to get away from the razor. The owner got the cat to emit the target behavior of not laying on the desk by punishing the cat.
this is an example of positive punishment because the owner introduced a stimulus with negative valence into the cats environment. the context of the punishment is that the cat was associating the sight and sound of the razor with a previous negative experience or it triggered an instinctual(primary reinforce er) behavior to avoid potential danger.
positive punishment, negative valence, primary reinforce er, emit, target behavior.
I chose a clip from scrubs.
A- Jd doing a behavior that Dr Cox doesn't like
B- Dr Cox punishes JD by calling him a girls name
C- This is Negative punishment, and would normally result in JD reducing the behavior so he will no longer be called a girls name.
It was hard to find a clip of JD doing an aversive behavior and then reducing the behavior, but you get the idea.
I chose a clip from scrubs.
A- Jd doing a behavior that Dr Cox doesn't like
B- Dr Cox punishes JD by calling him a girls name
C- This is Negative punishment, and would normally result in JD reducing the behavior so he will no longer be called a girls name.
It was hard to find a clip of JD doing an aversive behavior and then reducing the behavior, but you get the idea.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_DQpZippWc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1kwN0jDwNo&feature=related
This video is about models falling on the runway because of wearing 6 inch heels.
A=Model in show wearing 6 inch heels
B=Model walking down runway and falling in front of everyone there
C=Model gets up embarrassed while laughing
For the consequence, this might be exaggeration, but because of the aversive behavior and the consequence the model might refuse to runway shows for a particular brand or for a particular runway show. The designers elicited the fall for the models by making them wear such ridiculously impossible shoes to walk in down a slippery runway in front of tons of people. I would personally model in flats only. I think that the falls would be a positive punishment in that the model(s) would have aversive publicity or painful wounds. I think it could also be negative punishment in that the designer would drop the model in shows for falling (aversive stimulus). The designer could remove all those years of experience within a couple minutes.
Terms: Consequence, behavior, aversive, elicited, positive punishment, Antecedent, aversive stimulus
The video I chose showed a girl giving her father a piece of gum as a substitute for chewing tobacco. The father appears very anxious and fidgety while looking at the chewing tobacco setting next to him. The daughter sees this and gives him the gum so that he may still emit a chewing behavior, but in a healthy way rather than an aversive one.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8hHvb_ZEmk
This is an example of positive punishment as the daughter presents him with a stick of gum in order to lessen his amount or to stop him from chewing tobacco.
A=Fidgeting and Anxious Feelings
B=Chewing Tobacco
C=Piece of Gum
If it were negative punishment, the daughter would have removed the tobacco rather than offering a substitution. Also, it is not reinforcement because the girl is trying to lessen the amount of chewing, where if it were reinforcement, she would be attempting to increase the behavior.
Terms: Emit, Aversive, Positive and Negative Punishment, Reinforcement
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwZvr1obG8w
I chose a YouTube video about one of the child actors in Slumdog Millionaire. The video does not depict the actual punishment incident, but the newscaster describes it. The child was slapped by his father because he was too tired from his flight home from LA to greet fans.
A: Flying home from LA
B: Refusing to greet fans
C: Being slapped by his father
Obviously, this is positive punishment because the father is giving the child something aversive ( a slap). I think the flight home could be said to elicit the refusal behavior from the child. The child actor emitted this refusal behavior after the flight. I think the flight home and participation in events while in LA could be considered the establishing operation, but I'm not entirely sure.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TmKmp84Kuk
A=Being in trouble with the law
B=Running from the police
C=Getting caught by police
I'm not sure what exactly is eliciting the man's behavior because the video doesn't say why he is in trouble with the police. This is an example of positive punishment because the police will give the man jail time for the high-speed chase. He will be less likely to run from the police again in the future because he was punished by being caught.
Terms: Antecedent, behavior, consequence, elicit, positive punishment
When I thinking about different punishment behaviors and focusing on the context and other discriminative stimuli that would contribute to the ABC’s I thought of the process of going through airport security. The security checkpoints are filled with punishment situations. Every time someone forgets to take off a watch or a bet and they set off the metal detector they are being punished and are less likely to leave those items on in the future. A person’s behavior as they are going through security can impact their trip immensely. When I was looking at different videos I came across a Friend’s episode that demonstrated how a behavior can elicit many different consequences. This clip is presented in a humorous/comedy TV show; however, the actual behavior taking place is a form of punishment because the specific behavior I am focusing on is less likely to happen again.
In the Clip Chandler is going through airport security and sees a sign that asks people to not make jokes about bring bombs or other explosives on the plane and inadvertently gets taken into another room for questioning after doing so. The behavior is Chandler making the joke about bringing an explosive onto a plane. The environment that sets the occasion (antecedent) for Chandler to make the joke is the sign that is posted on the x-ray machine. This sign elicits Chandler to make the joke provoking airport security to act immediately by pulling him and his wife aside for questioning and searching of their belongings. This act by the airport security is the consequence for the behavior Chandler emitted by making a joke about bringing a bomb on the plane. This clip is an example of positive punishment. Chandler and Monica are being punished for making this comment by having to go through an extensive search preventing them from getting to their gate at a decent time with the hopes that next time they are flying the behavior of making a joke will be less likely to happen. This clip is an example of positive punishment because Monica and Chandler having to talk with security serves as an additional averse stimuli. There are many discriminative stimuli in this clip however the sign stating not to make jokes serves as one of them provoking Chandler to make the joking comment. The context of this situation is also very important. If Chandler and Monica were not in an airport then a joking comment about bringing a bomb on a plane would not result in slight interrogation by security and searching of the luggage.
Terms: Punishment, Positive, Discriminative Stimulus, Elicit, Emit, Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence, Adverse, Context.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_p5i7lu2pGQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yH9iZl-JuE&feature=related
A- Drinking with friends
B- Lighting a shot on fire and taking it
C- Lit his face on fire.
This video would be an example of positive punishment because the punishment is being lit on fire, nothing is being taken away. The discrimintive stimulus is drinking with friends at one's home. This sets the scene for aversive, unsafe behaviors to be emitted because alcohol decreases inhibitions. The friends are eliciting the behaviors while reinforcing it because they are encouraging him to take the shot. The kid who takes the shot is emitting the behaviors.
Terms: Positive punishment, discrimintive stimulus, aversive, eliciting, emitting, reinforcing
I found a video of a man getting pulled over for speeding and then as he was pulled over.He elicited the behavior of flipping off the police with his middle finger. The punishment is him going to jail for not following the police order and getting a ticket. By him getting pulled over with a ticket is reinforcing him to not to speeding again. This is an example of negative punishment. A-Driving in a car B-Speeding down the highway C- getting pulled over by the police/ getting a ticket. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfYMK2ye-QY
Term: Punishment negative punishment, elicit, reinforce
The video i found is one of my favorites that my friends and i enjoy watching. Its of a young man eating a habanero pepper. The reasons for the eating the pepper still remain a mystery to this day. But none the less, HILARIOUS! The antecedent is the pepper i believe, the behavior emitted by the boy is obviously one of eating, and the consequence is clearly that the pepper was much hotter than this young man coudlve ever imagined. And what a stupid thing anyone could ever do. Its my belief that this video would be a good example of positive punishment and could possibly even be a form of extreme punishment for the boy. Maybe he lost a bet or someone dared him and he decided to take the dare. There are also videos online of individuals eating habanero's for $20, and theres even videos of people eating ghost peppers (the hottest pepper in the world. So ENJOY!! Who doesnt like a little heat?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dG38vd2XKno
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDQXwlgb6P8&feature=related
http://www.break.com/index/hammer-toss-fail.html
I think this video is a pretty good example of natural punishment. the antecedent to the whole incident is I guess this guy saw the hammer throw ball and decided to try it. then he emits a throwing behavior closely followed by a falling on his face behavior. the consequence is that he won't be attempting that activity any more. He is punished for his attempt at the activity. I would say it's positive punishment. he gets hurt, adding pain, and humiliated because his buddy posted his fail on the internet. He probably won't be video taping himself at the gym again any time soon.
I am commenting on Austin’s binge drinking blog. Binge drinking is a big problem and not only just here in the United States, but all around the world. I thought the video that he had was really interesting and it made me want to look more into it. As I was searching, I found a video about three teenagers and their real life stories with binge drinking. This video has an antecedent for each person, the behavior is pretty much the same, but some of their consequences are more severe than others. Over all I would say that most of the consequences of these individuals would be negative punishment, though some do seem to be positive punishment as well. Check out this link – I thought it was a real eye opener.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96TS9qxnqaM&NR=1
The video I used was of some guys trying to pull a car out of the snow with a truck.
A=car being stuck in the snow
B=pulling it out
C=pulling off the bumper and ruining the car
This video showed an example of negative punishment. The antecedent is the guy’s car being stuck in the snow. This elicited the brilliant behavior of trying to pull the car out with a truck. The consequence of the behavior being emitted was that the rear bumper was completely torn off ruining the car. This in negative punishment because a desirable stimulus (the working car in good shape) was removed. Now the guy is left with car that has no bumper and will potentially lose the car for a period of time while it gets fixed.
terms: antecedent, behavior, consequence, negative punishment, elicit, emit